Kensuke Fukushi

The University of Tokyo | Todai · Institute for Future Intiatives

The study evaluates the farmers' choices and adoption of adaptation measures and plans by smallholder farmers to reduce the effects of climate change on their farming activities. We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. We found 66 associated studies to understand...

Indonesia, particularly in the urban area, is prone to extreme events, especially floods. In addition, the duration, frequency, and intensity of such disasters are projected to increase due to the climate change. However, in Indonesia, little is known about the effects of those climate disasters on human health. Given the population’s extremely lim...

An adequate water supply is essential for the continued and sustainable growth of the Balinese economy. In addition to mounting water demand, Bali’s water supply has been constrained by high levels of water pollution. Despite being paid great attention, Bali’s earlier efforts to control water pollution yet to prove effective, mainly owing to their...

Over the last decade, the inevitable rise in temperature has resulted in more extreme heat events in Indonesia, despite very little research being conducted to investigate the heat-related vulnerability of the exposed population. The extreme heat vulnerability index (EHVI) was evaluated in this study to identify the most vulnerable districts to ext...

Nature contributes substantially to human well-being through its diverse material and nonmaterial contributions. However, despite the growing literature on the nonmaterial dimensions of human-nature relations, we lack a systematic understanding of how they are linked with human well-being. Here, we use the concept of cultural ecosystem services (CE...

The newly enacted national water policy is envisioned as ensuring water sustainability in Nepal. Despite theoretical pertinence, questions remain about the effective implementation due to limited studies on key aspects of sustainability, such as water supply and demand, pollution, and impacts of climate change and socio-economic growth. This study...

Climate change and current susceptibilities exacerbated the coastal flood loss and damage resulting in livelihoods and property damage. Urban areas in the Low to Lower-Middle Income Countries are expected to be disproportionately impacted by the disaster, given a higher share of citizens living in the Low Elevation Coastal Zone, limited financial r...

Communities in socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes are aging and depopulating. While longstanding interdependence of humans and nature in such areas holds crucial hints for sustainable development, they continue to be undervalued by existing economic frameworks. We suspect omission of non-material nature’s contributions to people (...

With the mounting pressure of urbanization, how innovative blue-green infrastructure (BGI) can restore the ecosystem services of urban rivers is a timely issue for any densely populated city seeking to improve its resilience and sustainability through ecosystem-based solutions. Yet, the implementation of BGI is not hazard-free. Its success usually...

Even though currently at the growth stage, many developing countries are projected to experience urban shrinkage in the future, which demands long-term actions to improve urban sustainability. The study's objective is to investigate the feasibility of using urban agriculture as an open space management strategy under future shrinking and ageing sce...

Ecosystems contribute significantly to human wellbeing through the provision of ecosystem services. Despite the growing literature on cultural ecosystem services (CES), there is a lack of systematic understanding of how they are linked with human wellbeing. Here we conduct a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to identify the mechanis...

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an approach that can be used to estimate COVID-19 prevalence in the population by detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in wastewater. As the WBE approach uses pooled samples from the study population, it is an inexpensive and non-invasive mass surveillance method compared...

Multifunctionality of urban agriculture can support the resolve of many urban challenges. There-fore, it is vital to understand the contribution of academic studies on urban agriculture practices as scientific information. The present study followed a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA method. Finally, 54 identified articles were anal...

An adequate water supply is essential for the continued and sustainable growth of the Balinese economy. In addition to mounting water demand, Bali’s water supply has been compromised by high levels of water pollution. Despite being paid great attention, Bali’s earlier efforts to control water pollution yet to prove effective, mainly owing to their...

Currently, urban vulnerability has been exposed by catastrophic and unpredictable events which required cities to improve their resilience. Urban farming is promoted as one of the alternative strategies that could improve resilience through community empowerment aligned with re-naturing the environment. This study highlights the role of urban farmi...

Population ageing and shrinking are demographic phenomena with far-reaching implications for sustainability in the current context of extensive and rapid urbanization. This Perspective rationalizes their interface by (a) identifying the challenges and opportunities that ageing and shrinking urban populations will have for implementing the sustainab...

Climate change causing an increase of frequency and magnitude of heat waves has a huge impact on the urban population worldwide. In Indonesia, the Southeast Asian country in the tropical climate zone, the increasing heat wave duration due to climate change will be also magnified by projected rapid urbanization. Therefore, not only climate change mi...

This paper aims to assess the influence of land use and land cover (LULC) indicators and population density on water quality parameters during dry and rainy seasons in a tourism area in Indonesia. This study applies least squares regression (OLS) and Pearson correlation analysis to see the relationship among factors, and all LULC and population den...

A basis of fundamental knowledge of different basic income approaches (BI) is essential to be elaborated for enhancing the prevalent debates on BI as an important solution on social transformation. Aiming to contribute to the current knowledge gaps and future research agendas on BI, this paper elaborates on BI theories and BI empirical cases, linka...

In Medan City, the Indonesian largest urban area in Sumatra Island, the extreme temperature events in the past 30 years have become more frequent. This phenomenon causes potential health thread to rapidly growing urban population. Moreover, the situation is likely to become more severe in the future under urban sprawl and climate change. Accordingl...

This paper provides an extended input–output (IO) model of sectoral water consumption for Bali, a province located in Indonesia that is a well-known global tourist destination. Currently, the province is experiencing water shortages, which leads to a burden and heavy competition in water usage among the various economic sectors. We developed a meth...

Strong wastewater from the animal breeding industry threatens the environmental and human health, while the widely used anaerobic digestion treatment is insufficient. To achieve the reclamation and reuse of the effluent containing an excessively high amount of nutrients (N, P and K) and a certain extent of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), an origin...

The sustainability and efficiency of flood risk management depends on the assessment of flood hazards and on the quantification of flood damage. Under the conditions of climate change and rapid urbanization, the evaluation of flood risk can lead to the success of adaptation strategies. The main objectives of this study are the estimation of future...

Nepal’s efforts to reduce manufacturing-related water pollution have faltered because they rely on traditional methods and regulation. We employed an environmentally extended input–output model to establish direct and indirect relations between water pollution and production in 19 Nepalese manufacturing sectors. We identify which are chief emitters...

Durian peel can be the main contributor to agricultural wastes and becomes an environmental problem when it is discarded into the landfill site or even burning it. The average of entire durian fruit weight is about 255,353 MT for all over the country. The loading rate of landfills is increasing, especially with the massive amount and size of the du...

Despite significant progress over the past decades, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains the poorest and least developed region in the world. High levels of poverty, food insecurity and environmental degradation, as well as low access to infrastructure and low institutional capacity characterize many areas across the continent. There is a consensus amo...

The sustainability challenges that sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces tend to be multidimensional and span multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite the inherent difficulty in solving them, such sustainability challenges also offer opportunities for achieving progress on multiple SDGs. This concluding chapter summarises the main characteri...

The aim of this two-volume book series is to highlight some of the most pervasive sustainability challenges that Sub-Saharan Africa faces. The two volumes contain 20 chapters that illustrate very diverse sustainability challenges throughout the continent, adopting interdisciplinary and problem-oriented research approaches, and methods from the natu...

The aim of this 2-volume book is to highlight how Sustainability Science approaches can help solve some of the pervasive challenges that Africa faces. The volumes collect a number of local case studies throughout Africa that adopt transdisciplinary and problem-oriented research approaches using methodologies from the natural and the social sciences...

Urban farming is recently acknowledged as a strategy with various services in improving cities resilience but facing cons such as land competition and rapid urbanization. The study attempts to inventory available areas for urban farming implementation and estimate the total values with case study in Malang city, Indonesia. The study divided urban f...

Bali has been open to tourism since the beginning of the 20th century and is known as the first tourist destination in Indonesia. The Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, and Tabanan (Sarbagita) areas experience the most rapid growth of tourism activity in Bali. This rapid tourism growth has caused land use and land cover (LULC) to change drastically. This s...

With increasing interest in basic income (BI) in recent years around the world, a precise understanding of public attitudes toward this policy can provide valuable evidence for discussions on its feasibility among scholars and policymakers. This study quantitatively investigates what factors influence public attitudes toward implementing BI, taking...

For countries in Southeast Asia that mainly rely on surface water as their water resource, changes in weather patterns and hydrological systems due to climate change will cause severely decreased water resource availability. Warm weather triggers more water use and exacerbates the extraction of water resources, which will change the operation patte...

In Asia, where rice is a major crop, there is high concern about the detrimental effects of climate change on rice productivity. Evaluating these effects, considering the country-specific cultivars’ responses to climate, is needed to effectively implement the national adaptation plans to maintain food security under climate change. However, to date...

Despite being rich in fresh water resources, water shortage is a major issue in many parts of Nepal. The water use arrangements among various sectors are commonly institutionalized through the agreement between the water use activities, which seems to be more challenging under the changing socio-economic and political situation. The study examined...

Since the 1950s, the Government of India and the States Governments have invested large capitals in rural water supply with very positive outcomes. However, the intensification of industrial and human activities and the rising population growth are increasing competing demands on scarce water resources. While urban centers are coping with water sca...

Due to the rapid increase of land use in the Bali province, it follows that there would be a gradual effect on water quality since it has been widely agreed by the scientific community that there is a significant relationship between land use and water quality. To evaluate this association, this study examined the effect of spatial variation betwee...

Water deficiency poses a severe threat to food security, and it creates an uncertainty that has to be overwhelmed in the process of socio-economic development of India. Therefore, it is needed to adopt water-saving irrigation technologies to avoid water scarcity in the future. This study explores the determinants influencing the adoption of water-s...

Water remains a challenging issue for sustainable development. It remarks as the 6 th goal of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN). UN targeted to increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address water scarcity and substantially reduce the number of pe...

Urban areas are vulnerable to natural disasters and require countermeasures to increase resilience. Cities located along coastal areas and rivers are increasingly facing flood problems. Urbanization in combination with climate change has increased localized torrential rainfall, causing more frequent floods in some areas. Local governments have impl...

Worldwide, scarce freshwater resources are increasingly being used to satisfy the demands of a rapidly increasing population and a growing global economy. One-third of the world’s river basins have reached their capacity for exploitation, and half of the global population is directly affected by water scarcity. Furthermore, the increasing rate of u...

Many discussions have been going on regarding how to create a resilient city or improve the resilience of a city in the changing regional environment. Most of the discussions, however, have been focusing on such issues like energy and resources, and relatively little has focused on the health impact. This chapter summarizes how the regional environ...

Water is a critical element that is needed to create and maintain jobs across all sectors of the country economies. In the Asian perspective, maximum of the industries driving economic growth depend upon a reliable supply of freshwater for large parts of their production processes and whereas, failure to secure an adequate and reliable supply of wa...

Present trends of urbanization are accompanied by increasing demographic and economic shrinkage of rural regions. In countries such as Japan, these rural regions trail behind metropolitan counterparts according to GDP, the conventional measure used to guide governmental policies. Yet, past research suggests that these regions may be undervalued. Fu...

Worldwide more and more freshwater resources are being used to satisfy growing demands of rapidly increasing populations and growing economies. Meanwhile, urban centers in developing countries are suffering from a scarcity of clean water because most domestic wastewater (speculated at more than 80% (WWAP, 2017)) is discharged into oceans, lakes, ri...

Surface water degradation in urban areas is a common problem in many countries, and degradation hampers ecosystem services provided by rivers, having negative impacts on aquatic organisms and human beings. Unpleasant odor arising from impaired rivers causes annoyance to people, and the study quantitatively analyzed unpleasantness of odor in Tokyo t...

Considering the finite volume of fresh water resources, managing its quality and quantity sustainably is one of the greatest challenges because of complex global changes. This work strives to predict the combined effect of urbanization and climate change on water quality in Pasig-Marikina River considering its criticalities to develop proactive pla...

Due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of Hydro-Meteorological disasters, such as floods, are increasing. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to assess tangible future flood damage in the urban watershed of the To Lich River in Hanoi, Vietnam. An approach based on spatial analysis, which requires the integration of several types...

Pharmaceuticals are ubiquitously detected in wastewater and wastewater-impacted waterbodies because they are resistant to bacterial degradation and thus pass through conventional wastewater treatment systems. This raises significant concern about their potential harmful impact on aquatic organisms and even human. Fungal laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) can de...

In Asia, urban water security garners much greater attention than any other water-related issue. This is largely because of deteriorating infrastructure, rising demand for water and sanitation, water pollution, floods, and ineffective decision-making, all of which threaten city residents’ safety and security. This policy brief presents several scie...

This study assessed flood inundation of the Ciliwung River Basin, Greater Jakarta to improve the urban water environment under climate change and unplanned urbanization. The 1-day maximum precipitation data for 50- and 100-year return period under current and future climate conditions were used to assess the impact of climate change. Precipitation...

Modeling insecurity under future climate change and socio-economic development is indispensable for adaptive planning and sustainable management of water resources. This case study strives to assess the water quality and quantity status for both the present and the near future in the Ciliwung River basin inside the Jakarta Province under different...

Water balance under different management scenarios was tested in Deduru Oya reservoir project system, Sri Lanka with focus on Left Bank canal system to address agricultural, energy, and environmental water deficits in all seasons. A conceptual rainfall-runoff model, SimHyd, was employed for modeling discharge into ancient tanks. CropWat model enabl...

Water pollution remains a challenging issue for the sustainable development of Kathmandu Valley despite several infrastructural, awareness-raising and policy measures. The paper assesses the sustainability of the surface water resources of Kathmandu valley by analyzing the water quality parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxyge...

Waterborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are directly transmitted when contaminated water is consumed or contacted. In the flood season, there is a higher risk of infection due to more frequent direct contact with severely polluted water over a longer period. In this chapter, we aim to characterize and quantify the human hea...

The hydrological conditions upstream of the Ciliwung watershed are changing due to climate and land-use changes. Any changes in this area may increase the flood frequencies which may have countless consequences downstream of the watershed where the Jakarta city is located. We simulated the effects of land-use and climate changes on flooding (e.g.,...

This paper critically reviews the multidimensional benefits of ozonation in wastewater treatment plants. These benefits include sludge reduction, removal of emerging trace organic contaminants (TrOC) from wastewater and sludge, and resource recovery from sludge. Literature shows that ozonation leads to sludge solubilisation, reducing overall biomas...

Diarrheal diseases can be transmitted via both primary infection due to exposures to contaminated materials from the environment and secondary infection due to person-to-person contacts. Usually, the importance of secondary infection is empirically assessed by fitting mathematical models to the epidemic curves. However, these empirical models may n...

Currently in many cities and rural areas of Vietnam, wastewater is discharged to the environment without any treatment, which emits considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG), particularly methane. In this study, four GHG emission scenarios were examined, as well as the baseline scenario, in order to verify the potential of GHG reduction from dome...