Kenneth William Hinchcliff

University of Melbourne | MSD · Trinity College and the Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences

Background Published studies of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), when assessed individually, often provide equivocal or conflicting results. Systematic reviews aggregate evidence from individual studies to provide a global assessment of the quality of evidence and to inform recommendations.Objectives Evaluate evidence to determine: if...

Reasons for performing the studyFurosemide is the most commonly used medication for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH), however, critical evaluation of the strength of evidence for efficacy of furosemide is lacking and is warranted so that evidence based treatment decisions can be made.Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of furosemide to...

Reasons for performing study: Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) occurs commonly in Thoroughbred racehorses worldwide. While EIPH is believed to be an important cause of impaired performance in these horses, there is limited evidence from sufficiently powered studies to evaluate this association. Objectives: To evaluate whether EIPH i...

Prolonged submaximal exercise relies on the steady delivery of oxidizable substrates to the working muscle, with the sources of those substrates either stored reserves or food absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract during exercise. Fat oxidation could be advantageous for this type of exercise because of potentially greater reserves, but recent st...

Background: The diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) relies heavily on the clinical examination. The accurate identification of neurologic signs during a clinical examination is critical to the interpretation of laboratory results. Objective: To investigate the level of agreement between board-certified veterinary internists whe...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.14732/epdf

Good communication skills are an important entry-level attribute of graduates of professional degrees. The inclusion of communication training within the curriculum can be problematic, particularly in programs with a high content load, such as veterinary science. This study examined the differences between the perceptions of students and qualified...

Spontaneous hyperlipidemia in rats causes glomerular disease. Idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is prevalent in Miniature Schnauzers, but its relationship with proteinuria is unknown. Decreased activity of major lipid metabolism enzymes, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), may play a role in the cyclic relationship between hyperli...

This is the only comprehensive book on sled dog veterinary medicine available and a must read for all involved in mushing. Topics covered include unique features of the racing sled dog, nutrition, general and orthopedic examination, specific diseases and traditional treatment, alternative treatment approaches, drugs and toxicities, practical tips a...

Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is an important disease of horses that perform high-intensity athletic activity. EIPH is an ongoing concern for the racing industry because of its high prevalence; potential impact on performance; welfare concerns; and use of prophylactic medications, such as furosemide, on race day. During the last 10 y...

See article by Preston et al. and also response by Preston and Riggs. © 2015 EVJ Ltd.

The Alaskan Husky has been specifically bred for endurance performance and is capable of extreme endurance performance. We examined sled dogs in the trained state at the beginning of the race season and after a 1600 km race (Iditarod). Our hypothesis was that lipids would be the predominant substrate during submaximal exercise in long-distance raci...

IntroductionIn theory, splenic reserve mobilization should elicit a cardiopulmonary baroreceptor mediated neuroendocrine response (the Gauer-Henry reflex).Six intact (IN) and 5 (SP) splenectomized Standardbred mares (421–491 kg, ∼9 yr) performed 10 min of treadmill exercise (80% VO2max) to test the hypothesis that hemodynamic and endocrine response...

Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) is associated with impaired short term performance but the consequences to the long term performance of Thoroughbred racehorses are unknown.The relationship between EIPH and long term performance has not been investigated. To determine the relationship between EIPH detected on a single occasion and long...

This unique resource provides the most up-to-date, in-depth coverage of the basic and clinical sciences required for management of the equine athlete. The unique treatment of exercise physiology and training within a clinical context, together with a detailed review of all diseases affecting athletic horses, makes this the most comprehensive text a...

To determine whether body position (standing vs right lateral recumbency) altered the quality of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and value of ECG variables in dogs when the ECG was recorded using American Heart Association guidelines for frequency response. Crossover study using a convenience sample. ECGs were recorded twice in 65 sled dogs in random o...

Objective: To determine whether there is evidence of myocardial injury in horses with acute abdominal disease. Design: Prospective case series. Animals: 18 healthy horses and 69 horses with acute abdominal disease. Procedures: 18 healthy horses had been admitted to the hospital for investigation and were assigned to group 1. Horses examined...

To measure the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration in horses and determine whether it could be used in the diagnosis of myocardial disease, as well as determining the association between cTnI and survival. Prospective, observational study. Physical examination, echocardiography, telemetric electrocardiography and postmortem were used to diagnos...

Risk factors for occult exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) are poorly defined or quantified. To investigate the importance of putative risk factors for EIPH amongst Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia. Tracheobronchoscopy was used to determine EIPH status of 744 Thoroughbred racehorses after flat racing in Melbourne, Australia. Horses w...

Insulin resistance has been associated with risk of laminitis in horses. Genes coding for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are expressed more in visceral adipose tissue than in subcutaneous adipose tissue of insulin-resistant (IR) humans and rodents. To investigate adipose depot-specific cytokine and chemokine gene expression in horses and...

Several body systems make critical contributions to the defence of blood volume, mean arterial pressure and plasma tonicity. These mechanisms ensure adequate blood flow to the working muscles and vital tissues along with the provision of adequate fluid volume for sweating and thermoregulation. The present paper integrates data from several recent s...

The main purpose of this study was to describe the effect of glucose infusion on selected physiological variables and on the duration of treadmill exercise to fatigue. Six, 3–4 year old, clinically normal, Standardbred fillies were used in a randomised and balanced crossover design. The treatments were either an infusion of glucose (an initial bolu...

Frusemide is administered to large numbers of North American racehorses because of its putative prophylactic effect on exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). Two issues central to the use of frusemide in performance horses remain to be resolved: 1) Does frusemide reduce the incidence or severity of EIPH? and 2) does frusemide alter athletic...

The present study tested the hypothesis that lactate concentration ([La− ]) would differ between sample sites and between assay techniques that used different analytical substrates. Six clinically normal adult (two Thoroughbreds, three Standardbreds and one Quarter Horse) mares weighing between 435 and 560 kg were used in the study. Each mare perfo...

Serum immunoglobulin dynamics have not been studied in racing sled dogs, despite hypoglobulinemia having been reported during racing events. Hypoglobulinemia in racing sled dogs is associated with decreases in serum IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM concentrations during prolonged exercise. One hundred and fifty-seven Alaskan sled dogs that successfully compl...

To evaluate the efficacy of furosemide for prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in Thoroughbred racehorses under typical racing conditions. Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover field trial. 167 Thoroughbred racehorses. Horses were allocated to race fields of 9 to 16 horses each and raced twice, 1 week apart, with...

Muscle responses to exercise are complex and include acute responses to exercise-induced injury, as well as longer term adaptive training responses. Using Alaskan sled dogs as an experimental model, changes in muscle gene expression were analyzed to test the hypotheses that important regulatory elements of the muscle's adaptation to exercise could...

Increased doses of detomidine are required to produce sedation in horses after maximal exercise compared to calm or resting horses. To determine if the pharmacokinetics of detomidine in Thoroughbred horses are different when the drug is given during recuperation from a brief period of maximal exercise compared to administration at rest. Six Thoroug...

To assess changes in muscle glycogen (MG) and triglyceride (MT) concentrations in aerobically conditioned sled dogs during prolonged exercise. 54 Alaskan sled dogs fed a high-fat diet. 48 dogs ran 140-km distances on 4 consecutive days (cumulative distance, up to 560 km); 6 dogs remained as nonexercising control animals. Muscle biopsies were perfor...

Objective: Glucose metabolism is often deranged in septic animals. Bacteremia and sepsis are common in foals and clinical experience suggests that glucose metabolism is abnormal in some of these animals. The purpose of this study was to provide initial estimates of rates of glucose appearance, disappearance, and metabolic clearance rate in septic f...

Medical records of 101 blood culture-confirmed bacteremic foals were reviewed to determine whether foals with Actinobacillus sp. bacteremia are affected at an earlier age, have more severe signs of disease, and have a worse prognosis than do foals with bacteremia of other causes. Thirty percent (30/101) of bacteremic foals had Actinobacillus sp. cu...

To determine serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type II (CAV-2), and canine parvovirus (CPV) in trained sled dogs prior to and after completion of a long-distance race. Prospective cohort study. 195 Alaskan sled dogs (from 18 kennels) that participated in the 2006 Iditarod Trail Race. All 1,323 dogs partic...

To examine acid-base and hormonal abnormalities in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Cross-sectional study. 48 dogs with diabetes mellitus and 17 healthy dogs. Blood was collected and serum ketone, glucose, lactate, electrolytes, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, nonesterified fatty acid, and triglyceride concentrations were meas...

To determine the effects of training and sustained submaximal exercise on hematologic values in racing sled dogs. Cohort study. 39 Alaskan sled dogs bred for endurance racing. Procedures-Blood samples were collected prior to initiation of a 7-month training regimen (n=39), after completion of the training regimen (19), and after completion of an 1,...

The medical records from 9 consecutive miniature horses (n = 5) and miniature donkeys (n = 4) with hyperlipemia (serum triglyceride concentration > 500 mg/dL) were reviewed. In all cases, hyperlipemia was a secondary complication of a primary systemic disease including septicemia, colitis, parasitism, esophageal obstruction, gastric impaction and r...

Equine Exercise Physiology provides the most up-to-date, in-depth coverage of the basic sciences required for an understanding of the physiology of the equine athlete. This book provides a thorough grounding in the basic physiology of each body system and in particular the responses of each body system to exercise and training. It is the ideal reso...

An optimally functional musculoskeletal system is crucial for athletic performance and even minor perturbations can limit athletic ability. The introduction of the muscle biopsy technique in the 1970s created a window of opportunity to examine the form and function of equine skeletal muscle. Muscle histochemical and biochemical analyses have allowe...

To determine clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities in horses administered a blood transfusion and evaluate effects of blood transfusion on these variables. Retrospective case series. 31 adult horses that received > or = 1 blood transfusion. Procedures-Medical records of horses receiving a blood transfusion were reviewed to obtain clinical fi...

To determine the impact of successive days of endurance exercise on select serum chemistry values in conditioned Alaskan sled dogs. Prospective cohort study. 10 conditioned Alaskan sled dogs. All dogs ran 160 km/d for 5 consecutive days. Serum was obtained prior to exercise and immediately after each exercise run; all samples were obtained before d...

To determine whether prolonged exercise by conditioned sled dogs affects urine concentrations of homovanillic acid (a metabolite of dopamine), vanillylmandelic acid (a metabolite of norepinephrine and epinephrine), and cortisol. 24 conditioned Alaskan sled dogs (2 to 8.5 years old) that were in training for a multiday endurance race. Voided urine s...

There is no evidence that use of oral electrolyte pastes enhances performance in competing endurance horses. To ascertain whether oral administration of a high dose (HD) of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) to endurance horses would differentially increase water intake, attenuate bodyweight (bwt) loss and improve performance when...

Exercise depletes muscle glycogen stores, which could subsequently impair performance. Muscle glycogen replenishment is determined by substrate availability. To study the effects of feeding meals of varying glycaemic responses on blood concentrations of substrates used for glycogenesis in horses with exercise-induced glycogen depletion. In a 3-way...

Alterations in the appearance and function of gastrointestinal mucosa are common after strenuous exercise. However, the duration of exercise required to alter the gastrointestinal mucosa has not been reported. We used 42 sled dogs to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of exercise-induced gastrointestinal mucosal dysfunction is related to exerci...