Kemal Tepe

University of Windsor · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

El presente artículo ofrece una reseña del Servicio de Radio de Banda Ancha Ciudadana (CBRS) y sus características. También describe el Sistema de acceso al espectro el cual permite que las bandas no utilizadas por los usuarios primarios sean ocupadas de forma inteligente por usuarios secundarios para optimizar el uso de este recurso. Como regla ge...

The Machine Type Communication Devices (MTCDs) are usually based on Internet Protocol (IP), which can cause billions of connected objects to be part of the Internet. The enormous amount of data coming from these devices are quite heterogeneous in nature, which can lead to security issues, such as injection attacks, ballot stuffing, and bad mouthing...

The current demand for a wireless electromagnetic spectrum is higher than ever before due to rapid technological development in the field of information and communication technologies that has resulted in monumental growth in data-centric services. The usage of idle TV channels in the Television Ultra High Frequencies (TV-UHF) band (500–698 MHz), a...

Television White Spaces (TVWS)-based cognitive radio systems can improve spectrum efficiency by facilitating opportunistic usage of television broadcasting spectrum by secondary users without interfering with primary users. Previously applied models introduce missed detection errors, giving a limited estimation of the spectrum occupancy, which does...

Understanding how multiple drones can coordinate and communicate is essential for advancing multi-agent robotics. Multiple drone applications are growing with technology and have reached areas such as: farming, meteorology, pollution detection, and forest fire monitoring. The focus of this paper is to illustrate how current systems manage mission c...

Cognitive Radio (CR)-based Internet of Things (IoT) system is an effective step towards a world of smart technology. Many frameworks have been proposed to build CR-based IoT systems. The CR-based IoT frameworks are the key points on which this survey focuses. Efficient spectrum sensing and sharing are the main functional components of CR-based IoT....

A public safety answering point (PSAP) receives thousands of security alerts and attends a similar number of emergencies every day, and all the information related to those events is saved to be post-processed and scrutinized. Visualization and interpretation of emergency data can provide fundamental feedback to the first-response institutions, to...

Indoor tracking and navigation (ITN) mainly depend on indoor localization. An impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) is the most advanced technology for precision indoor localization. Besides its precision, IR-UWB also has low complex hardware, low power consumption, and a flexible data rate that makes it the ideal candidate for ITN. However, two si...

Energy detector (ED) is the most favorable detection approach for cognitive radio (CR) system. Selecting a proper detection threshold for ED is significant to satisfy the target CR’s detection performance. This work proposes an adaptive threshold energy efficient multi-level hierarchical cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing (MH-CBCSS) algorit...

For years, emergency attendance institutions in Ecuador worked separately and not all of them had a 24/7 service, resulting in duplicated efforts, a waste of the scarce resources, and an absence of generalized technology. In 2012, Ecuador created an Integrated Security Service, called ECU 911, to address the need of an emergency service articulatin...

The multi-level hierarchical cluster based spectrum sensing (MH-CBSS) algorithm balances between the detection performances and the incurred overhead. However, the MH-CBSS algorithm requires computational burden. In this work, we propose a modified MH-CBSS algorithm that reduces the computational requirements by initially defining the number of rep...

In a vast data collection and processing applications of machine to machine communications, identifying malicious information and nodes is important, if the collected information is to be utilized in any decision making algorithm. In this process, nodes can learn behaviors of their peers in the form of recommendation from other nodes. These recomme...

Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) is proposed for Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communications to learn about significant events in the network from neighboring vehicles. However, these neighbors may be malicious and report incorrect events in order to take advantage of the system. The malicious nodes may also provide incorrect recommendations...

In multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs), packet collisions due to hidden and local nodes adversely affect throughput, energy efficiency and end-to-end delay. Existing medium access control (MAC) protocols try to solve the problem by utilizing a single-phase contention resolution mechanism, which causes a large number of control pa...

In this paper, a decentralized routing algorithm, called Game Theoretic Energy Balance Routing Protocol (GTEB), is proposed to extend the network lifetime by balancing energy consumption in a larger network area using geographical routing protocols (GRPs). The objective of the proposed protocol is to make sensor nodes deplete their energy at approx...

Extending lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN) has been a subject of intensive research. This paper proposes to extend the lifetime by balancing traffic load in the network using game theoretic approach. The objective is to develop a protocol to allow sensor nodes to deplete their energy approximately at the same time. The proposed routing p...

This paper presents – Passive Cooperative Collision Warning (PCCW), and enhanced-PCCW (EPCCW) protocol designs for safety message reception reliability improvement in Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC). PCCW and EPCCW employ a cooperative warning scheme for reduction of collisions, without increasing packet traffic. EPCCW utilizes the phys...

This paper proposes Forwarding Game Routing Protocol (FGRP), which can be applied to any routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) such as Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) routing protocols. A node enters the forwarding game upon receiving a flooding packet. In this game, nodes select one of the follo...

A novel 3D real-time geographical routing protocol (3DRTGP) for wireless sensor networks is presented in this paper. 3DRTGP controls the number of forwarding nodes in the network by limiting forwarding to a unique packet forwarding region (PFR). PFR selection is based on the network density around each of the forwarding nodes, which reduces the num...

In this paper, a novel 3D real-time geographical routing protocol (3DRTGP) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is presented. This protocol controls the number of forwarding nodes by adapting a unique packet forwarding region (PFR) selection algorithm based on network density. This algorithm reduces the number of redundant packet transmissions, coll...

Adaptive topology control (ATC) is an important and versatile tool in the optimization of wireless networks. ATC can be implemented in different layers of the protocol stack, such as at the physical layer by power control and at the network layer through routing protocols. In this work, ATC is provided by changing the network nodes' transmission ra...

The DSRC/WAVE system is standardized to disseminate safety critical information using IEEE 802.11p as a MAC protocol. Studies show that IEEE 802.11p does not address adverse effects of asymmetric radio link and mobility related problems in vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications. This paper presents a cross-layer...

In order to meet the communication delay requirements of various message types when developing applications for the Smart Grid (SG), selection of appropriate communication technology is crucial and requires network segment-wise delay characterization under different network conditions. Thus, this paper presents a segment-wise communication delay me...

This paper presents a vehicular ad hoc network routing protocol with link expiration time (VARP-LET) that uses LET information in the creation of routes. The proposed protocol uses LET information to increase the reliability and stability of the routes. In addition to LET, a route break indicator (RBI) message is used to reduce the packet loss. The...

This paper presents a novel game theoretic energy balanced (GTEB) geographical routing protocol to extend lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by ensuring that forwarding nodes run out of energy approximately at the same time. In order to achieve this objective, the transmission region around a sender node is divided into a set of forwarding...

Contention based MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) suffer from the problem of false blocking of channel access due to unsuccessful attempts of RTS transmission by their neighboring nodes. This does not only reduce the network throughput, but also results in inconsistent and unpredictable data packet transmission pattern, which is un...

The environmental impact of the petroleum-based infrastructure has led to renewed interest in electrical transport infrastructures during the past few decades. However, the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) on electrical distribution and generation systems is not yet fully understood. This poses challenges to distribution and genera...

This article presents the design and implementation of modular customizable event-driven architecture with parallel execution capability for the first time with wireless sensor nodes using stand alone FPGA. This customizable event-driven architecture is based on modular generic event dispatchers and autonomous event handlers, which will help WSN ap...

This paper presents a novel 3D real-time geographical routing protocol (3DRTGP) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It provides a unique adaptive packet forwarding region (PFR) selection algorithm based on network density. 3DRTGP controls the number of forwarding nodes to reduce collision in the network, which in turn, enables it to meet real-time...

Communication systems are needed to integrate generated power from wind farms with the electrical grid. This paper provides a comprehensive review of available communication technologies, protocols and objectives related to wind energy and electrical grid integration. This paper summarizes the communication system solutions for wind generation. A m...

This paper provides a detailed architecture and demonstration system for a new combined Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) network layer design for providing Internet access to vehicles. The overall design consists of subscriber station (SS) vehicles, cluster head relay station (R...

This paper presents new algorithms that exploit uncorrelation between adjacent data samples produced by LEFT in ADSL systems. These algorithms update time-domain equalizer (TEQ) coefficients by adjacent lag autocorrelation minimization (ALAM) to shorten the channel. ALAM is an addition to the family of several existing autocorrelation-based algorit...

In this paper, a reliable and energy efficient cooperative relaying (REECR) scheme was proposed for multi-hop communications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The scheme investigates node cooperation in conjunction with power control to conserve transmission energy and improve communication reliability in the presence of fading. By using a set of...

Asymmetric/unequal radio links (ARL) in wireless communication can occur in MANETs/VANETs for many reasons such as hardware limitations, power saving protocols, shadowing effects, dynamic spectrum managements. Although largely overlooked, these ARLs are responsible for problems like hidden stations and exposed stations. This paper presents how Exte...

This paper presents a new learning-based framework to jointly solve equalization and symbol detection problems in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems with quadrature amplitude modulation. The framework utilizes extreme learning machine (ELM), a recent addition to the class of supervised learning algorithms, to achieve fast training,...

This paper discusses the design and the field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a blind adaptive time-domain equalizer intellectual property (IP) core for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) systems. The design can be configured to implement the low-complexity adjacent lag auto-correlation minimization algorithm (LALAM) and adj...

This paper presents a new physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) cross-layer design frame collision correction (CC) architecture for correction of Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRCs) safety messages. Conditions suitable for the use of this design are presented, which can be used for optimization. At its basic level, the CC at the P...

In this article, a new infrastructure of a combined Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) link layer is proposed with the purpose of reducing simultaneous WiMAX connections. WiMAX offers wide area connectivity of vehicles to ground-based base stations, while DSRC offers relatively sh...

Proliferation of mobile communication devices necessitates a reliable and efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol. In this paper, A MAC protocol, called extended sliding frame reservation Aloha (ESFRA), based on sliding frame R-Aloha (SFRA) is proposed for network access technique. ESFRA is particularly designed to solve the mobile hidden st...

One of the main implementations of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is monitoring equipment. These types of equipment can range from transmission line systems to hydro usage data collection in residential areas. The functionality of WSNs can also be extended to sending commands or instructions to external systems based on varying conditions or emerg...

This paper presents a theoretical foundation for a new collision correcting medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) cross layer design (CLD) for safety messages in dedicated short range communications (DSRC). The concept relies on repetition messaging and the fact that DSRC safety messages are relatively short in length. Hence our design req...

The DSRC safety messaging system was initially proposed for emergencies and vehicle safety applications; having a high reliability is a major design factor. Due to the fact that the DSRC system has different data rates according to its modulation and coding schemes, a minimum SNR threshold for different data rates is required for successful message...

This paper discusses mobile hidden station (MHS) problem which is a significant source of packet collisions in medium access control (MAC) protocols of vehicular networks due to relatively high node speeds. MHS problem occurs when mobile stations that are not present in the channel reservation period enter and disturb the existing communications. W...

This paper presents a new physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) cross layer packet collision correction (CC) architecture for correction of Dedicated short range communications (DSRC) safety messages. At its basic level, the CC at the PHY uses a new decision making block that uses information from the MAC layer for the channel estimator an...

This paper presents a new reliability enhancement to safety messaging system particularly useful for emergency vehicle (EV) communications. This enhancement makes meeting stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements particularly prevalent in safety applications of Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC). We show that emergency- Passive Coope...

This paper proposes the use of equalization concepts in frequency domain that exploit the frequency domain channel matrix to combat inter-carrier interference (ICI) instead of inter-symbol interference (ISI) in 5.9GHz Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) systems. The physical layer (PHY) of DSRC is currently being developed by work group of...

Slow information feedback and hesitation to relay the information to other power stations was a major contributor to North America's northeast blackout of 2003. Had fault information been properly passed on, the blackout area would have been much smaller. From experience, it can be seen that having the knowledge of knowing exactly when and what is...

WiMAX is a competing standard for next generation wireless broadband internet access. With the latest revision of the standard, Mobile WiMAX, it is becoming ready for use in highly mobile applications, such as handheld devices and in-vehicular internet access. Research has shown, however, that WiMAX suffers overhead problems with high numbers of si...

Broadcast communications are widely proposed for safety messaging. In the case of highway vehicular networks however, constantly broadcasting safety messages inevitably cause the well-known hidden terminal problem. Three existing repetition-based broadcasting protocols have shown to meet the reliability and delay requirements for DSRC safety system...

This paper provides Markov analysis of mobile hidden station problem in the medium access control (MAC) layer of vehicular/mobile ad hoc networks (VANET/MANET). If a mobile station enters a collision free zone of any ongoing communication and interferes with this communication, it is called a mobile hidden station, and problems associated with mobi...

In this paper, a design of a new object-oriented simulation environment and graphical user interface (GUI) for versatile orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is presented. This is achieved using high-level design, parallelism and usability for the simulation environment. GUI interface can serve as a learning/research tool for s...

This paper proposes and designs a linear demapper which compares to a recently proposed non-linear demapper under different decoding schemes of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) receivers. Modelling and simulations are carried out under common mobile vehicular channel conditions. It can easily be seen that multipath and Doppler shift has...

In this paper, the sliding frame reservation Aloha (SFRA) MAC protocol is analyzed considering the adverse effects of mobile hidden station problem. This paper also presents how SFRA addresses neighborhood capture problem. The analysis shows that any distributed protocol like IEEE 802.11 does not address the adverse effects of these problems. Proba...

Mobile hidden station and neighborhood capture problems severely affect the communication in the MAC layer of a mobile ad hoc network. IEEE 802.11 cannot prevent blocking due to neighborhood capture problem and collisions due to mobile hidden station problem. Extended reservation-Aloha (ERA) solves these two problems in a probabilistic manner along...

This paper presents an algorithm to include mobility in a routing protocol to reduce packet losses in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The algorithm is applicable to any on-demand routing protocol. If the degree of mobility of any node in any route increases, the route life time decreases. That causes frequent link failures, and results more packet...

This paper provides a methodology for designing and developing a common software framework for wearable computers. We have presented some important features that are important in designing and developing a software platform. The designed and realized common platform for wearable computer is easily adaptable to any application with few changes. A pr...

Stereo-based 3D distributed smart camera networks are useful in a broad range of applications. Knowledge of the relative locations and orientations of nodes in the network is an essential prerequisite for true 3D sensing. A novel spatial calibration method for a network of pre-calibrated stereo smart cameras is presented, which obtains pose estimat...

IEEE 802.15.4, commonly known as ZigBee, is a Media Access Control (MAC) and physical layer standard specifically designed for short range wireless communication where low rate, low power, and low bandwidth are required. This makes ZigBee an ideal choice when it comes to sensor networks for monitoring data collection and/or triggering process respo...