Kevin Li-Chun Hsieh

• Taipei Medical University

Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with chemoresistant, immunosuppressive, and invasive properties. Despite standard therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, tumors inevitably recur in the peritumoral region. Targeting GBM-mediated immunosuppressive and invasive properties i...

Background: Posterior circulation (PC) large-vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes have significant morbidity and mortality, but patient selection for acute interventions remains understudied. Multiple computed tomography (CT)-based scores exist, including the CT-perfusion-based CAPS score, CT-angiogram(CTA)-based BATMAN and PC-CTA scores, and CTA source...

Background: Several semi-quantitative imaging scores exist to assess the extent of ischemic injury in basilar artery occlusions using various computed tomography (CT)-based modalities. Their inter-rater agreement has never been compared. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with basilar artery occlusions. Four...

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are highly aggressive pediatric brain tumors with sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors in preclinical models. We evaluated the feasibility of combining the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib with chemotherapy. Patients aged 0-20 years with newly diagnosed ATRT were enrolled from January 2022 through December 2...

Background This study investigates the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in identifying penumbral volume (PV) compared to the standard gadolinium-required perfusion–diffusion mismatch (PDM), utilizing a stack-based ensemble machine learning (ML) approach with enhanced explainability. Methods Sixteen male rats were subjected to middle cer...

Sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are rare in children. When occurred in the pediatric population, they usually appear bilaterally and are related to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). The current study reports a 4-year-old boy without family history of VS or NF2 who presented with a large (5.7-cm) VS involving the right cerebellopontine angle and...

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a commonly used technique for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. In this study, we developed a fully computer-supported pipeline to predict both the cage height and the degree of lumbar lordosis subtraction from the pelvic incidence (PI-LL) after TLIF surgery, utilizing preoperative X-ray images....

Infant-type hemispheric glioma (IHG) is a rare pediatric brain tumor with variable response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Molecular insights into IHG can be useful in identifying potentially active targeted therapy. A male fetus was found to have congenital hydrocephalus at the gestational age of 37 weeks. Fetal MRI showed a 2.6 × 2.0-cm tumor...

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a commonly used technique for treating lumbar degenerative diseases. Here, we developed a fully computer-supported pipeline to predict the cage height and the degree of lumbar lordosis subtraction from the pelvic incidence (PI-LL) after TLIF surgery through preoperative X-ray images. The automated pi...

Primary central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS GCTs) are part of the GCTs in children and adults. This tumor entity presents with geographic variation, age, and sex predilection. There are two age peaks of incidence distribution at the first few months of life and in adolescence. CNS GCTs are heterogeneous in histopathological subtypes, locat...

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) biomarkers can be used to quantify microstructural changes in the cerebral white matter (WM) following injury. Objectives: This prospective single-center study aimed to evaluate whether atlas-based DTI-derived metrics obtained within 1 week after stroke can predict the motor outcome at 3 months. Method...

The pathogenetic mechanism of persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS) following concussion remains unclear. Thalamic damage is known to play a role in PCS prolongation while the evidence and biomarkers that trigger persistent PCS have never been elucidated. We collected longitudinal neuroimaging and behavior data from patients and rodents after c...

Simple Summary Interval-compressed chemotherapy was evaluated in Asian children and young adults with sarcomas to assess the feasibility of this treatment strategy. Ultimately, the goal is to improve survival in this group of individuals with high-risk malignancies without increasing short-term or long-term toxicities. The feasibility of this strat...

BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke attributed to basilar artery occlusion (BAO) results in high rates of death and significant morbidity. Endovascular thrombectomy an effective treatment for BAO, but imaging parameters that predict a favorable response to thrombectomy are not well defined. We determined which imaging parameters were associated with p...

Spondylolisthesis refers to the displacement of a vertebral body relative to the vertrabra below it, which can cause radicular symptoms, back pain or leg pain. It usually occurs in the lower lumbar spine, especially in women over the age of 60. The prevalence of spondylolisthesis is expected to rise as the global population ages, requiring prudent...

There is an increasing number of reported cases with neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in children. Symptoms include headache, general malaise, ageusia, seizure and alterations in consciousness. The differential diagnosis includes several potentially lethal conditions including encephalopathy, encephalitis, intracranial hemorrhage, thrombosis...

Background A giant hypothalamic hamartoma (GHH) is a rare congenital malformation only reported in a few cases in the literature and is often associated with precocious puberty, gelastic seizures, or less commonly, Pallister-Hall syndrome. Persistent syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is very rare in infancy, and most...

A common spinal condition, spondylolisthesis is the presence of a relative back or forth displacement between the upper and lower vertebra due to one vertebra being oriented away from the smooth curvature of a normal spine. Aging-related illnesses such as degenerative spondylolisthesis are especially burdensome on social welfare and health-care sys...

Objective The timing and nature of surgical intervention for semisolid abnormalities are dependent upon distinguishing between adenocarcinoma-in-situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (INV). We sought to develop and evaluate a quantitative imaging method to determine invasiveness of small, ground-glass lesi...

Background Host immune response is a critical component in tumorigenesis and immune escape. Radiation is widely used for glioblastoma (GBM) and can induce marked tissue inflammation and substantially alter host immune response. However, the role of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a key enzyme in inflammation and host immune response, in tumorigenesis after...

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke due to basilar artery occlusion (AIS-BAO) results in significant morbidity and mortality. Endovascular thrombectomy (ET) has not been shown to improve outcomes in AIS-BAO patients in randomized trials, which may be due to insufficient selection before ET. We determined whether the Critical Area Perfusion Score (C...

Background: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare, highly aggressive embryonal brain tumor most commonly presenting in young children. Methods: We performed a nationwide, population-based study of AT/RT (ICD-O-3 code: 9508/3) in Taiwan using the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and the National Death Certificate Database. Results:...

Objectives Whether febrile seizures (FS) produce long-term injury to the hippocampus or other brain structures is a critical question concerning focal onset seizures in children. Our aims are to evaluate the effect of FS on subfields of the hippocampus, thalamic nuclei, amygdala, cortical thickness, and surface area quantitatively in children with...

Objective Perfusion imaging identifies anterior circulation stroke patients who respond favorably to endovascular thrombectomy (ET), but its role in basilar occlusion (BAO) is unknown. We hypothesized that BAO patients with limited regions of severe hypoperfusion (Time-to-maximum [Tmax] delay >10 seconds) would have a favorable response to ET compa...

Introduction: Recent trials have demonstrated the superior efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy over other medical treatments for acute ischemic stroke; however, not every large vessel occlusion (LVO) can be recanalized using a single thrombectomy device. Rescue devices were proved to increase the reperfusion rate, but the efficacy is unclear. Objec...

Purpose Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor. In the latest classification, medulloblastoma is divided into four distinct groups: wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. We analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging radiomics features to find the imaging surrogates of the 4 molecular subgroups of MB. Ma...

In 2019, a large outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in China. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the evolution of chest computed tomography (CT) imaging features in COVID-19. Nine patients with positive real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results were included in this study. Totally...

Sarcomas of bone, soft tissue, or neural origin may occasionally invade the central nervous system (CNS), causing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We aim to investigate the clinical features of sarcomas involving the CNS at initial presentation. During 2015/01–2019/12, nine consecutive patients (4 Males and 5 Females) younger than 30 years of...

Background Epileptic surgery is the potentially curative treatment for children with refractory seizures. The study aimed to quantify and analyze high frequency oscillation (HFO) ripples and interictal epileptiform discharges (EDs) in intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) between malformation of cortical dysplasia (MCD) and non-MCD children wi...

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether contrast medium volume and method of administration and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate influence the efficacy of prophylactic hydration for prevention of acute kidney injury after contrast administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS. An online search of PubMed conducted on Augus...

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) are among the most malignant brain tumors in early childhood and remain incurable. Myc-ATRT is driven by the Myc oncogene, which directly controls the intracellular protein synthesis rate. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a primary treatment for multi...

In 2016, a project was initiated in Taiwan to adopt molecular diagnosis of childhood medulloblastoma (MB). In this study, we aimed to identify a molecular-clinical correlation and somatic mutation for exploring risk-adapted treatment, drug targets, and potential genetic predisposition. In total, 52 frozen tumor tissues of childhood MBs were collect...

World Health Organization tumor classifications of the central nervous system differentiate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) into wild-type (WT) and mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotypes. This study proposes a noninvasive computer-aided diagnosis to interpret the status of IDH in glioblastomas from transformed magnetic resonance imaging patt...

According to a classification of central nervous system tumors by the World Health Organization, diffuse gliomas are classified into grade 2, 3, and 4 gliomas in accordance with their aggressiveness. To quantitatively evaluate a tumor’s malignancy from brain magnetic resonance imaging, this study proposed a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system bas...

Background: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is an alternative local therapy for patients with painful bone metastasis. However, little is known about the prognostic and predictive factors of MRgFUS in treating bone metastasis. Materials and methods: This retrospective study analyzed the performance status, treated site...

Background: Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE) is a rare but serious complication caused by metronidazole, a widely used antianaerobic drug. Previous studies prescribed MIE including dysarthria, cerebellar ataxia, and confusion after long-term use of metronidazole. Malignancy has been proposed one of the predisposing conditions for MIE. Ho...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the most detailed brain structure image available today; it can identify tiny lesions or cerebral cortical abnormalities. The primary purpose of the procedure is to confirm whether there is structural variation that causes epilepsy, such as hippocampal sclerotherapy, local cerebral cortical dysplasia, and cav...

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death. To achieve timely assessments, a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system was proposed to perform early recognition of hyperacute ischemic stroke based on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT). In total, 26 patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke (with onset <6 h previous) and 56...

Background The imaging findings of hypoglycemic encephalopathy can be considerably similar to those of ischemic infarction or toxic leukoencephalopathy. We demonstrated unusual magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of hypoglycemic encephalopathy which can be confused with other pathology both on imaging and acute clinical presentation. The diffu...

Context: Approximately 25% of all primary spinal cord tumors are meningiomas, and 80% of these tumors occur in the thoracic region. Few meningiomas of the lumbar spine have been presented. Extracranial metastasis of meningioma occurs extremely rare, only in about 0.1% of meningiomas. Even metastasis, the sites are seldom seen in deep soft tissue. W...

A 43-year-old man presented with exertional dyspnea and chest tightness for two months. He received coronary computed tomography angiography and the result revealed a single coronary artery, a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly.

Background: Recent trials have proved the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy over medical treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke, with the balance of equivalent rates of adverse events. Stent retrievers were applied predominantly in most trials; however, the role of other thrombectomy devices has not been well validated. A direct aspira...

Funnel plot of standard error by log odds ratio.

Woundhealing disorders characterized by impaired or delayed re-epithelialization are a serious medical problem that is painful and difficult to treat. Gelsolin (GSN), a known actin modulator, supports epithelial cell regeneration and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential of recombinant gelsolin (rhu-pGSN) for ocular surface...

Purpose and background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death. However, the prevalence of CVD in young adults (<40 years of age) has not been well documented. We conducted this study to determine the proportion of CVD in both symptomatic and asymptomatic young adults. Materials and methods: Coronary CT angiography im...

Objectives: Brain tumors are found in 1-3% of children with newly onset of seizures. Understanding the impact of seizures on pediatric brain tumors and factors between seizures and brain tumors are crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the association of pediatric brain tumors on seizure occurrence and the relationships between seizures and the di...

Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare epileptic syndrome, presenting as continuous focal motor seizures for a period of minutes, hours, or days. EPC may develop in patients with cerebral cortical lesions and occasionally may develop in patients with metabolic disorders, such as nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH). Here, we report a case of EPC fo...

Purpose: The new classification announced by the World Health Organization in 2016 recognized five molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas based on isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and 1p/19q genotypes in addition to histological phenotypes. We aim to determine whether clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can stratify these molecular subtypes to...

Spindle cell haemangioma (SCH), formerly known as spindle cell haemangioendothelioma, is a rare benign vascular tumour characterised by reactive vascular proliferation.¹ The lesions mostly occur in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of distal extremities. SCH is more common in children and young adults than other age groups, and it is equally preva...

Background Secondary pallidonigral transneuronal degeneration after a remote primary cerebral infarct can mimic recurrent stroke at clinical presentation. We describe a patient with secondary pallidonigral degeneration following a previous putaminal infarct, which was diagnosed through diffusion-weighted (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Case p...

The present study proposed a computer-aided diagnosis system based on radiomic features extracted through magnetic resonance imaging to determine the isocitrate dehydrogenase status in glioblastomas. Magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 32 patients with wild-typeisocitrate dehydrogenase and 7 patients with mutant isocitrate dehydrogen...

Infants with an immobile arm may be easily overlooked in primary care settings. Differential diagnoses include injuries, infections, neuropathies, ischemia and rarely, neoplasms. We report the case of a one-year-old boy with weakness in his left arm after minor trauma with a diagnosis of brachial plexus palsy initially. After rehabilitation for 2 m...

Background Goblet cell carcinoid is a rare variant of appendiceal carcinoid with mixed endocrine and exocrine features. The most common symptom and signs are abdominal pain, acute appendicitis and palpable mass. Additionally, abdominal pain is common in patient on peritoneal dialysis, which may confound the diagnosis in such patient. Case presentat...

The effects of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on quantitative intensity features with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) were evaluated by examining radiologists' performance in grading gliomas. The acquired MRI database included 71 lower-grade gliomas and 34 glioblastomas. Quantitative image features were extracted from the tumor...

Background: A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on intensity-invariant magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features was proposed to grade gliomas for general application to various scanning systems and settings. Method: In total, 34 glioblastomas and 73 lower-grade gliomas comprised the image database to evaluate the proposed CAD system. F...

Background and objectives: A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features was developed to evaluate the malignancy of diffuse gliomas, which are central nervous system tumors. Methods: The acquired image database for the CAD performance evaluation was composed of 34 glioblastomas and 73 di...

Background Tumors with epicenter in the thalamus occur in about 4 % of pediatric brain tumors. The histological diagnosis is mainly gliomas. Among them, low-grade glioma (LGG) constituted of a significant entity of the tumors (Cuccia et al., Childs Nerv Syst 13:514–521, 1997; Puget et al., J Neurosurg 106:354–362, 2007; Bernstein et al., J Neurosur...

Objective To present a rare case of serous degeneration of bone marrow which resembles primary spinal tumor or bony metastasis to spine. Summary of background dataSerous degeneration of bone marrow or gelatinous marrow transformation is a rare disease characterized by focal marrow hypoplasia, fat atrophy, and accumulation of extracellular mucopolys...

Absence seizures are a subtype of epileptic seizures clinically characterized by transient alterations in states of consciousness and by electroencephalography indicating diffuse spike-wave discharges (SWD). Conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not routinely used to establish the diagnosis, but rather to rule out other diseases. T...

Gelsolin is the fourth most abundant protein in the body and its depletion in the blood has been found in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. How gelsolin affects the MS brain has not been studied. We found that while the secreted form of gelsolin (pGSN) decreased in the blood of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, pGSN concentratio...

The purpose of this article is to use a mechanism-based approach to review the neuroimaging findings of abusive head trauma to infants. Advanced neuroimaging provides insights into not only the underlying mechanisms of craniocerebral injuries but also the long-term prognosis of brain injury for children on whom these injuries have been inflicted. K...

Purpose: To test if MPO-Gd, a gadolinium-based magnetic resonance (MR) imaging probe that is sensitive and specific for the proinflammatory and oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is secreted by certain inflammatory cells, is more sensitive than diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-Gd in revealing early subclinical and chronic disea...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease frequently associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations. No follow-up case report has characterized white matter alterations in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) before and after treatment. In this study, a 16-year-old NPSLE patient with severe neuropsychologica...

To develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicators to predict trismus outcome for post-operative oral cavity cancer patients who received adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), 22 patients with oral cancer treated with IMRT were studied over a two-year period. Signal abnormality scores (SA scores) were computed from Likert-type...

Primary melanoma of the central nervous system is a rare melanocytic tumor typically located in the leptomeninges. We report a 57-year-old woman with an intracranial leptomeningeal melanoma who presented with myoclonic seizures. Brain CT scan and MRI revealed a hemorrhagic intracranial tumor. The tumor was completely removed and leptomeningeal mela...

Enzymatic activity measurements of the highly oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is implicated in many diseases, are widely used in the literature, but often suffer from nonspecificity and lack of uniformity. Thus, validation and standardization are needed to establish a robust method that is highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible...

This file contains Figure S1–S7. Figure S1, Ammonium sulfate protein precipitation decreases recovery of MPO activity. Figure S2, ADHP and luminol assays are sensitive to unspecific peroxidase activity. Figure S3, ADHP is more sensitive and has a wider assay range than APF, TMB, and luminol. Figure S4, Reproducibility of the MPO capture assay. Figu...

This file contains two items. Protocol S1, Step-by-Step Protocol. Table S1, Troubleshooting. (PDF)

PURPOSE Clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging. We hypothesized that MPO-Gd, a molecular MRI probe specifically for myeloperoxidase can detect subclinical and chronic disease better than DTPA-Gd in a mouse model of MS. METHOD AND MATERIALS Twenty-four female SJL mice were induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis...

PURPOSE In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), only some will progress from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and subsequently cirrhosis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of NASH. We hypothesized that MPO-Gd, an MRI probe specific for MPO, could distinguish NASH from steatosis in a...

Gelastic seizures are rare and are associated with different conditions, but mainly with hypothalamic hamartoma. We report on a boy who presented with mental retardation, aggressive behavior, and generalized tonic-clonic and gelastic seizures. Cranial imaging studies revealed a very rare combination of hypothalamic hamartoma and agenesis of the cor...

Successful management of aneurysms of complex morphology depends primarily on adjunct use of balloons or stents. However, these two methods are technically demanding and have higher complication rates. As an alternative to these two techniques, we have used a catheter-assisted technique with a number of cases. It is simple, versatile, and less dema...

To clarify the effect of electroacupuncture (Ea) on the activity of the cardiovascular system in normal individuals, hemodynamic parameters including arterial blood pressure (BP), finger blood flow (FBF) and heart rate (HR) as well as paravertebral temperature (PVT) were non-invasively recorded under Ea stimulation. Surface stimulation electrode wa...