Keng Siau

City University of Hong Kong | CityU · Department of Information Systems

The rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and the emergence of the Metaverse are dynamically reshaping our lives and societies. GenAI can enhance the development of Metaverse and empower the applications in Metaverse. Metaverse is also an excellent environment for GenAI to demonstrate its power and usefulness. This interwo...

Purpose The gender composition of teams remains an important yet complex element in unlocking the success of collaboration and performance in the metaverse. In this study, the authors examined the collaborations of same- and mixed-gender dyads to investigate how gender composition influences perceptions of the dyadic collaboration process and outco...

Universities play a critical role in improving the economic prosperity and social well-being of a country. Many countries have invested heavily in higher education and funding university education for their citizens. Does more investment enhance universities' performances? What other factors contribute to universities' productivity? This research u...

Human-Computer Interaction has been evolving rapidly with the advancement of artificial intelligence and metaverse. Human-AI Interaction is a new area in Human-Computer Interaction. In this paper, we look at AI avatars, which are human-like representations of AI systems. AI avatars closely resemble real persons. AI avatars have several advantages,...

Technological innovation creates numerous opportunities for businesses, organizations, and societies. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, and big data provide opportunities for developing self-controlling systems emulating human intelligence. In some instances, these systems surpass the performance of humans. The relationship o...

Metaverse is posed to change the world and revolutionalize the way we work, play, and socialize with one another. In recent years, both capital circles and large technology companies have started to pay attention to this emerging field, setting off a wave of metaverse upsurge. The academic world can and should also contribute to the development and...

AI applications in health care, communications, and arts have brought about rapid and dramatic advances in these fields. Nevertheless, the rapidly expanding potential of AI in the economy and society has raised a set of challenging issues. The fields of AI and financial technology are not spared. How can artificial intelligence (AI) be utilized in...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being developed and adopted by many organizations throughout the world. As the potential of AI is being leveraged, many opportunities are being realized and continue to emerge. However, potential issues need to be addressed (Wang and Siau, 2019), such as ethical and legal concerns (Siau and Wang, 2020), making an AI...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely utilized in the accounting industry and profoundly shaped how accounting is practiced nowadays. AI is poised to make significant contributions to various accounting functions such as auditing and fraud detection by providing greater insights to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address social, economic, and environmental challenges. However, effective use of AI in organizations relies on the establishment of an AI governance framework. Although existing studies have discussed a variety of issues raised by AI-based systems and proposed AI governance frameworks to overcome t...

The exponential advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, robotics, and automation are rapidly transforming industries and societies across the world. The way we work, the way we live, and the way we interact with others are expected to be transformed at a speed and scale beyond anything we have observed in human history. This...

Our respectful old friend Professor Ting-Peng Liang (in short, TP) whom we loved suddenly passed away on May 20, 2021. But we cannot forget his smile and passion, and his inerasable footprints in PACIS, PAJAIS, and AIS Community. He was the founder of PACIS, founding editor-in-chief of PAJAIS, and past president of AIS to list just a few. He was th...

A new coronavirus, COVID-19, was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This new coronavirus spreads like wildfire and becomes a global pandemic. As of October 2021, more than 241 million people are infected, and around 5 million are dead. The pandemic has disrupted our lives and world economies. Different countries have responded to the pan...

As of October 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic is still raging around the world and people's lifestyles have also been changed. COVID-19 can spread through minute droplets, which makes it easy to transmit (especially the Delta variant). For most of 2020, vaccines were not available and the most effective way is to control the spread of the virus was soc...

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and autonomous technologies in the mining industry started about a decade ago with autonomous trucks. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and autonomous technologies provide many economic benefits for the mining industry through cost reduction, efficiency, and improving pr...

In recent decades, healthcare organizations around the world have increasingly appreciated the value of information technologies for a variety of applications. Three of the new technological advancements that are impacting smart health are metaverse, artificial intelligence (AI), and data science. The metaverse is the intersection of three major te...

Systems Analysis and Design (SAND) is undoubtedly a pillar in the field of Information Systems (IS). Some researchers have even claimed that SAND is the field that defines the Information Systems discipline and is the core of information systems. The past decades have seen the development of Structured SAND methodologies and Object-Oriented Methodo...

In this paper, we review a few key themes of Ting-Peng (TP) Liang’s research. We first discuss some of his major contributions to information systems (IS) in the areas of electronic commerce, mobile commerce, and crowd commerce. Future research directions for these three themes are also discussed in the paper. TP Liang is also an early proponent of...

Autonomous driving vehicles are no longer sci-fi and will soon be part of our daily lives. Trust in self-driving technology will impact the adoption and utilization of autonomous driving technology. In this research, we use a qualitative research methodology, Value-Focused Thinking, to identify the values of trust in autonomous driving vehicles and...

Purpose Phishing attacks are the most common cyber threats targeted at users. Digital nudging in the form of framing and priming may reduce user susceptibility to phishing. This research focuses on two types of digital nudging, framing and priming, and examines the impact of framing and priming on users' behavior (i.e. action) in a cybersecurity se...

Based on eye tracking technology, we study consumers’ overall attention to recommendations appearing at different time settings (i.e., early, mid, and late) and their attention to different information contained in each recommendation, such as recommendation signs, product descriptions, and reviews. By investigating consumers’ eye movement patterns...

One of the most prominent applications of artificial intelligence technologies is self-driving vehicles. Self-driving vehicles are expected to be widely available soon. Do consumers trust self-driving vehicles? Trust in self-driving technology will impact the adoption and utilization of autonomous driving technology. What are the trust issues that...

The once-in-a-century pandemic, COVID-19, arrived in 2019. As of the end of April 2021, there are more than 149 million infected cases and 3.15 million deaths worldwide. Many countries are hit with more than one wave of infection. At this time, India is the most severely affected. The deadly second wave has overwhelmed hospitals in India and is sen...

IS/IT plays an important role in our everyday life, especially in today's Internet era. This article discusses the roles of IS/IT in providing services and support on information gathering, analysis, and management during major public emergencies and pandemic crises such as the battle against the new coronavirus. The five selected papers in this sp...

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on HCI in Business, Government and Organizations, HCIBGO 2021, which was held as part of HCI International 2021 and took place virtually during July 24-29, 2021. The total of 1276 papers and 241 poster papers included in the 39 HCII 2020 proceedings volumes was caref...

This book constitutes late breaking papers from the 23rd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2021, which was held in July 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Washington DC, USA but had to change to a virtual conference mode due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 5222 individuals from academia, research inst...

The COVID-19 pandemic started in 2019. The world’s economy is challenged and our daily lives are changed, maybe forever (Xie et al. 2020). Artificial intelligence (AI) has been and can be utilized in COVID-19 pandemic management (Wang & Siau, 2019; Stephanidis et al., 2019; Siau & Wang, 2020; Nah & Siau, 2020). AI can help with tracking and managin...

We are living in the information age. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data have greatly impacted our daily lives. In recent years, the health care industry has benefited from the rapid development of technologies (Siau & Shen, 2002, 2006). AI technology has also been used in healthcare from many applications such as clinical practices, support...

COVID-19 was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 (Nah & Siau, 2020; Xie et al. 2020). As of November 2020, globally, there are more than 50 million people infected with COVID-19 and more than 1 million deaths. Different countries have different responses to the COVID-19 pandemic because of different economic developments and different cult...

COVID-19, a new coronavirus, has become a global pandemic affecting society and infecting millions of people around the world (Nah & Siau, 2020; Xie et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020). Nations have applied varying responses to this new virus and have different levels of success. This research looks at the effects of National Culture on COVID-19 pandem...

The development and advancement of information technology provide a technical platform for education reform and opportunities for innovation in education. The global COVID-19 pandemic has created a new normal that further springboards such opportunities to large scale implementation of online education. Because online education has the advantages o...

With the COVID-19 pandemic, the higher education communities throughout almost the entire world have moved from traditional face-to-face teaching to remote learning by using video conferencing software and online learning applications and platforms. With social distancing requirements, it is expected that eLearning will be part of the delivery moda...

This is an empirical research investigating the impact of business analytics (BA) and business intelligence (BI) use, IT infrastructure flexibility, and their interactions on organizational agility. Synthesizing the systems theory and awareness-motivation-capability framework, the authors propose that BA-Use, IT infrastructure flexibility, and thei...

COVID-19 has disrupted our lives and the economy. In this paper, we outline approaches in which information technology can be used to implement business strategies to enhance resilience by coping with, adapting to, and recovering from adversity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss how information technology such as digital supply chain,...

Automation with artificial intelligence technology is an emerging field and is widely used in various industries. With the increasing autonomy, learning, and adaptability of intelligent robots such as self-driving cars, it is difficult to regard them as simple tools in human hands. At the same time, a series of problems and challenges such as predi...

For many businesses, the world as they once knew it has come to a stop, and it is certainly no longer business as usual. A "new normal" is with us now as we quarantine, shelter in place, and practice social distancing in an attempt to control and manage the spread of coronavirus. A "next normal" is undoubtedly going to emerge once the COVID-19 pand...

Artificial intelligence (AI) will have a major impact on both our daily lifestyle and the job market. Although AI can bring a lot of benefits, people are still concerned with the development of AI in many aspects. To better utilize technology, the first thing is to trust the technology (Siau & Shen, 2003; Siau & Wang, 2018). Trust will also influen...

In late 2019, a new coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported in Wuhan, China. The origin of this virus is still debated. Nevertheless, this new coronavirus spreads like wildfire and is now a global pandemic. Different countries have responded to the pandemic in different ways with varying results. In this research, we investigate the effects of informat...

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the new coronavirus pandemic constitutes a public health emergency of international concern, experts and policymakers from all over the world have shifted their focuses to containing the COVID-19 pandemic and to eradicating the virus. As one of the most popular and emerging new technologies,...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is impacting all fields, areas, and disciplines. It is difficult to think of a field that is not infiltrated by AI. AI witnesses groundbreaking advancement recently with the revolutions and evolutions of machine learning techniques (Siau and Yang, 2017; Hyder et al., 2019). With proper guidance and appropriate usage, AI...

COVID-19 is sweeping across the globe. Some countries are collecting anonymized data to study the movement of people and others are providing more detailed information about individuals in addition to the movement data. Surveillance tools are widely used to stem the spread of the COVID-19. South Korea uses smartphone location data, surveillance cam...

Even before COVID-19, online education is already experiencing high growth and adoption (Erickson & Siau, 2003). Whether it is language application, virtual tutoring, video conferencing tool, or online learning software, there has been a significant surge in usage since COVID-19. In this unprecedented and uncertain time, most people are encouraged...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is causing radical changes in marketing and emerging as a competent assistant supporting all areas of the marketing field. The influences and impacts AI has created in various marketing segments have aroused much interest among marketing professionals and academic scholars. Comprehensive and systematic studies on the va...

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based technology has achieved many great things, such as facial recognition, medical diagnosis, and self-driving cars. AI promises enormous benefits for economic growth, social development, as well as human well-being and safety improvement. However, the low-level of explainability, data biases, data security, data priv...

This volume LNCS 12204 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Business, Government, and Organizations, HCIBGO 2020, which was held in July 2020 as part of HCI International 2020 in Copenhagen, Denmark.* 1439 papers and 238 posters were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. The 42 papers pr...

This book constitutes late breaking papers from the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2020, which was held in July 2020. The conference was planned to take place in Copenhagen, Denmark, but had to change to a virtual conference mode due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From a total of 6326 submissions, a total of 1439 paper...

Today, a fourth industrial revolution is unfolding before our eyes. Industry 4.0 builds upon the third industrial revolution and the digital revolution that has been taking place since the middle of the last century. Industry 4.0 will blur the lines between physical, digital, and biological spheres, enabling us to build a new virtual world from whi...

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and autonomous technologies in the mining industry started about a decade ago with autonomous trucks. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and autonomous technologies provide many economic benefits for the mining industry through cost reduction, efficiency, and improving pr...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) will result in job replacement and job elimination. Some AI technologies, such as self-driving vehicles, have the potential to disrupt existing industries. Self-driving trucks may replace the 3.5 million truck drivers in the US. Scholars at Oxford University estimated that no less than 47% of American jobs and 54% of th...

We are living in a period of profound change driven by digitization, information and communication technology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics (Gupta, Keen, Shah, and Verdier, 2017; Wang and Siau, 2019). Traditional marketing is shifting to digital marketing enabled by AI and machine learning. Customer consumption behavior h...

A perfect storm is hitting higher education. Decrease funding from traditional funding sources such as State Governments and transformative changes caused by artificial intelligence (AI) will revolutionize higher education (Siau 2018). Higher education needs to change and evolve quickly and continuously to prepare students for the upheavals in the...

In many organizations, promoting diversity and enhancing inclusion are still major concerns. Unconscious biases and stereotyping cause us to have preconceived ideas about what an ideal employee or leader should look like. Unconscious biases are also a major roadblock to an inclusive environment and business culture. Organizations have been investin...

Along with the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), big data analytics, and cloud computing, Industry 4.0 — a subset of the fourth Industrial Revolution — has started to emerge and take root in many countries. Many expect that Industry 4.0 will be transformative and revolutionary for multiple industries...

The advancements in software technology and data science are enabling Industry 4.0, aka the Fourth Industrial Revolution or the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). While the first three industrial revolutions have brought about immense change, the impact of Industry 4.0 will be much wider and far greater, especially with regard to the easily over...

The chapters were mistakenly published as regular chapters instead of open access. This has now been corrected.

ABSTRACT This article aims to investigate the Grand Challenges which arise in the current and emerging landscape of rapid technological evolution towards more intelligent interactive technologies, coupled with increased and widened societal needs, as well as individual and collective expectations that HCI, as a discipline, is called upon to address...

Mental models and cognitive maps have been used in college business education as an instructional design technique, assessment tool, and learning strategy. The authors propose a novel use of mental models and cognitive maps as a device to elicit students’ challenges in learning the domain knowledge of a course. Such usage is illustrated in a manage...

The exponential advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, robotics, and automation are rapidly transforming industries and societies across the world. The way we work, the way we live, and the way we interact with others are expected to be transformed at a speed and scale beyond anything we have observed in human history. This...

This two-volume set LNCS 11588 and 11589 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Business, Government, and Organizations, HCIBGO 2019, held in July 2019 as part of HCI International 2019 in Orlando, FL, USA. HCII 2019 received a total of 5029 submissions, of which 1275 papers and 209 posters were accepted for pub...

This two-volume set LNCS 11588 and 11589 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Business, Government, and Organizations, HCIBGO 2019, held in July 2019 as part of HCI International 2019 in Orlando, FL, USA. HCII 2019 received a total of 5029 submissions, of which 1275 papers and 209 posters were accepted for pub...

A health chatbot is an artificial intelligence program that can conduct an intelligent conversation via auditory or textual methods regarding healthcare issues. An estimate by Market research firm Grand View Research is that the global chatbot market will reach $1.23 billion by 2025. Millions of chatbots have been sold to hospitals. Many health cha...

The current world is AI-filled and AI-fueled. Humans need to be able to live in harmony with AI. In this research, we aim to develop a theory on Trust between human and health chatbots. With the development of intelligent personal assistants, chatbots are becoming common and ubiquitous. Chatbots can behave as a conversational partner, complete info...

As the world becomes increasingly connected through the Internet of Everything, the emergence of fintech is beginning to disrupt the financial world with trans­formative changes. The unique consumer behavior and banking habits of millennials, coupled with their pro­technology attitude, facilitate the rapidly advancing disruptive revolution of finte...

Lude and Prügl explored “family business bias,” a cognitive tendency where the family nature of a firm can often reduce investors’ perceived risk in investments. As a result, investors would display lower risk-avoidance in the gain domain and reinforced risk-seeking in the loss domain. We expanded the authors’ work by introducing four cognitive fac...

Artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, machine learning, and automation are revolutionizing the field of marketing and sales. Although the field of sales and marketing has been impacted by advanced technologies continuously, the impact of AI on sales and marketing field is expected to be transformational and revolutionary. The main threats pose by...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is able to perform at humans and even surpass human’s performances in some tasks. Recent cases about self-driving cars, cashier-free supermarket Amazon Go, and virtual assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Google Assistant have illustrated the current and future potential of AI. AI and its applications have infiltrated hu...

Advancement in AI, robotics, machine learning, and automation has started to replace many structured, routine, and repetitive jobs. McKinsey Global Institute’s report (2017) estimates that by 2030, automation may displace between 400 million and 800 million individuals and these individuals will need to switch job categories and learn new skills. M...

Artificial intelligence (AI) will change the world and higher education is no exception. AI will change the way we work, the way we learn, and the way we live. This study analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence on higher education. Specifically, this qualitative research will study the changes in higher education caused by AI. This study wil...

The age of artificial intelligence is here! Artificial Intelligence, robotics, machine learning, and automation are impacting the field of marketing and sales in an unprecedented way. In this study, the qualitative research methodology will be used to better understand the revolution and evolution of marketing and sales field in the AI age. Multipl...

In this research, we will analyze EEG signals to obtain neural correlate classifications of user experience by applying predictive analytics. Boredom, flow, and anxiety are three states experienced by users interacting with a computer-based system. A within-subjects experiment was used to collect EEG data for these three states and a baseline. We w...

Mining is an important industrial and economic sector that plays a major role in the economic development of a country and provides many employment opportunities. Implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, and autonomous technologies in the mining industry started about a decade ago with the first application to autonomous tr...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is displacing jobs and creating an upheaval in the world. It will change the way we work and the way we live. What should be the AI governance, policies, and regulations? How can AI governance, policies, and regulations mitigate and alleviate the negative aspects of AI advancement? How will AI governance, policies, and...

This study is designed to explore what are the most common and most suggested way to create passwords with better security, especially for the group of people who set their personal information as a part of their passwords. This study was conducted under survey methods, the participants were randomly collected from the students at Missouri S&T as w...

In this article, we look at trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML), and robotics. We first review the concept of trust in AI and examine how trust in AI may be different from trust in other technologies. We then discuss the differences between interpersonal trust and trust in technology and suggest factors that are crucial in build...

The age of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is here! Higher education needs to prepare students for a world in which AI plays an increasingly dominant role. What are the jobs that can be replaced easily? How would higher education be affected in the age of AI, robotics, machine learning, and automation? How can higher education excel and flourish in th...

This article examined factors associated with the adoption of smart wearable devices. More specifically, this research explored the contributing and inhibiting factors that influence the adoption of wearable devices through in-depth interviews. The laddering approach was used in the interviews to identify not only the factors but also their relatio...

This paper reviews cognitive neuroscience and several neurophysiological tools (e.g., fMRI, PET, EEG, MEG, and eye tracking). The strengths and weaknesses of such tools for information systems research are presented. The paper provides examples of existing cognitive neuroscience studies in varies areas, such as neuroeconomics, neuromarketing, and e...

Unified modeling language (UML) is widely taught in the information systems (IS) curriculum. To understand UML in IS education, this paper reports on an empirical study that taps into students’ learning of UML. The study uses a concept-mapping technique to identify the challenges in learning UML notational elements. It reveals that some technical p...

Virtual worlds are three-dimensional, computer-generated worlds in which team collaboration can be facilitated through the use of shared virtual space and mediated using avatars. This article examines the effect of task complexity on team collaboration. A puzzle game in Second Life was used as the collaborative task and task complexity was manipula...

Organizations increasingly depend on virtual teams in which geographically distributed individuals use sophisticated technology to interact and collaborate. With the advancement of mobile and wireless technology, mobile support for collaboration among virtual team members is becoming increasingly important and popular. In this research, we study th...

The objective of this research is to understand the neural correlates of user states of experience in human-computer interaction using electroencephalogram (EEG). Such user states include flow, boredom, and anxiety that are experienced when a user interacts with a computer-based system. We propose using a within-subjects experiment to collect EEG d...

The topic of this panel is “Teaching and Research Directions for Business and MIS Programs”. Higher education in the US is transforming and evolving rapidly. Declining state budget for public schools means that tuition fees may have to be correspondingly increase. The state funding is down by around 40% compared to fiscal 1980. In fact, it is heade...

Games are captivating from a human-computer interaction point of view. They can induce an intensely involving and engaging experience termed flow, which refers to the optimal state of experience when one is fully immersed in an activity. This paper provides a review of the neural and psychophysiological correlates of flow as well as some directions...

Online retail business has become an emerging market for almost all business owners. Online recommender systems provide better service to consumers during their decision making processes. In this study, a controlled lab experiment was conducted to assess the effect of recommendation timing (early, mid, and late) and recommendation source (expert re...

With the increasing amount of text data, sentiment analytics (SA) is becoming an important tool for text miners. An automated approach is needed to parse the online reviews and comments, and analyze their sentiments. Since lexicon is the most important component in SA, enhancing the quality of lexicons will improve the efficiency and accuracy of se...

One key aspect of sentiment analytics is emotion classification. This research studies the use of machine learning approaches to classify human emotion. Two different machine learning approaches were compared in an experimental study. In one approach, emotions from both genders were used to train the machine. In another approach, genders were separ...

AI, robotics, and machine learning are impacting the field of sales and marketing in an unprecedented way. A perfect storm is brewing! On one hand, online retail stores like Amazon are crushing the bricks and mortar stores. Sales and marketing professionals in bricks and mortar stores are facing a grim future. On the other hand, AI, robotics, and m...