Kenneth O. St. Louis

West Virginia University | WVU

Unlabelled: This paper summarizes research associated with the development of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S), a survey instrument designed to provide a worldwide standard measure of public attitudes toward stuttering. Pilot studies with early experimental prototypes of the POSHA-S are summarized that relate to q...

Purpose: Attitudes toward stuttering, measured by the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S), are compared among (a) two different representative samples; (b) family generations (children, parents, and either grandparents or uncles and aunts) and neighbors; (c) children, parents, grandparents/adult relatives, and neighbors...

Live oral or recorded video presentations on stuttering were delivered to high school students in order to determine the extent to which their attitudes toward stuttering could be improved. A classroom teacher administered the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) to two health classes before and after an oral live presenta...

The article carefully compares attitudes toward stuttering of Indian teachers, students, and the public. It also compares those results to regional samples and an international database.

Purpose People who stutter experience societal misconceptions and negative stereotypes due to cultural prejudices. The present study aimed to compare attitudes toward stuttering of Indian teachers, students, and members of the public and to further compare their attitudes to comparable samples regionally and internationally. Method Five hundred ei...

Purpose: A growing number of studies have sought to reduce negative public attitudes toward stuttering in pre-test/post-test designs using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S). Most investigations have succeeded in improving attitudes, but about one-third of them have not. A previous companion study showed that interve...

2024). Measuring public attitudes toward stuttering: Test-retest reliability revisited. Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders. 9, 93-104. https://doi.org/10.21849/cacd.2023.01081 93 Original Article Purpose: Previous studies of the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (PO-SHA-S), using test and retest designs in modest-sized...

The POSHA–S/Child Database contains at least 800 child respondents (and one parent for each) from at least 7 countries who filled out the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering/Child (POSHA–S/Child) in at least 7 languages. For comparison purposes, the database also includes responses of nearly 400 adults who filled out the POSHA–S/Ch...

The POSHA–S Database contains more than 25,000 respondents from at least 45 countries who filled out the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S) in at least 30 languages. Additionally, about 2000 respondents who filled out experimental versions of the POSHA–S are included. It is available for download from www.teacherspayteac...

Database of at least 1250 respondents to the Appraisal of the Stuttering Environment (ASE) from at least 8 countries and 6 languages. The ASE is a clinical tool for assessing the stuttering attitudes of friends and family members of stuttering clients. It is available for download from www.teacherspayteachers.com (TPT).

The POSHA-Cl Database contains at least 3000 respondents from 12 countries who filled out the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Cluttering (POSHA–Cl) in at least 10 languages. It is available for download from www.teacherspayteachers.com (TPT).

Purpose This study compared the attitudes toward stuttering among college students in China and the USA using the POSHA-S survey, which assesses knowledge about stuttering and attitudes toward it. We investigated how cultural and social differences between the two groups influenced these attitudes. Methods We collected 199 responses to the POSHA-S...

2024). Mothers' and fathers' attitudes toward stuttering in the Middle East compared to Europe and North America. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 59, 354-368. https://doi.

Some highlights of Ken St. Louis's 50-year career as a person who stutters in speech-language pathology.

Healing and hope in telling and hearing stories of stuttering. Three Invited lectures at Japanese universities to speech-language pathologists, speech-language pathology students, teachers, and others.

Background Parents play a central role in the treatment of childhood stuttering. Addressing parental attitudes toward stuttering is helpful therapeutically. The extent to which differences in attitudes toward stuttering exist on the basis of sex, geographical region and parental status (e.g., parent of a stuttering child, parent of a nonstuttering...

This seminar considers cluttering from three perspectives: its lived experience from a person who clutters, its definition, and its treatment. The first segment will feature a live oral presentation of Edward Semple’s story of cluttering from a first-person perspective, considering childhood, school years, and adulthood. The second section from Ke...

The chapter provides a model for developing interventions to reduces stereotype and stigma regarding stuttering in children and adults who do not stutter. It also summarizes numerous studies that have sought to improve public attitudes toward stuttering.

Primarily, this study explored attitudes toward stuttering of public school teachers in two countries, Bosnia & Herzegovina (B&H) (n = 125) and Egypt (n = 58), in order to identify differences in stuttering attitudes, that may exist between the two samples. Secondarily, it compared teacher attitudes from B&H and Egypt with stuttering attitudes of n...

Purpose This study explored the impact of in-person oral presentations on stuttering as a means of improving attitudes toward stuttering among preservice teachers. The educational intervention was tested under three conditions, which varied according to who presented the information. The research question sought to determine if differences in group...

Purpose This study aims to: (a) measure public attitudes toward stuttering in Malaysia using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attitudes-Stuttering [POSHA-S], (b) determine how reported attitudes and knowledge related to stuttering compare to existing data, and (c) determine whether there are differences between groups for identified variables. M...

Abstract A growing number of studies have sought to reduce negative public attitudes toward stuttering in pre-test/post-test designs using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S). Most investigations have succeeded in improving attitudes, but about one-third of them have not. A previous companion study showed that interve...

Introduction: Research has shown that adults who stutter have reacted with increased skin conduct-ance and lower heart rates when confronted with videos of severe stuttering compared to videos of fluent speech. It has not been clearly established how these physiological indices or autonomic arousals are related to stuttering attitudes. The current...

Introduction: Stuttering is a speech disorder impacts on academic performance, anxiety levels, bullying, employment issues, and family dynamics. Teachers play a critical role in the early identification children with stuttering (CWS). This study aimed to determine the differences in primary school teachers' perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes tow...

Purpose Limited research has shown that knowing or interacting with a person who stutters facilitates more positive attitudes toward stuttering. This is true when the stuttering person is a close friend or a family member. The study sought to determine if Egyptian mothers held different stuttering attitudes than fathers as joint parents of children...

The Appraisal of the Stuttering Environment (ASE) is a new clinical tool to measure stuttering attitudes the client's environment.

The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Cluttering (POSHA–Cl) is an evidence-based survey instrument designed to measure explicit public attitudes toward cluttering.

The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering/Child (POSHA–S/Child) is an evidence-based survey instrument designed to measure children’s attitudes toward stuttering.

The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S) is an evidence-based survey instrument designed to measure explicit public attitudes toward stuttering.

The Self-Awareness of Speech Index (SASI) is a 14-item self-rated paper-and-pencil instrument that includes items of fluency, pitch, and articulation. Its purpose is to measure clients’ or students’ awareness of their own speech and that of others. The SASI asks students or clients to rate their awareness of themselves and others four aspects of fl...

Publikacja Dialog bez barier – kompleksowa interwencja w jąkaniu. Wydanie polskie rozszerzone to podręcznik dla logopedów, studentów logopedii i innych specjalistów zajmujących się jąkaniem. Książka składająca się z 21 rozdziałów jest kompendium wiedzy teoretycznej i praktycznej na temat skutecznej interwencji w jąkaniu. W publikacji znalazły się r...

This material is based on the results of international research conducted among children who stutter, and their parents, using the questionnaire: Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering–Children / Parents (Weidner & St. Louis, 2015). The aim of the studies was to obtain a reliable answer to the following question: “What is and what is not supp...

This material is based on the results of international research conducted among children who stutter, and their parents, using the questionnaire: "Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering–Children / Parents (Weidner & St. Louis, 2015). The aim of the studies was to obtain a reliable answer to the following question: What is and what is not supp...

Niniejszy materiał jest oparty na wynikach międzynarodowych badań naukowych przeprowadzonych wśród jąkających się dzieci i ich rodziców z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza Indywidualna ocena wsparcia w przypadku jąkania – wersja dla dziecka/ dla rodzica (Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering – Children / Parents; Weidner & St. Louis, 2015). Cel...

Informacje zebrane w tej są oparte na wynikach międzynarodowych badań naukowych przeprowadzonych wśród jąkających się dzieci i ich rodziców z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza "Indywidualna ocena wsparcia w przypadku jąkania – wersja dla dziecka/ dla rodzica" (Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering – Children/ Parents; Weidner, St. Louis, 2015)....

Background Negative reactions experienced by people who stutter often stem from unfounded attitudes and beliefs in the community. Purpose There is a need to better understand current public attitudes towards stuttering in Australia. The purpose of this study was to: (a) explore the attitudes and knowledge of a large sample of the Australian public...

Comments from Speech and Language Interviewer from Turkey on being a person who stutters in Turkey

Background Geographical and cultural differences have been shown to affect public attitudes towards stuttering. However, increasingly for many individuals in the world one's birthplace culture (or home culture) and culture in their local geographical environment (or host culture) are not the same. Aims The effects of home culture and host culture...

Purpose Stuttering is a multifactorial speech disorder with significant social and psychological consequences. There is a lack of knowledge about public attitudes towards people who stutter (PWS) and the factors that can determine such attitudes in underprivileged communities. This study aimed to assess the public attitudes in South Egypt towards P...

Purpose This quasi-experimental design study in Poland explored the extent to which attitudes toward cluttering of university students could be changed or improved after a series of activities dedicated to attaining deeper recognition of problems associated with fluency disorders. Method University students were assigned to either an Experimental...

The Inventory of Life Perspectives–Stuttering/Parents (ILP-Stut/Par) instrument is a paper-and-pencil instrument to assess the quality of life of your young stuttering students or clients using a parent’s report.

The Inventory of Life Perspectives–Stuttering/Self–Recollections (ILP–Stut/Self–Recoll) instrument is a paper-and-pencil instrument to assess the quality of life of stuttering clients at one or more times in the past.

The Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering–Adult (PASS–Ad) provides an alternative to relying on a speculative list of DOs and DON’Ts for interacting with stutterers. It is a comprehensive rating scale for the degree of support stuttering adolescents and adults have experienced or would like to experience from others in their lives.

The Inventory of Life Perspectives–Stuttering/Self (ILP–Stut/Self) is a paper-and-pencil instrument to assess the quality of life of adults who stutter and those stuttering children older than 9 years.

This book is a guide and manual for leaders of adult stuttering support groups or group therapy. It begins with duties, responsibilities, and rewards of leading support groups along with nuts and bolts of how to organize and maintain a group. The bulk of the book, however, provides 111 different actual "lesson plans" for stuttering groups, covering...

This is a completely revised and updated book addressed to those who stutter, after the first edition in 2001. The 2nd edition contains numerous new stories from people who stutter or parents of children with stuttering, including several from Turkey. These are followed by an updated chapter, "Stuttering 101: Basics" telling what is currently known...

Purpose Extensive research on public attitudes has documented stigma toward stuttering, obesity, and mental illness; however, most studies have focused on only one of these conditions. This study sought to compare public attitudes toward stuttering, obesity, and mental illness as well as to identify the predictive potential of four ratings relating...

Purpose: A growing body of research has addressed children’s stuttering attitudes between preschool and upper elementary school. Attitudes among preschoolers and kindergarteners have been reported to be much lower that fifth graders’ attitudes, at which time children’s attitudes seemingly converge with their parents’ attitudes. It has been suggeste...

Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) anecdotally report concern that their interactions with a child who stutters, including even the use of the term “stuttering,” might contribute to negative affective, behavioral, and cognitive consequences. This study investigated SLPs' comfort in providing a diagnosis of “stuttering” to children's parent...

Introduction: Public attitudes towards stuttering have been shown to reflect negative stereotypes and stigma around the world, and especially so in several Middle Eastern studies. Nevertheless, attitudes of nonstuttering individuals who are close friends with – or related to – a person who stutters have been shown to be more positive than the publi...

Sukces w terapii jąkania-czym jest i jak go osiągnąć-opinie "podwójnych ekspertów" [Success in stuttering therapy-what is it and how to achieve it-opinions of 'double experts']. In K. Węsierska & M. Witkowski, Eds. Zaburzenia płynności mowy-teoria i praktyka, tom 2 [Fluency Disorders: Theory and Practice, Vol. 2]. Katowice, Poland: University of Si...

Responses from samples of adults who stutter in four countries (Poland, Lebanon, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic) were compared to published results from a similar sample from the USA. On the Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering-Adult (PASS-Ad), respondents rated the support they had received or preferred for their stuttering. Perceived su...

Background The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering/Child (POSHA-S/Child; Weidner & St. Louis, 2014) is a standard instrument designed to measure the attitudes of children as young as 3 years of age toward stuttering. With preschool and early elementary school–aged children, the POSHA-S/Child is administered individually and face-to...

Background: Against the backdrop of hundreds of studies documenting negative stereotypes and stigma held by the public regarding people who stutter, a substantial number of investigations have attempted to improve public attitudes and measure their results with a standard instrument, the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S...

Poster presented at the 2019 ASHA Convention

Our paper, describes the results of a multi-country survey of what adults who stutter have experienced and want to experience in the way of support by family, friends, colleagues, and others who do not stutter. The results are illustrated on a poster, could be translated from English into other languages, and offers convenient and broad disseminati...

Responses from samples of adults who stutter in four countries (Poland, Lebanon, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic) were compared to published results from a similar sample from the USA. On the Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering-Adult (PASS-Ad), respondents rated the support they had received or preferred for their stuttering. Perceived su...

Responses from samples of adults who stutter in four countries (Poland, Lebanon, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic) were compared to published results from a similar sample from the USA. On the Personal Appraisal of Support for Stuttering-Adult (PASS-Ad), respondents rated the support they had received or preferred for their stuttering. Perceived su...

Purpose: (1) To survey the employed techniques and the reasons/occasions which adults who had recovered from stuttering after age 11 without previous treatment reported as causal to overcome stuttering, (2) to investigate whether the techniques and causal attributions can be reduced to coherent (inherently consistent) dimensions, and (3) whether th...

This 2½-day workshop will provide a summary of current strategies for managing fluency disorders, with emphasis on stuttering but important considerations for cluttering. From the perspective that no one approach to therapy is best for every stuttering or cluttering client, the workshop will begin with an overview of a comprehensive evaluation that...

Objectives: The current study explored the attitudes of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year students in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) toward stuttering and people who stutter (PWS). Methods: All students in the CSD program from each year level at JUST were invited to participate in the curr...

Objectives: The current study explored the attitudes of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th year students in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) at Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) toward stuttering and people who stutter (PWS). Methods: All students in the CSD program from each year level at JUST were invited to participate in the curr...

Background: Theories relating to young children's social cognitive maturity and their prevailing social groups play important roles in the acquisition of attitudes. Previous research has shown that preschool and kindergarten children's stuttering attitudes are characterized by stronger negative beliefs and self reactions than those of parents. By...

Parents often report many concerns for their children as they begin to stutter and as stuttering becomes more chronic. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceptions that parents have regarding the impact of stuttering on life experiences. Parents in this study reported many impacts of stuttering on their children.

Purpose: This quasi-experimental design study in Poland evaluated the effects of a course on stuttering for university students and the effects of an educational workshop for public school teachers, both interventions designed to improve attitudes toward stuttering. Method: Participants (132 in-service teachers and 75 university students) comple...

Purpose: Negative or uninformed stuttering attitudes proliferate among the general public, and bourgeoning research has shown that such attitudes might emerge as early as the preschool years. Much remains unknown about young children's stuttering attitudes, and conclusive recommendations to improve attitudes toward stuttering have yet to be advanc...

Purpose: This study sought to determine the extent to which experimentally induced positive attitudes in high school students in a previous investigation were maintained 7 years later. Method: Authors and assistants recruited 36 adults in their early 20s (Follow-up group) who, in high school, had witnessed either a live oral talk by a person who...

The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering/Child (POSHA–S/Child) was developed to measure attitudes of young nonstuttering children toward stuttering. Initial studies with the instrument have shown promise in its ability to do so. The purpose of this study was to estimate the test-retest reliability of the POSHA–S/Child. From one scho...

This study compared attitudes toward stuttering and cluttering among speech-language pathology (SLP) students before training in fluency disorders with education students and the general public in Russia using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes (POSHA). Attitudes toward cluttering were similar to stuttering attitudes; however, cluttering...

The purpose of this study was to explore the life experiences, beliefs, and reactions of adults who stutter regarding stuttering. Participants completed a structured interview, as well as the Inventory of Life Experiences with Stuttering (ILP-S). Data collection for the study has been completed, and initial findings suggest that stuttering has a ne...

Purpose: While many resources, particularly those available on the Internet, provide suggestions for fluent speakers as they interact with people who stutter (PWS), little evidence exists to support these suggestions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to document the supportiveness of common public reactions, behaviors, or interventions to stutt...

Background and objectives Extensive research documents ubiquitous negative attitudes towards stuttering, but when and how they develop is unclear. This non-experimental, comparative study examined US and Turkish preschoolers to explore the origin of stuttering attitudes cross-culturally. Method The authors compared stuttering attitudes of 28 US an...

Background: Negative public attitudes toward stuttering have been widely reported, although differences among countries and regions exist. Clear reasons for these differences remain obscure. Purpose: Published research is unavailable on public attitudes toward stuttering in Portugal as well as a representative sample that explores stuttering att...

Reference Buchta, R., Węsierska, K., & St. Louis, K. (2016. August). Attitudes toward stuttering in Poland: Preliminary results from a POSHA-S study among Catholic priests, religious education teachers, seminary students, and religious education students [Postawy wobec jąkania w Polsce-wstępne wyniki badań z użyciem POSHA-S wśród księży katolickich...

People who stutter often experience negative social and economic consequences. In order to help reduce the stigma associated with stuttering, we must first examine current attitudes of members of the general public toward this fluency disorder. While numerous investigations have previously delineated public attitudes toward stuttering among several...