Kerstin Gerlach- Professor
- Leipzig University
Kerstin Gerlach
- Professor
- Leipzig University
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115
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Introduction
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Publications
Publications (115)
Zusammenfassung
Störungen der Futteraufnahme können bei Pferden auf verschiedene Ursachen zurückzuführen sein. Zur Abklärung gehört unter anderem eine gründliche klinische Untersuchung der Maulhöhle mittels Maulhöhlenendoskopie, die durch bildgebende Verfahren wie Röntgendiagnostik und Computertomografie (CT) ergänzt wird. Sonografische Untersuchun...
Um der Frage, wie der normative Anspruch auf Teilhabe im inklusiven Bildungssystem für alle Lemenden realisiert werden kann, nachzugehen, werden Einsichten aus einem interdisziplinären Projekt vorgestellt, das anhand von Beispielen aus dem Sport- und Mathematikunterricht Inklusionsbemühungen von Lehrkräften aufzeigt. Es zeigen sich unterschiedliche...
To the authors' knowledge there is only one report in the literature describing plasma cell paramedullary myeloma in horses as so‐called ‘break out lesions’, originating from vertebral bone marrow and invading the epidural space. This report describes clinical and pathomorphological findings of such. An 8‐month‐old Warmblood colt exhibited acute te...
Background
Data regarding the lesion detection ability of different radiotracers are lacking in equine bone scintigraphy.
Methods
In this prospective study, hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) and methylene diphosphonate (MDP) were compared in horses with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake either in the caudal cervical region (CS group) or in...
A 12-y-old Shetland Pony was presented with a mucus-secreting fistula in the right paralumbar fossa. Surgery was performed to unravel the origin of the fistula. The horse died under anesthesia and was forwarded to autopsy. The right kidney was markedly atrophic and fibrotic, consistent with unilateral end-stage kidney. The right ureter was markedly...
In diesem Beitrag wird die Interpretative Forschung in der Mathematikdidaktik in ihren theoretischen Grundzügen präsentiert, anhand von zwei ausgewählten Forschungsergebnissen konkretisiert und im Hinblick auf Anschlussmöglichkeiten für die Erforschung von Verdeckungsgeschehen beleuchtet. Dabei wird das Implizite in alltäglicher Unterrichtsinterakt...
Background
Osteochondral fragment removal is commonly performed but there are little scientific data supporting this procedure in the absence of clinical signs. More information is needed to facilitate clinical decision‐making regarding fragment removal of the metacarpo−/metatarsophalangeal joint.
Objectives
To assess prevalence of cartilage injur...
To the authorsʼ knowledge there is only one report in the literature, dealing with paramedullary plasmacytomas in horses as so-called “break out lesions”, originating from the bone marrow of a vertebra and invading the epidural space (Drew and Greatorex 1974). Our case report describes the clinical and patho-morphological findings of such a case. T...
Background
In equine skeletal scintigraphy, there is no information about the possible influence of different phosphonate compounds on image quality.
Methods
This prospective randomised study determined bone uptake changes and image quality for hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) and methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in equine patients at different t...
Background
Lameness in cattle is a major health problem and causes great economic losses. Carpal injury is a common cause of forelimb lameness in cattle. Radiography and/or ultrasonography of the carpus is a challenge due to complex anatomy of the joint. Additional imaging using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be in...
The impact of different acquisition times (AqT) and technetium‐99 m–labeled (99mTc) diphosphonates on the image quality of bone scintigraphy is poorly documented in horses. The aim of this prospective experimental study was to evaluate the impact of varying 99mTc‐disphosphonates and AqT on semiquantitative and qualitative image parameters of bone s...
Background: Lameness in cattle is a major health problem and causes great economic losses. Carpal injury is a common cause of forelimb lameness in cattle. Radiography and/or ultrasonography of the carpus is a challenge due to complex anatomy of the joint. Additional imaging using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be i...
Background
Long-term cyclic tensile testing with equine palmar/plantar tendons have not yet been performed due to problems in fixing equine tendons securely and loading them cyclically. It is well established that the biomechanical response of tendons varies during cyclic loading over time. The aim of this study was to develop a clamping device tha...
The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured structure of the musculoskeletal system in sport horses and a common cause for early retirement. This project’s aim was to visualize and measure the strain of the sound, injured, and healing SDFTs in a pony during walk and trot. For this purpose, biplanar high-speed fluoros...
Background
Despite clinical importance and frequent occurrence of sinus disease, little is known about the size of paranasal sinuses and their communication in ponies and small horses. To examine the shape and volume of the paranasal sinuses and evaluate the sinonasal communication, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography (CT)...
Equine paranasal sinuses are susceptible to inflammation. Insufficient drainage through the nasal passages and meatus may lead to the accumulation of inspissated purulent discharge. Particularly in ponies, these anatomical structures are suspected to be relatively small. To date, there are no reports considering the morphology of nasal conchal bull...
This prospective, cross-sectional, pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of furosemide as a diuretic on the image quality of bone scintigraphy performed using99mTc-HDP and to investigate the impact of furosemide on the radiation dose rate. Thirty-one horses undergoing bone scintigraphy were included. The horses were divided into the control...
Introduction
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, moderate to severe changes of the distal sesamoidean impar ligament (DSIL) were found in horses with lameness localised to their feet. Histological abnormalities were detected more commonly in lame horses. Due to its heterogeneity and small thickness, evaluation of the DSIL in MRI can b...
Background
Signal intensity (SI) of equine tendinopathies in MRI differs between the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT). In DDFT lesions, short tau inversion recovery (STIR) SI decreases earlier than T2‐weighted (T2w) SI, while the latter decreases earlier in SDFT lesions, but long‐term results using...
Dental disorders are one of the top‐ranking clinical domains in equine practice. Scintigraphy has emerged as a useful diagnostic imaging modality for equine dental diseases. There is a paucity of the normal scintigraphic uptake and its correlation with age. This prospective, cross‐sectional, descriptive and pilot‐designed study aimed to describe th...
This study had 2 objectives. The first objective was to investigate motion patterns and the range of motion of the bovine proximal and distal interphalangeal joints on concrete during the stance phase. The second objective was to determine whether the range of motion and the locomotive stability of the interphalangeal joints differ on concrete and...
Laminitis is a highly painful disease in its acute stage. The chronic stage often proceeds pain-free after a certain period of time. The transition from the acute to chronic stage is characterised by a shifting of the coffin bone in the hoof capsule and the associated thickening of the dorsal hoof wall. The position of the coffin bone can be monito...
The objectives of this study were firstly, to determine an objective grading system of radiopharmaceutical uptake in the C6/7 articular facets of the cervical spine as a predictor of clinical signs in warmblood sporthorses; and secondly to establish an objective absorption coefficient (AC) value that could possibly differentiate between presence or...
Lameness originating from the proximal metacarpal region is known as one of the most common causes of lameness in horses. Differential diagnosis is based on the exclusion of other possible causes. Diagnostic imaging modalities, such as radiography, ultrasonography and scintigraphy, are often used to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Radiography is used...
Zusammenfassung
Eine 17 Monate alte Färse der Rasse Deutsch-Holstein wurde wegen seit einem Tag bestehender Schluckstörungen, geringgradiger Lähmung der Zunge sowie Lidschwellungen vorgestellt. Die klinische Untersuchung ergab eine gestreckte Kopf-Hals-Haltung, hochgradige Salivation, einen reduzierten Zungentonus sowie einen Schlotterkiefer mit vo...
Objective:
The aim of the present study was to verify the diagnostic validity of low-field magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) findings in septic diseases of the foot region following penetrating sole injuries caused by nails.
Materials and methods:
MRI examinations were performed in 10 horses with injuries in the foot region. The diagnostic findin...
Cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy is a neuropathy resulting in ataxia in horses. Three horses with different signs of incoordination were presented for further evaluation. A five-year-old gelding with a long history of abnormal head and neck carriage, a six-yearold gelding with a history of previous neurological episodes and a two-day histo...
The objective of this study was to provide a detailed multiplanar computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the bovine tarsus. The tarsal regions from twelve healthy adult cow cadavers were scanned in both soft and bone windows via a 16-slice multidetector CT scanner. Tarsi were frozen at -20(o) C and sectioned to 10-mm-thick slices in trans...
Treatment of tendon disease with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is a promising option to improve tissue regeneration. To elucidate the mechanisms by which MSC support regeneration, longitudinal tracking of MSC labelled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could provide important insight. Nine equ...
he objective of this study was to provide a detailed computed tomographic (CT) reference of the normal dromedary camel foot. Six hind limbs obtained from three dromedary camel cadavers with no evidence of orthopedic disease of the foot. In all limbs, computed tomography was performed in both soft tissue and bone windows; transverse, sagittal and do...
A Warmblood gelding with a grade 3/5 intermitted lameness was presented for nuclear scintigraphic examination, which revealed focal increased uptake at the left proximal metacarpal region (Figure 1 A). Radiographs of this region showed a radiolucent area surrounded by a thin, sclerotic rim. The horse died for reasons unrelated to the lameness. Foll...
Objectives:
Sheep are frequently used as animal models in experimental spinal injury studies. Therefore, extensive knowledge of ovine spinal dimensions is essential for experimental design and interpretation of results obtained in these trials. This study aimed to obtain quantitative morphometrical data of the thoracolumbar dural sac in sheep and...
Scintigraphic examination of the thoracic spine is well documented. However, there is limited information about the effects of time on image quality in the period following injection of radionuclide. This study aimed to determine the optimal time point after injection of (99m)Tc-HDP (hydroxymethylene-diphosphonate) to achieve scintigraphic images w...
Image quality of equine bone scintigrams of the thoracic spine is negatively affected by the continuous, slightly swaying movements of the
standing sedated horse. In this study scintigraphic images of the thoracic spine of horses without (group 1) and with two radioactive markers
(group 2) were investigated. Images were taken two, four and six hour...
Image quality of equine bone scintigrams of the thoracic spine is negatively affected by the continuous, slightly swaying movements of the standing sedated horse. In this study scintigraphic images of the thoracic spine of horses without (group 1) and with two radioactive markers (group 2) were investigated. Images were taken two, four and six hour...
Sheep are commonly used as a model for human spinal orthopaedic research due to their similarity in morphological and biomechanical features. This study aimed to document the volumes of vertebral bodies and compare the generated results as well as morphometry of the sheep lumbar spine to human published data. For this purpose, computed tomography s...
The sheep spine is widely used as a model for preclinical research in human medicine to test new spinal implants and surgical procedures. Therefore, precise morphometric data are needed. The present study aimed to provide computed tomographic (CT) morphometry of sheep thoracolumbar spine. Five adult normal Merino sheep were included in this study....
Congenital duplication anomalies occasionally occur in both humans and animals. Although various forms of classification of these conjoined twins exist, each case should be considered as an individual. In the case study presented a Holstein Frisian calf, born alive after 281 days of normal gravidity was investigated by computed tomography (CT) and...
Both front limbs of 120 horses were investigated with a low-field-strength MRI unit. The findings were classified into grades 1-4. The examined limbs were sound or lame. In this study it was then considered how the distribution of the findings was, taking into account lameness and comparing this to the contralateral limb. Navicular bone findings oc...
The aim of this study to describe age-related changes of the pulp horns in equine upper cheek teeth 07-10 using magnetic resonance tomography (MRI). MRI-pictures of 28 horse skulls of different ages were evaluated retrospectively. The teeth were examined regarding the age-related existence of the common pulp chamber and the size and shape of the pu...
MR-images of the foot region from 240 limbs were assessed and evaluated. All structures were graded from 1-4. Classification criteria based on the range of deviations from physiological findings in accordance to present literature. The results revealed that some of those criteria had to be adjusted in comparison to previous studies in high-field MR...
MR-images of the foot region from 240 limbs were assessed and evaluated. All structures were graded from 1-4. Classification criteria based on the range of deviations from physiological findings in accordance to present literature. The results revealed that some of those criteria had to be adjusted in comparison to previous studies in high-field MR...
The aim of this study to describe age-related changes of the pulp horns in equine upper cheek teeth 07-10 using magnetic resonance tomography (MRI). MRI-pictures of 28 horse skulls of different ages were evaluated retrospectively. The teeth were examined regarding the age-related existence of the common pulp chamber and the size and shape of the pu...
Both front limbs of 120 horses were investigated with a low-field-strength MRI unit. The findings were classified into grades 1-4. The examined limbs were sound or lame. In this study it was then considered how the distribution of the findings was, taking into account lameness and comparing this to the contralateral limb. Navicular bone findings oc...
A retrospective analysis of 619 upper and lower cheek teeth from 62 horses was performed. Based on clinical findings, as well as radiographic and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings, the teeth were classified into five groups. There were 20 teeth with abnormal MR imaging signals as well as clinical alterations and 599 healthy teeth. Using MR i...
Six cadaver pelvic limbs were obtained from clinically sound dromedary camels and examined radiographically and ultrasonographically using a 7.5 MHz convex transducer. Radiographic examination was performed in dorsoplantar, lateromedial, dorsolateral-plantaromedial oblique and plantarolateral-dorsomedial oblique projections, and the bony structures...
Reductions in distances between dorsal spinous processes on radiographs are used as criteria for the diagnosis of impingement of the thoracic dorsal spinous processes in horses but are potentially altered by spine motion and different head and neck positions.
To determine the influence of head and neck positions on intervertebral distances between...
In addition to the conventional occurrence of ethmoid hematomas at the ethmoid bone, they can also be found occasionally within the nasal sinuses. Diagnostics in this region are difficult. The purpose of this study was the description of the MR-appearance of progressive ethmoid hematomas in different locations in three horses. The diagnosis was mad...
The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the dromedary camel tarsus. Six cadaver pelvic limbs, obtained from three clinically and radiographically sound dromedary camels, were scanned in both soft tissue and bone windows starting from the calcaneal tuber towards the proximal metatarsus. Li...
The equine temporomandibular joint is difficult to depict and hence relatively rarely investigated radiologically. Therefore, two different X-ray techniques for depicting the lateral temporomandibular ligament compartments were compared in order to find the simpler and more clear-cut projection. The optical path of the first technique is rostrovent...
A 5-year-old Warmblood mare was presented to the clinic 8 h after being found by the owners with luxation of the second cervical vertebra. Clinically, the horse showed an extended posture and reduced movement of the head and neck. A defined lateral swelling of the neck at the level of the first cervical vertebrae was evident. Successful reduction w...
The extent of fat suppression using short tau inversion recovery (STIR) imaging is variable between horses. Our aim was to determine if patient's age and/or hoof temperature have an influence on the T(1) relaxation time of bone marrow in the equine distal limb, thereby affecting the suppression of fat signal. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducte...
Spondylarthrosis of the cervical articular process joints can lead to compression of the spinal cord and the nerve roots. Affected horses may show neck pain and stiffness as well as ataxia and forelimb lameness. Among other signs, these pathological changes can be identified by the reduction of the intervertebral foramina on radiographs. This study...
Spondylarthrosis of the cervical articular process joints can lead to compression of the spinal cord and the nerve roots. Affected horses may show neck pain and stiffness as well as ataxia and forelimb lameness. Among other signs, these pathological changes can be identified by the reduction of the intervertebral foramina on radiographs. This study...
Equine cheek tooth diseases diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be detected and differentiated in a clinical study with 1 7 diseased horses. These changes were compared with the results which were found in 47 horses without any dental disease. In addition to MRI images, radiographs from all horses were available for evaluation. Norm...
28 cadaver limb segments including the distal radius of 28 orthopedically sound horses of diverse breeds aged from 2 days to 1 7 years were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The limbs were examined in four different sequences (Tl w-SE, T2w-TSE, PD-SE, T2 DESS-GE) and in two planes (sagittal, dorsal). The region of growth with respect to...
The Hemisphere Model is developed to specify directions of head radiographs very precisely even if different radiographic techniques are used. There is an imaginary globe around the head with two perpendicular sections. Two angles or geographic coordinates in these sections are sufficient to describe the direction of an x-ray beam. In this model th...
The interpretation of scintigraphic examination of the equine cervical spine is discussed differently, due to the physiological pattern of radiopharmaceutical uptake particulary with regards to the caudal articular facet joints. A quantification of bone scans and the determination of standard ranges of radiopharmaceutical uptake are of clinical imp...
With 13 figures and 1 table
The aim of the study was to describe the anatomy of the bovine tarsus using magnetic resonance imaging in a low-field scanner. T1-weighted transverse and sagittal images of five isolated hindlimbs were evaluated using a 0.5 Tesla magnet and a knee coil. The MR images were compared to corresponding frozen sections of cada...
Equine cheek tooth diseases diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be detected and differentiated in a clinical study with 17 diseased horses. These changes were compared with the results which were found in 47 horses without any dental disease. In addition to MRI images, radiographs from all horses were available for evaluation. Norma...
28 cadaver limb segments including the distal radius of 28 orthopedically sound horses of diverse breeds aged from 2 days to 17 years were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The limbs were examined in four different sequences (T1w-SE, T2w-TSE, PD-SE, T2 DESS-GE) and in two planes (sagittal, dorsal). The region of growth with respect to t...
The interpretation of scintigraphic examination of the equine cervical spine is discussed differently, due to the physiological pattern ofradiopharmaceutical uptake particulary with regards to the caudal articular facet joints. A quantification of bone scans and the determination of standard ranges of radiopharmaceutical uptake are of clinical impo...
One foot of 203 horses with diagnosed palmar foot pain (digital palmar nerve block and/or distal interphalangeal joint block positive) were examined in a standing position with lowfield MRI. The clinical significance of the MRI findings was evaluated statistically in comparison to the results of the diagnostic anaesthetics and the radiological find...
Scintigraphic examinations were evaluated with the regions of interest technique (ROI) using an objective, numeral uptake ratio to classify horses with and without lameness due to navicular syndrome. In particular the insertion of the deep digital flexor tendon at the pedal bone was another focus of this study. There were 53 horses with already det...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for several years in equine orthopaedics to show soft tissue abnormalities In the foot. Target of this study was to verify signal abnormalities of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in the foot histopathologlcally. The clinical relevance is to define the diagnostic reliability of the MRI in case of...
The purpose of this study was to produce a magnetic resonance image atlas of clinically relevant structures of the splanchnocranium of
horses. The heads of six horses were imaged in transverse, sagittal and dorsal planes, using a high field unit (Magnetom Symphony, Siemens,
Erlangen). Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled using...
The purpose of this study was to produce a magnetic resonance image atlas of clinically relevant structures of the splanchnocranium of horses. The heads of six horses were imaged in transverse, sagittal and dorsal planes, using a high field unit (Magnetom Symphony, Siemens, Erlangen). Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled using...
A 10-year-old Shetland pony mare was presented because of a swelling with a fistula beyond the left eye. There was an obvious exophthalmus. From both nostrils there was mukopurulent discharge. From the left nostril was no airflow detectable and at the right one existed a stridor noise. There was no pupillary or menace response at the left eye anymo...
33 horses displaying lesions in the nose, the sinuses and the surrounding bone structures underwent a MRI examination. The findings were categorized in three groups: tumors, tumor-like lesions and chronic inflammation alterations. The findings in the different groups varied significantly. Most tumors, tumor-like lesions and chronic inflammatory alt...
33 horses displaying lesions in the nose, the sinuses and the surrounding bone structures underwent a MRI examination. The findings were categorized in three groups: tumors, tumor-like lesions and chronic inflammation alterations. The findings in the different groups varied significantly. Most tumors, tumor-like lesions and chronic inflammatory alt...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be very useful in differentiating melanomas from other masses of the equine head in 3 grey horses. The dimensions of the mass can be determined and typical melanoma appearance was recognizable during MRI examination. Shorter T1 and T2 relaxation times were observed in these tumors. All of the melanomas identifie...
Zusammenfassung Durch kernspintomographische Untersuchung von drei Schimmeln mit Umfangsvermehrungen im Kopfbereich konnten Melanome relativ gut abgegrenzt werden. Einerseits ließ sich das Ausmaß der Veränderung ermitteln, andererseits war ein typisches Verhalten des Melanoms auffällig: ein Ansteigen der Signalintensität in T1 gewichteten Sequenzen...
Sonographic examination of the kidneys from 50 cattle was performed transcutaneously and intraoperatively. The objective was to develop and establish the optimal method for intraoperative ultrasonographic evaluation of the bovine kidney and compare this method to the standard transcutaneous technique. The second part of the study involved the abili...
Sonographic examination of the kidneys of 50 cows was performed transcutaneously and intraoperatively. The objective of this study was to develop and establish the ideal method for the intraoperative ultrasonographic evaluation of the bovine kidney and compare this method to the standard transcutaneous technique. The first part of the study compare...
Equine leucosis is a collective category of malignant diseases of hematopoetic tissue. Leucosis presents a diagnostic challenge in the living horse due to the variability in clinical manifestations. This case report involves an 11 month old foal delivered in recumbancy to the Clinic for Large Animal Surgery of the University of Leipzig. The foal ha...
Ultrasonographic evaluation of selected nerves was performed on the limbs of 14 horses of different breeds ranging in age from three to 17 years. This method was considered worthwhile to demonstrate the medial and lateral branches of the palmar digital digital nerves in the region of the pastern joint. The lateral and medial palmar nerves in the fe...
Abdominal adhesions are described as being one of the most common complications following laparotomy in horses with reported incidence lying between 8% and 28%. The aim of this study was to evaluate laparoscopically discernable, intraabdominal adhesions with respect to incidence and location in chronically recurring colic patients which had not und...
Ultrasonography has proven to be very useful for evaluation of the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts in foals and adult horses. Gastric distension, small intestinal ileus, inflammation of the large intestine, right dorsal colitis, intraabdominal masses and neoplasia, intraabdominal abscesses, intussusceptions, ileal muscular hypertrophy, intralum...
