Kennedy Chah

University of Nigeria | UNN · Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology

Haemo-biochemical profile of small ruminants (SR) within the age range of 12-18 months exhibiting clinical signs suggestive of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) (n=80) and apparently healthy ones (n=20) was studied. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from the SR displaying a combination of the following clinical signs: nasal and ocular discharges,...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest global health challenges. Reliable monitoring of AMR in bacteria in food animals is critical in order to devise mitigation strategies and empiric treatment of infections associated with the organisms. The aim of this study was to isolate sorbitol non-fermenting (SN-F) Escherichia coli from food...

The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is reducing therapeutic options for livestock and human health, with a paucity of information globally. To fill this gap, a One-Health approach was taken by sampling livestock on farms (n = 52), abattoir (n = 8), and animal markets (n = 10), and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Extended...

Infertility is a major constrain to a successful dog breeding in many developing countries like Nigeria. The aim of this study therefore, was to establish the aerobic microflora of the vagina of Nigerian bitches. Bacteria were isolated and characterized including susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobials. A total of 169 bacteria were isolated;...

This study was conducted to determine whether there exists the presence of plasmid from Salmonella isolated from poultry farms in Abia and Imo states southeast Nigeria. Forty Salmonella isolates were used for the study. The alkaline phosphate method of Birnboin and Doly was employed. Three buffers A, B and C made up of different concentrations and...

Colonization of chicken gut by pathogenic Escherichia coli harboring mobile colistin resistance (mcr-1) gene is a huge public and animal health risk. This study was undertaken to evaluate colistin (COL) resistance transfer potentials and pathogenicity of mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates from chickens in Southeastern Nigeria (SEN). In vitro mcr-1/COL...

This study examined the knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic use among small-scale poultry farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 88 poultry farmers. The interview schedule was used for data collection. Respondents’ indices of knowledge of antibiotic use (KABU), antibiotic resistance (KABR) a...

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is the aetiologic agent of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), an important viral disease of sheep and goats. PPR is endemic in Nigeria and leads to social and economic losses. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PPR infection and genetically characterize PPRV strains obtained from sh...

This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the common Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) contaminating veterinary clinic environments, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the isolates to commonly used antibiotics and biocides. A total of 62 swab samples were collected from different frequently touched surfaces in the 4 veterinary clinics v...

Understanding the sources, prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of mcr gene-harbouring bacteria (MGHB) in the poultry sector is crucial to supplement existing information. Through this, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) could be tackled to improve food safety and reduce public health risks. Therefore, we conducted a li...

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health problem and a threat to effective treatment and prevention of an array of infections caused by bacteria. Africa is already faced with many socioeconomic and health crises. Many countries in Africa can seldom boast of a standardized health care facility comparable to those in developed countries. Y...

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health problem and a threat to effective treatment and prevention of an array of infections caused by bacteria. Africa is already faced with many socioeconomic and health crises. Many countries in Africa can seldom boast of a standardized health care facility comparable to those in developed countries. Y...

Synergistic interaction of adsorbents in reducing the adverse impacts of mycotoxin on performance and proximate composition of broiler feeds was investigated. Fungal growth was induced by sprinkling water on the feed. S. cerevisiae + bentonite, kaolin + bentonite or S. cerevisiea + kaolin adsorbent combinations (1.5 g/kg feed) were added and the fe...

Background The resistance to colistin mediated by mobile elements had a broad impact worldwide. There is an intensified call for epidemiological surveillance of mcr in different reservoirs to preserve colistin for future generations. In Nigeria, the poultry industry is a key livestock sector. This study was undertaken to screen putative colistin-re...

Background: Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is the aetiologic agent of a relevant viral disease of sheep and goats, the Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). As in most West African countries, PPR is endemic in Nigeria and leads to social and economic losses; however, there are limited genetic analyses on circulating PPRV strains. Aim: The obj...

The spread of cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) Enterobacteriaceae in food animals constitutes a serious public health risk especially to humans in close proximity. We determined the point prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of CTX-R Enterobacteriaceae among food animals and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. A total of 1,440 animals (c...

The mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene threatens the efficacy of colistin (COL), a last-line antibiotic used in treating deadly infections. For more than six decades, COL is used in livestock around the globe, including Africa. The use of critically important antimicrobial agents, like COL, is largely unregulated in Africa, and many other factor...

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study wer...

Thirty-five Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the liver, spleen and intestines of 180 frugivorous and insectivorous bats were investigated for antimicrobial resistance phenotypes/genotypes, prevalence of Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production, virulence gene detection and molecular typing. Eight 8 (22.9%) of the isolates were mult...

Purpose: To evaluate the disposition kinetics of ceftriaxone (CFZ) in dogs with a view to determining its therapeutic dose and dosing frequency.Methods: Twelve (12) Basenji dogs (n = 4), divided into 3 groups (A, B and C), were used for the study. Ceftriaxone was administered intramuscularly at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg once to groups A, B an...

Background and Aim: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, extremely contagious transboundary viral disease of small ruminants with severe economic consequences, caused by PPR virus. Cost-effective and rapid diagnosis of the disease is essential for prompt management and control. This study aimed to compare the application of a commercial co...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, trans-boundary viral disease of sheep and goats that have hindered successful small ruminant farming. Its current status in South East Nigeria with respect to its prevalence and farmers’ awareness was studied. Three states, Anambra, Ebonyi, and Enugu, were randomly selected for the study. Ser...

Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains have been associated with various disease conditions in avian species due to virulence attributes associated with the organism. Aims: This study was carried out to determine the in vitro pathogenic characteristics and virulence encoding genes found in E. coli strains associated with co...

Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antimicrobial agents used to treat infections caused by microbial pathogens especially those resistant to other classes of antimicrobial drugs. The introduction of fluoroquinolones into veterinary therapy has been accompanied by an increase in resistance. Salmonella represents a challenge in modern animal product...

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in food animals, associated products, and their zoonotic potential in Nigeria are poorly understood. This study aimed to provide data on the prevalence, genetic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and persons in contact with the carcasses at sla...

Background: Emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria has become one of the greatest global public health challenges, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the most relevant mechanisms. The role of food-producing and companion animals as reservoirs of these resistant bacteria is well documented. However, the role of w...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains one of the commonest clinical problems presenting to medical practitioners. UTIs are frequently treated with antibiotics, which has exacerbated the emergence of resistant strains among uropathogens. Consequently, there is increasing interest in the development of safe alternatives to antibiotics. The use of pro...

Dermatomycoses, often caused by both dermatophytic and non dermatophytic fungi, affect the epidermis, nail, and hair. There is an increase in antifungal resistance against antimycotics of many dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes, and this has posed a serious global challenge. Therefore, the search for effective and easily consumable new substances...

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Preliminary Antimicrobial Studies of Mn(II) and Cu(II) Complexes of two Thiolates; S,S' -(2,6-Diaminopyridine-3,5-diyl) Dibenzenecarbothioate (DBCT) and S-Benzyl Dibenzenecarbothioate (BBCT)

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Preliminary Antimicrobial Studies of Mn(II) and Cu(II) Complexes of two Thiolates; S,S'-(2,6-Diaminopyridine-3,5-diyl) Dibenzenecarbothiaote (DBCT) and S-Benzyl Benzenecarbothiaote (BBCT)

Salmonellosis is a serious medical and veterinary problem worldwide and causes great concern in the food and livestock industries, especially the poultry industry which occupies a prominent position in the provision of animal protein and accounts for about 25% of local meat production in Nigeria par

Aim: An epidemiological surveillance for Staphylococci contamination of ready-to-eat (RTE) meats from Enugu State, Nigeria, was carried out to determine the prevalence, species distribution, toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the organisms and hence the microbiological and toxicological safety of the meats. Materials a...

Oral fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine is necessary for improved flock vaccinations and economic growth. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immune responses of birds given oral fowl typhoid vaccine coated with chitosan/alginate microparticles and comparing it with the conventional subcutaneous route of administration. Preliminary studies were done t...

OBJECTIVE: To screen chickens and pigs slaughtered for human consumption for presence and characteristics of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC (pAmpC) beta-lactamase-producing enteric bacteria. METHODS: Faecal samples from 410 broiler chickens and 100 pigs were cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with 2μg/ml cefotaxime...

Objective: To screen chickens and pigs slaughtered for human consumption for presence and characteristics of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC (pAmpC) beta-lactamase-producing enteric bacteria. Methods: Faecal samples from 410 broiler chickens and 100 pigs were cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with 2μg/ml cefotaxi...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biovars of Salmonella that are found in poultry farms in Abia and Imo States, southeastern Nigeria. Forty Salmonella isolates obtained from previous study were subjected to molecular identification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Salmonella universal and species specific primers. Six differen...

The study was conducted at Obollo-Afor horse market to determine the occurrence and the antifungal susceptibility profile of mycotic agents in skin lesions of trade horses. The samples were collected by plucking the hair and scraping the epidermal scales using sterile scapel blades. Each sample was planted onto the surface of Sabouraud dextrose aga...

Imprudent administration of antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals can facilitate the development and spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and also enhance the occurrence of antimicrobial residue in animal products. This study was undertaken to assess antimicrobial drug administration to food animals in livestock farms in Enugu State...

Variety of biological products has been applied to stimulate biologic factors and promote osteogenesis. In spite of this, surgeons are still facing challenges relating to fracture healing. The methods of preparation of these biologic factors influence their efficacy and should be evaluated and understood prior to their use in clinical trials. The u...

AIM: An epidemiological surveillance for staphylococci contamination of ready-to-eat meats from Enugu State, Nigeria was carried out to determine the prevalence, species distribution, toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the Staphylococcus contaminants; in order to establish whether the meats pose significant public healt...

Twenty-six lactose non-fermenting, oxidase, urease and citrate-positive Gram-negative rods, isolated from broiler chickens, pigs and cattle at slaughter, were subjected to the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing for identification. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials was determined by...

Objective: To ascertain the helminth profile of Lemniscomys striatus (L. striatus) and Cricetomys gambianus (C. gambianus) in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria, and their zoonotic potentials and public health risk. Methods: A total of 63 rodents were captured during the study period, of which 54 (85.7%) were L. striatus and 9 (14.3%) were C. gambianus....

Pneumonia occurs in all ages of sheep and goats, in all breeds, in every country of the world causing heavy economic losses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pneumonia and aerobic bacteria flora associated with it in small ruminants slaughtered at the Nsukka abattoir. Pneumonic lung of small ruminants were examined for gross...

Infectious bursal disease [IBD], an economically important disease of poultry worldwide has been reported to be endemic in Nigeria. High sero-prevalence rates have been reported among indigenous village chickens. This study investigated IBD sero-prevalence in broilers kept for a short average period of 2 months in rural areas. A total of 560 serum...

Objective: This study was carried out to assess the pathogenicity of local isolates of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and M. arginini in West African dwarf goats (kids) in Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 22 goats aged less than 1-year were purchased from markets. The goats were divided into six groups comprising of four experimental groups (E...

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of aerobic bacterial organisms from environmental surfaces in veterinary clinics in Enugu State, Southeast, Nigeria. Surface swabs of some equipment and floors in some units were collected from 4 selected veterinary clinics consisting 3 government-owned clinics a...

Antibacterial resistance (AR) is currently one of the greatest threats to mankind as it constitutes health crisis. Extensive use of antibacterial agents in human and veterinary medicine, and farm crops have resulted in emergence of antibacterial-resistant organisms in different environmental settings including aquaculture. Antibacterial resistance...

Antibacterial resistance (AR) is currently one of the greatest threats to mankind as it constitutes health crisis. Extensive use of antibacterial agents in human and veterinary medicine, and farm crops have resulted in emergence of antibacterial-resistant organisms in different environmental settings including aquaculture. Antibacterial resistance...

This study was conducted to determine the species distribution, antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes and virulence traits of mannitol-positive methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolated from pigs in Nsukka agricultural zone, Nigeria. Twenty mannitol-positive methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcal (MRCoNS) strains h...

Variety of products and surgical approaches to stimulate biologic factors and promote osteogenesis have been developed over the years, but surgeons still face challenges relating to bone healing. This study was designed to evaluate the histopathologic effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma and cancellous bone grafts on caudolateral ulna ostecto...

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of motile Aeromonas species (MAS) to induce skin lesions and cause mortality in African catfish (ACF). Eight motile Aeromonas isolates (A. hydrophila – 4 isolates, A. caviae – 2 isolates and A. sobria – 2 isolates) were used for the study. Ninety apparentlyhealthy ACF juveniles were randomly assigned...

Aerobic bacteria associated with skin lesions in African catfish cultured in Southeast, Nigeria has not been documented. This study was conducted to identify aerobic bacteria associated with skin lesions of African catfish reared in Southeast Nigeria and to determine the antibiogram of the bacterial isolates. Scrapings from skin lesions of 129 fish...

The owner of an intensively reared pig farm in Nsukka, SouthEast Nigeria reported the deaths (within one week) of 90 piglets (2-3 months of age) out of 150 piglets on the farm. The piglets were being fed home-compounded ration composed of spent grain (which appeared moldy) and other locally sourced materials. Clinical signs observed in affected pig...

The indicative prevalence of respiratory Mycoplasma species in small ruminants (SR) was determined in North-central Nigeria. Nasal swabs from 172 sheep and 336 goats from the Northeast, Northwest and South Senatorial Districts of Benue State were examined. Initial Mycoplasma isolation used Mycoplasma culture techniques followed by digitonin sensiti...

The occurrence, resistance phenotype and molecular mechanisms of resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from groin swabs of 109 clinically healthy dogs in Nsukka, Nigeria were investigated. The groin swab samples were cultured on mannitol salt agar supplemented with 10 μg of cloxacillin. Sixteen methicillin-resistant coagulase negative s...

This study was conducted to assess the pathogenic potential of exfoliative toxin gene-positive Staphylococcus sciuri. Twenty eight eight weeks-old mice were used for the study. The animals were randomly assigned into four groups of 7 mice per group. Groups 1 and 2 were infected with 1 × 10 8 colony-forming unit (cfu)/ml of the organism intraperiton...

IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-ISSN: 2319-2380, p-ISSN: 2319-2372. Volume 7, Issue 4 Ver. I (Apr. 2014), PP 104-108 www.iosrjournals.org www.iosrjournals.org 104 | Page Recurring Outbreaks of Fowl Pox in a Poultry Farm in Nsukka, Southeast Nigeria Okwor, Emmanuel C*.,Eze, Didacus C and Chah, Kennedy F. Department...