Kevin M. Fitzsimmons

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• PhD
• Professor and Director for International Initiatives at University of Arizona

The Aquaculture Governance Indicators (AGI) are an integrated social scientific framework for assessing governance performance for steering aquaculture sectors towards sustainability around the world. The AGI assess four governance dimensions against three governance principles. The four governance dimensions – legislation, voluntary codes and stan...

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing food production technology, but there are significant concerns related to its environmental impact and adverse social effects. We examine aquaculture outcomes in a three pillars of sustainability framework by analyzing data collected using the Aquaculture Performance Indicators. Using this approach, comparable data...

During the past 20 years, there has been a growing concern about how best to replace fish meals with more sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly ingredients. A global crisis of high feed prices, expansion of the aquaculture sector, and the increasing proportion of farmed fish have run into a decrease in the supply of fishmeal product...

Objective The Red Shiner Cyprinella lutrensis is one of the most prolific and ecologically destructive invasive fish species in the southwestern United States. The production and release of YY individuals as Trojan sex chromosome carriers can theoretically eradicate invasive fish populations by eventually eliminating phenotypic females. Methods Th...

Despite the fact that Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Linnaeus, 1758) are African freshwater fish, they have been introduced into many countries inside and outside Africa. The journey of Nile tilapia started during the second half of the 20th Century, especially in Southeast Asia and the Americas, mainly for aquaculture and fisheries enhancem...

Aquaponics incorporates aquaculture with hydroponics, whose principles and operations largely remain untested. Currently, there is a knowledge gap on the performance of aquaponic systems used for fish production under different stocking densities. This may hinder adoption and generally retard the development of aquaponic culture systems for fish an...

The feminization of green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus could expand their utility as a game fish or aquacultured species by preventing overcrowding and precocious reproduction in stocked systems. Feminization of green sunfish could also help elucidate information on their sex determination system. We report the feminization of green sunfish cohorts vi...

This datasheet on Oreochromis mossambicus covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Dispersal, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Impacts, Uses, Management, Economics, Further Information.

This datasheet on Oreochromis niloticus covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Dispersal, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Economics, Further Information.

The biofloc technology (BFT) was proposed as an alternative to the conventional extensive and semi-extensive aquaculture production systems. In terms of expansion, conventional systems face serious challenges such as competition for land and water and environmental regulations related to discharge of effluents which contain excess organic matter, n...

We provide detailed rearing methods and describe green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) gonadal development and histological differentiation for both sexes. Developing in-depth aquaculture protocols and describing the gonadal differentiation of green sunfish could facilitate strategies to control nuisance populations, enhance stocking programs, and prov...

Aquaponics is an innovative and sustainable fish and vegetable production system that has the potential to contribute to the food security and livelihoods of many people in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries that are experiencing pervasive droughts, declining crop yields, soil pollution, and climate change. Although an emerging innovation in many...

Biography Summary This issue of Hydrological Processes is dedicated to Dr. Edward P. Glenn, a frequent contributor to the journal, who suddenly passed away in late 2017. The articles within this volume are by a number of his former co‐authors and others who have been greatly influenced by his professional work on hydrological processes. This articl...

Aquaponics is a fish-plant recirculating system where nutrients received from the fish culture are absorbed by the plants for growth. The technology is relatively new for fish culture in Kenya, and the principles and operations remain largely untested for many fish species. This study determined how stocking density affects the growth performance a...

Review of alternative ingredients to fish meal and fish oil in aquafeeds. From Aquaculture - Asia-Pacific magazine. 2021 Volume 17 (2) 36-38.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an OIE-listed enteric disease that has continued to plague the shrimp aquaculture industry since its first discovery in 2009. AHPND is one of the biggest disease threats to the shrimp aquaculture industry along with white spot disease (WSD) which has severely impacted both crayfish and shrimp aquac...

Tertiary-treated effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Tucson, AZ, was added to recirculating hydroponic bed bioreactors filled with light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and recirculated for 10 days. Bioreactors were planted with high and low densities of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Bacillus thuri...

A vital goal of cleaner production involves developing agricultural production systems capable of ensuring sufficient yields of highly necessary foods to meet the increasing needs of the global population while minimizing the associated economic and ecological costs. Integrated agri-aquaculture systems (IAAS) offer a number of advantages for sustai...

Protein‐dependent aquaculture generates large amounts of nutrient‐rich residuals; a feasible way to develop sustainable production systems is to integrate Decoupled Aquaponic Systems (DAPS) with residual water bioprocesses, to combine Photoautotrophic Biofloc Technology (P‐BFT) aquaculture and hydroponic horticulture. This study describes the chara...

In this manuscript (Part I), the zootechnical performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture during the nursery and grow‐out phases using biofloc technology (BFT) with three photoautotrophic pathway treatments (Chlorella spp., M; Chlorella sorokiniana 2,805, CS; and Chlorella sorokiniana 2,714, CV) was evaluated using high protein feed (40....

In the present investigation, we evaluated if the presence of tilapia affects growth and survival of shrimp during pre-growth and grow-out phases. In both experiments, we used a random-blocks design in a single earth pond (0.75 ha) that was prepared and divided into nine (7 x 30 m) enclosures that were considered to be three blocks of three enclosu...

High protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) is a co-product of ethanol production that uses pre-fractionation technology. A 70-day’s growth trial was conducted to investigate the effect of partial replacement of dietary soybean meal by high protein distiller’s dried grains (HPDDG) with protease enzyme supplementation (PROXYM ULTRA®) on growth per...

Future of Fish Feeds

Sustainable shrimp fattening in mangroves

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are an efficient method for developing sustainable aquaculture and the development of a feed strategy for RASs could be a key factor for the success of culturing Oreochromis niloticus. The daily protein intake (DPI) mathematical function related to body weight (BW) was designed (DPI = −3.818 ln (BW) + 30.158...

ISTA 12 brought together the worlds premier tilapia experts to review advances in the global industry. With the conference in Chennai, India there was a special interest in the rapidly expanding tilapia industry across the Indian sub-continent.

Global Tilapia Production and Markets

Abstract for poster at WAS 2018

Aquaculture intensification is characterized by high stocking density and need of high quality and quantity of artificial feed. Increased fish biomass and feed input brings about rapid deterioration of water quality hence a water quality management system need to be put in place in such systems. Biofloc technology has been developed as a viable opt...

DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH AND EDUCATION FOR FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE IN MYANMAR (BURMA) Kay Lwin Tun*, Kevin Fitzsimmons, Hendrik Stolz, , Uwe Scholz, May Myat Noe Lwin, Soe Tun, , Hillary Egna * Laboratory of Aquatic Bioscience, Department of Zoology, University of Yangon, University Avenue, Yangon, Myanmar kaylwintun@gmail.com Myanmar has cons...

Sustainable aquaculture and reducing externalities

Aquaponic is an environmental-friendly production system involving reuse of waste and nutrients in production of fish and vegetables. Currently the system experiences unbalance in pH and nutrients deficiency in plants. This study investigated the effect of iron amino acid chelate supplement in fish feeds on growth performance of spinach (Spinacia o...

The proximate composition of local feed ingredient is limited by unbalanced dietary amino acid contents, thereby increasing de-amination and ammonia levels in water. This study formulated experimental diets and balanced the Essential Amino Acids (EAA) to enhance the feed nutritive value for culture of Oreochromis niloticus. Four diets comprising me...

Aquaponics is emerging as an alternative for high-health food production. Being able to identify the technical viability of non-conventional plants and fish species would help to increase the interest and possibilities in aquaponic systems. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the aquaponics production of two garnish species: scallion (S)...

A review of global and national tilapia production and markets and market development.

A description of the F3 Challenges. Contests designed to speed innovation and implementation of novel feed ingredients to replace fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds.

Power Point presentation from tilapia conference in India

Aquaponics production is emerging as an alternative for effluent treatment and aquaculture diversification. Also, aquaponics contributes to save water and for the maximum utilization of nutrients and culture areas. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effluent derived from biofloc technology (BFT) tilapia culture on the aquaponics pro...

Phytase is a phosphatase enzyme used as dietary supplement when significant portions of plant-based ingredients are used in fish feed formulations. This work thus assessed the effects of a phytase-supplemented diet on the P dynamics, P availability, P budget, fish and plant growth parameters, and carcass composition of Nile tilapia and phosphorus c...

Presentation at Aquaculture America

A number of leafy vegetables, their protein concentrates and hydrolasates are under evaluation as alternative protein ingredients to fish meal (FM) in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the nutritional characteristics and suitability of replacing FM with the amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus) leaf protein concentrates (ALPC) as a protein ingredient in the...

Tilapia have become one of the most important farmed fishes on a global basis, and the polyculture of tilapia in combination with shrimp has become one of the most promising production systems. Anecdotal reports of the benefits to fish and shrimp production from polyculture have now been supported by a number of experimental studies documenting som...

The interaction between the main ions in aquaponics nutrient solutions affects chemical composition and availability of nutrients, and nutrient uptake by plant roots. This study determined the effect of pH on phosphorus (P) speciation and availability in an aquaponics nutrient solution and used Visual MINTEQ to simulate P species and P activity. In...

TILAPIA AQUACULTURE 2016 AND WHERE WILL WE BE IN 2026 Fitzsimmons, K.* University of Arizona 2601 E. Airport Drive Tucson, Arizona, 85756 kevfitz@ag.arizona.edu Tilapia aquaculture in 2016 has become the second largest (by weight) farmed fish crop after the carps. The several closely related tilapias are farmed in over 100 countries with the wides...

The inclusion of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts (NTF) in aquatic organisms display a positive response on production and organism's physiology. Fifteen tanks (140 L) with low-salinity water (S = 5) were stocked with 10 juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, 2.6 g of mean weight) feeding with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg(-1) of N...

The inclusion of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts (NTF) in aquatic organisms display a positive response on production and organism's physiology. Fifteen tanks (140 L) with low-salinity water (S = 5) were stocked with 10 juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, 2.6 g of mean weight) feeding with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg-1 of NTF...

The experiment evaluates the food production and water treatment of TAN, NO2⁻–N, NO3⁻–N, and PO4³⁻ in two aquaponics systems using the dynamic root floating technique (DRF). A separate recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) was used as a control. The fish cultured was Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hydroponic culture in one treatment (PA...

Presentation on global market for tilapia products

Growing global needs for food call for substantial increases in protein production in coming years, and for diligent conservation efforts. Manures from farm animals have been viewed both as a resource and as a waste product, but they are critically important sources of nutrients for organic and integrated farming and for traditional Asian aquacultu...

Several anecdotal reports have indicated that some antibiotic-free approaches such as polyculture and biofloc systems can reduce the risks of disease outbreaks at shrimp farms. Polyculture with tilapia has been known to confer some beneficial effects in controlling luminescent bacteria, Vibrio harveyi, affecting shrimp. Since V. parahaemolyticus, a...

With the increasing world demand for biofuel, a number of oleaginous algal species are being considered as renewable sources of oil. Chlorella protothecoides Krüger synthesizes triacylglycerols (TAGs) as storage compounds that can be converted into renewable fuel utilizing an anabolic pathway that is poorly understood. The paucity of algal chloropl...

A study on the productivity of lettuce (pac choi (Brassica rapa) in a recirculating aquaponics system and fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii environment. The system was effectively designed by following the "one water lifted by a 40-watt submersible pump from 250-L fish tank, the highest portion, allowing the flow of water by gravity alon...

A new emerging disease in shrimp, first reported in 2009, was initially named early mortality syndrome (EMS). In 2011, a more descriptive name for the acute phase of the disease was proposed as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS). Affecting both Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei and black tiger shrimp P. monodon, the disease has ca...

Two experiments were conducted in the Environmental Research Laboratory of the University of Arizona in Tucson, AZ, USA, to evaluate the production of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in recirculating polyculture and monoculture systems. The experiments were conducted for six weeks in twenty and s...

Two recirculating aquaponics systems were installed in a controlled environment greenhouse to study the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis) and pac choi (Brassica rapa) using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture with and without freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Culture water...

The present study was carried out at the Environmental Research Laboratory (ERL), University of Arizona, to assess the effect of the addition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), at different densities, on the growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The growth rate and feed conversion of shrimp, both in polyculture an...

Seaweeds absorb inorganic nutrient wastes from mariculture and reduce their undesirable environmental effects. Mariculture in Saudi Arabia is increasing rapidly, thus, to exploit aquaculture wastes and to reduce coastal pollution risks, local seaweeds were cultured using mariculture effluents in integration on the Red Sea coast. The aim of the pres...

Recirculating aquaponic polyculture of Nile Tilapia, freshwater prawn, lettuce, pac choi and Chinese cabbage in controlled environment at eh Controlled Environment Agriculture Center , The University of Arizona

Describe the steps in the pathway from farm to consumer and to determine the competitive advantages that certain stakeholders may have during these steps and processes.

The ISTA conferences are the primary events to review and predict the direction of the global tilapia farming industry. Presentations on genetics, health, nutrition and feeds, national reports, processing innovations and development of commercial co-products from experts bring the latest information to the participants.

Tilapia is a warmwater fish and a popular choice for aquaculture. However, cold sensitivity of tilapia is a constraint to expansion of tilapia culture into the colder regions of the world. Tilapia generally require a thermal environment of 25–30 C. Acclimation to cold requires changes in gene expression such as delta 9 desaturase (Δ9D) which is wid...

This book contains 27 chapters on finfish aquaculture. The chapters were designated into four main topics: I. Aquaculture diversification an introduction (contains the first seven chapters namely: fish culture: achievements and challenges, fish culture: the rearing environment, fish culture: feeds and feeding, farmed species and their characteristi...

Field irrigation is costly in arid regions, and over-fertilization of farmland can lead to high groundwater nitrate levels and significant environmental challenges. Integrative aquaculture and agriculture (IAA) systems allow the reuse of water and nutrients to offset production costs while promoting greater sustainability. The aim of this study was...

An experiment was conducted in 21 outdoor cement tanks (2.5 × 2 × 1.2 m) from 8 December 2005 to 3 March 2006 to determine the effects of adding red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) at different densities and sizes on production, water quality and nutrient recovery in intensive culture tanks of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp postlarvae of 0....

This article explores the economic contribution of the private, recreation-based aquaculture industry in the Western United States. New sectors are constructed in IMPLAN input-output software using data gathered between 2007 and 2010 from producers and their direct customers (stocked fisheries). Information from a third survey of anglers in Colorad...

Increasing demand for aquaculture has led to the development of new production systems. Inland saline aquaculture, defined here as land-based aquaculture using saline groundwater, occurs in several countries including Israel, the USA, India and Australia. A number of species are cultured, or are being evaluated for their potential, including finfis...

Snooks are the most valuable fishery species in southeastern Mexico. Common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) and fat snook (C. parallelus) support the regional snooks fisheries in the Mexican.This technical report includes progress on the captive management of centropomids and the results of research on the snook network.

Tilapia–shrimp polyculture has played an important role in current efforts to control luminous bacterial disease caused by Vibrio harveyi. At present, green water technology is most extensively used by shrimp farmers in Negros Island in the central Philippines. While the contribution of tilapia as a biomanipulator is highlighted in the literature,...

A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) treating tilapia production wastewaters used a two-step process combining a simple clarifier and a submerged surface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands for suspended solids removal and removal of nitrogenous compounds. This system successfully supported a commercial scale level of production (>35 kg/m3) for ove...