Khalid Mahmood

University of the Punjab | PU · Department of Space Science

Improved living standards and unplanned urban growth are putting pressure on the environment and disturbing the sustainability of resources. This research has been conducted to study the effects of these irregularities in the natural ecosystem on groundwater resources. The residential area of Gujranwala, Pakistan, has been chosen as the case study....

The estimation of spatiotemporal variability of vegetation health and associated climatic variables is a prerequisite for efficient management of mountain ecosystems. The present study aimed to quantify the changing effect of different climatic parameters on vegetation health in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from 2012 to 2021. The association betwe...

Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and transportation of aerosols from other regions are contributing remarkably to atmospheric pollution in Pakistan. This study investigates the influence of aerosols on snow cover in Northern Pakistan from 2003 to 2021. The present study acquired snow cover data from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (F...

The identification of morphological changes in coastal areas plays a fundamental role in assessment of their spatio-temporal evolution. The focus of this research is to analyze the morphodynamic evolution of shoreline, built-up areas, and vulnerability assessment of Gwadar coastal zone. Using Landsat data, from 1987 to 2021, shorelines were extract...

Urban municipalities throughout the world are facing grave challenge on the environmental front due to generation and mismanagement of massive amounts of municipal solid waste. This study focuses on the ecological damage caused by Municipal Solid Waste Open Dumps (MSWOD) in their vicinity. To study the adverse ecological impacts, satellite-based ve...

This paper shows the thermodynamic analysis and predictions of metastable binary alloy silver-copper (Ag-Cu) system using the Calphad approach. The thermodynamic analysis involves the calculationof phase diagram, Gibbs energy of mixing, excess Gibbs energies, thermodynamic molar activities andcoefficient of activities, partial and integral values o...

Owing to the release of toxic gases, leachate and thermal emissions that originate from waste dumps, these sites significantly impact environmental sustainability. The study attempts to assess the deleterious impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) dump on surrounding forested landscape by employing geospatial technologies, which are cost and time-ef...

The study has been intended to find best possible solution for developing continuous spatial distribution of groundwater quality, being used for drinking in the mega city of Lahore, Pakistan. A variety of interpolation methods have been compared to map spatial trends in different indicators of groundwater quality in the most realistic and effective...

Assessment of changing groundwater storage is an important factor that needs to be assessed over both time and space to understand the regional scenarios. This study has employed Geographical Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR) along with Geographic Weighted Regression and Ordinary Least Squares to find the impact of various variables on Groundwate...

Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) as a solution for sustainable rainwater management is the focus of this research. To locate the potential sites for RWH, multi-criteria analysis following analytical hierarchy process using land-use/landcover, slope, drainage density, and runoff depth has been performed. By introducing continuous soil moisture accounting...

As point sources of pollution, thermal power plants (TPPs) emanate hazardous gaseous and particulate matter that are of significant detriment to surrounding biological landscapes. To provide support to ecological conservation and resource management in developing countries, this study aims to establish a cost effective and robust geospatial methodo...

Combustion of coal in thermal power plants poses significant threat to surrounding ecology, by the release of harmful effluents. This study assesses the bio-thermal impact of emissions from Catalagzı Thermal Power Plant Region (CTPPR). A geospatial analytical framework has been modeled, utilizing satellite-based bio and thermal indicators. Average...

More stress on freshwater resources make Lahore a water-scarce city. To accommodate this scarce condition a management system is required which give detailed information about which part of the city is facing more water-scarce condition and also in which season more scarcity prevails in the city to resolve this problem and to provide better managem...

Freshwater reservoirs are limited and facing issues of over-exploitation, climate change effects and poor maintenance which have serious consequences for water quality. Developing countries face the challenge of collecting in situ information on ecological status and water quality of these reservoirs due to constraints of cost, time and infrastruct...

Emissions from open Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dumps are a serious threat to ecology in their close vicinity. Proper assessment of associated damage and its radial extent of influence constitute basic information to plan a sustainable remedial approach. This study emphasizes on twin dumping facilities as unified source of pollution in a geotechnic...

The advent of technological era, the scientists and researchers develop machine learning classification techniques to classify land cover accurately. Researches prove that these classification techniques perform better than previous traditional techniques. In this research main objective is to identify suitable land cover classification method to e...

Wetlands are one of the most important and rich eco system. Deh akro II wetland complex is unique inland type of wetlands comprise of 35 wetlands in middle of Nara desert on bank of Nara Canal. They face a lot of degradation because of anthropogenic activities in the surrounding areas and lack of rainfall in last 2 decades. Chotiari wetland complex...

In the article “A Study of Thermal Controls in Rapidly Developing City Using Remotely Sensed Satellite Data: Spatio-Temporal Perspective” by Mahmood et al. (Journal of Acta Geophysica, advance online publication, January, 2021, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11600-020-00535-9) the affiliation of first (Khalid Mahmood) and third (Syeda Yu...

The unsusual rise in the land surface temperature is playing a vital role toward the rapid and intense changes in global climate. Occurrence of certain land use land cover and alternative changes in them is the prime cause of bringing extreme changes in temperature. In this research, using 30-year long time series (1988–2018) data from Landsat sate...

This study has compared the use of standard water quality overlay techniques with that of Getis-Ord Gi* statistical techniques for visualizing the spatial distribution of water quality parameters in an unconfined aquifer beneath the city of Lahore in Pakistan. The non-uniformly distributed groundwater sampling points were uniformly transformed to a...

In this study, an integrated approach has been adopted for optimum selection of locations for rain water harvesting (RWH) in Kohat district of Pakistan. Various thematic layers including runoff depth, land cover/land use, slope and drainage density have been incorporated as input to the analysis. Other biophysical criteria such as geological setup,...

This study explores use the of remotely sensed satellite data for monitoring environmental impact of MSW open dumps on their surroundings using bio-thermal indicators. The study has made use of 66 images of Lansat-8 from January 2014 to December 2017, to monitor main MSW dump of Gujranwala, Pakistan. On average thermally influence zone of the dump...

This study presents spatiotemporal variability of two important air pollutants, Formaldehyde (HCHO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), concomitant to underlying anthropogenic, biogenic and pyrogenic emission sources from different landuse/landcovers over South Asia, from 2005-2016, using OMI sensor onboard Aura satellite. Annual and seasonal spatial distr...

This study is intended to evaluate and segregate potential zones of groundwater quality over residential area of Lahore, Pakistan, where population growth and modernization of urban infrastructure are exerting pressure on finite groundwater resources. The study is based on the groundwater quality data of the year of 2016, with physicochemical quali...

This study compares the suitability of different satellite-based vegetation indices (VIs) for environmental hazard assessment of municipal solid waste (MSW) open dumps. The compared VIs, as bio-indicators of vegetation health, are normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and modified soil adjusted vegeta...

Aerosols play a major role in atmospheric solar radiation budget, air quality degradation and climate change. In order to accurately evaluate aerosols effects, we require an in-depth knowledge of spatio-temporal distributions of their parameters. The focus of this paper is to analyze spatio-temporal distributions and trends of aerosol parameters ov...

The present study was designed to analyze the concentration of tropospheric NO2 over Saudi Arabia for a decade from 2005-2014 based on observations from satellite borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The spatial analysis has identified two hotspots: Jeddah and Riyadh. The result of temporal analysis shows increase of 1.45%, 3.15% and 3.10% per...

We have applied regression analyses for the modeling of tropospheric NO2 (tropo-NO2) as the function of anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and some important meteorological parameters such as temperature (Temp), precipitation (Preci), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), cloud fraction (CLF) and outgoing...

The rapid increase in CO2 emissions has been a hot topic for whole world because of their major contribution to greenhouse gases (GHG) which is an ultimate cause of global warming. This study analyses spatially gridded data from EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research) and linear relationship using multiple linear regression model...

This study has used remotely sensed data of Landsat-8 for monitoring open dumps of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) using vegetation health as a bio-indicator and thermal emissions from it. Open dump of Mahmood Booti has been found to affect the surrounding vegetation up to 800 m in dry summers and reducing to 400 m in winters, while averaging to a dist...

A comprehensive study for the spatial distribution of drinking water quality had been conducted for residential area of Lahore, Pakistan. The study had made use of the geographic information system (GIS) for geographical representation and spatial analysis of groundwater quality. Physicochemical parameters including electric conductivity, pH, TDS,...

This study presents trends, seasonality, hot spots, and anomalies of tropospheric NO2 pollution over four basins of Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers in South Asia using observations from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on-board Aura satellite during 2004–2015. For the first time this area, a highly populated and industrialized region...

This study evaluates two existing dumpsites, namely Saggian and Mahmood Booti, regarding their inappropriate locations and related hazards. Four parameters were considered for the assessment: 1) threat to residential areas, 2) surface water bodies, 3) road network and related data, and 4) fluvial sediment sequence to groundwater depth. Geographic i...

The intrinsic vulnerability of a shallow aquifer of Sialkot is assessed using DRASTIC index method. The information required as input for all seven parameters, i.e. depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity data were collected from literature surveys and on field...

Estimating negative impacts of MSW dumps on its surrounding environment is the key requirement for any remedial measures. This study has been undertaken to map bio-thermal effects of MSW dumping at and around dumping facilities (non-engineered) using satellite imagery for Faisalabad, Pakistan. Thirty images of Landsat 8 have been selected after val...

This article presents spatial and temporal variations of planetary boundary layer (PBL) sulphur dioxide (SO2) over megacity Lahore and adjoining region, a typical representative area in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) largely influenced by transported volcanic SO2 from Africa, Middle East, and southern Europe, by using data retrieved from satellite-b...

Priority wise channelization of resources is the key to successful environmental management, especially when funds are limited. The study in hand has successfully developed an algorithmic criterion to compare hazardous effects of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) dumping sites quantitatively. It is a Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) that has made use of the...

This study is intended to explain discrimination of permanent and temporary groundwater quality zones using temporal geographic information system. The test area for this work is Lahore, Pakistan, where both quality and quantity of underground aquifer are under pressure due to anthropogenic activities. The analysis has been performed after developi...

This study presents major anthropogenic sources of carbon monoxide (CO) in Pakistan and discusses the spatio-temporal variability of tropospheric CO over Pakistan and neighboring regions of Afghanistan, India and Iran for a period from 2003 to 2012 using satellite-sensed (AIRS/AMSU) data. The results show a large spatio-temporal variability of CO o...

Lahore is provincial capital of Punjab and 2nd largest city of Pakistan. It has a long history of groundwater usage and over abstraction with less aquifer recharge which has led to groundwater level recession substantially. This paper reviews the hydrology of Lahore and summarizes the results of various hydrological researches conducted for Lahore....

This study was intended to map intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater contamination in Lahore using GIS based DRASTIC model. The final output of DRASTIC model was reclassified into three equal interval classes, corresponding to low, moderate and high vulnerability regions. Most of the study area was found to have low to moderate vulnerability, with...

Total ozone column (TOC) obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the Aura satellite was utilized to examine the spatio-temporal distribution of atmospheric ozone over Pakistan and adjoining regions of Afghanistan, India, and Iran for October 2004 to March 2014. This region has not yet been evaluated in greater detail. A yearly...

This study was carried out to find an optimum method of interpolation for the depth values of groundwater in Lahore metropolitan, Pakistan. The methods of interpolation considered in the study were inverse distance weight (IDW), spline, simple Kriging, ordinary Kriging and universal Kriging. Initial analysis of the data suggests that the data was n...

In this study we present an analysis of spatiotemporal variability of monthly averaged Vertical Tropospheric Columns (VTCs) of NO2 over Pakistan using OMI (ozone monitoring instrument) dataset from December 2004 to November 2008. The results have shown significant spatial and temporal variability of NO2 column values over the study region. Four NO2...

It is well established that aerosols affect the climate in a variety of ways. In order to understand these effects, we require an insight into the properties of aerosols. In this paper we present a study of aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) over mega city of La...

The aim of this study was to evaluate seasonal as well as moderate temporal effects on deep groundwater quality by the dumpsites leachate in the Lahore Metropolitan with a population of about 8 million. Groundwater samples for this study ware drawn from groundwater supply units installed by local government for the provision of drinking water to th...

A ground based remote sensing sensor, namely Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), has been used to analyze the aerosol properties. Volume size distribution, asymmetry parameter (ASY) and real and imaginary parts of refractive index (RI) have been studied over Lahore from December 2009 to November 2010. It was observed that ASY is wavelength sensitive...

Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan and capital of Punjab province. It has a long history of groundwater over abstraction with continuously decreasing rate of aquifer recharge which results in water table level recession substantially. Water supply demand has been increased as a result of rapid increase in population, urbanization and ind...