Keith J Kaplan

• MD
• Pathologist at Northwestern University

Professional medical conferences over the past five years have seen an enormous increase in the use of Twitter in real-time, also known as "live-tweeting". At the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP) 2015 annual meeting, 24 attendees (the authors) volunteered to participate in a live-tweet group, the #InSituPathologists. This gro...

Digital Pathology: Historical Perspectives, Current Concepts & Future Applications provides the authoritative text in the digital pathology domain by combining the established expertise of leaders in this diverse arena with practical applications of this transformative platform while harnessing a content rich, interactive format. In detailing a coh...

Healthcare, an information-based industry, is in a state of transition. The current focus of attention on health information is taking place in an environment in which better access to effective healthcare has been identified by governmental leaders as a societal goal. In several countries, including the U.S., governments are funding programs to de...

The single most important element to consider when evaluating clinical information systems for a practice is workflow. Workflow can be broadly defined as an orchestrated and repeatable pattern of business activity enabled by the systematic organization of resources into processes that transform materials, provide services, or process information. C...

Objective Histopathology is potentially an important outcome measure in UC. Multiple histological disease activity (HA) indices, including the Geboes score (GS) and modified Riley score (MRS), have been developed; however, the operating properties of these instruments are not clearly defined. We assessed the reproducibility of existing measures of...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder. Currently, the main goals of treatment are to induce and maintain clinical and/or endoscopic remission. However, evidence indicates that persistent disease activity on colonic biopsies in the setting of clinical or endoscopic remission is an independent predictor of poor outcomes. A nu...

School leadership as culture building How is culture creation a leadership role? How does the culture re-boot process work? How can principals become transformational leaders? How does principal leadership impact student achievement? How do principals' five key leadership responsibilities impact school culture? How can principals create a culture t...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which results in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in most patients (70-85%), is a major cause of liver disease and remains a major therapeutic challenge. The mechanisms determining liver damage and the key factors that lead to a high rate of CHC remain imperfectly understood. The precise role of cytoskeletal (CS) protein...

We describe the fifth published report of a mesenchymal hamartoma presenting as a cheek mass. A 5-month-old infant was brought to our institution for evaluation of an enlarging left-sided congenital cheek mass. Over time, the lesion had begun to cause significant facial asymmetry and oral incompetence. Radiologic imaging revealed an approximate 2.5...

Digital pathology systems offer pathologists an alternate, emerging mechanism to manage and interpret information. They offer increasingly fast and scalable hardware platforms for slide scanning and software that facilitates remote viewing, slide conferencing, archiving, and image analysis. Deployed initially and validated largely within the resear...

Whole slide imaging (WSI), or "virtual" microscopy, involves the scanning (digitization) of glass slides to produce "digital slides". WSI has been advocated for diagnostic, educational and research purposes. When used for remote frozen section diagnosis, WSI requires a thorough implementation period coupled with trained support personnel. Adoption...

Synovial sarcoma is a rare entity and accounts for <1% in all primary cardiac tumors. This is typically a highly aggressive tumor and survival is usually less than nine months in this location, even with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation. Primary cardiac synovial sarcoma has rarely been reported in the literature. We report a recent case from the...

A blog (an abridgment of the term ‘web log’) is a type of website or part of a website. Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or videos.[1,2] Entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order. ‘Blog’ can also be used as a verb, meaning...

Telepathology is an evolving area of telemedicine. Guidelines for primary opinion telepathology should be driven by best practices in conventional laboratory procedures. See also pages 119‐26.

A pathologist may practice telepathology in another room from the original slide using the hospital intranet, he/she may practice it if a CD-ROM is reviewed with a "virtual histologic image" or digital slide. As pathology becomes increasingly subspecialized, and pathologists are progressively more engaged in practices situations where they may not...

BK polyomavirus (BKV) infection has emerged as an important cause of renal allograft loss. There is no proven therapy, and much basic clinical information is still lacking. We serially enrolled 95 outpatient renal transplant recipients (43% of whom were African American) in a single center cross-sectional screening study to determine the prevalence...

The clinical and pathological features of a gliosarcoma with a primitive neuroectodermal component in a 52-year-old male are presented. To our knowledge, only three other cases of such an entity have been reported in the English literature.

Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare, benign, solitary cyst consisting of ciliated columnar epithelium. They are lined by a layer of ciliated columnar cells and contain mucoid material and debris. It is the ciliated epithelium that distinguishes them from other hepatic cysts. The cyst is generally found incidentally on radiologic imaging...

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are benign lesions that, paradoxically, despite originating from the Schwann cell, are most commonly seen in nonneuronal tissue including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and tongue. Their presence in the brachial plexus is quite rare, but their involvement of peripheral nerves is exceptional. The authors report on a case...

Fetiform teratoma (homunculus) is a term that has been given to a rare form of ovarian teratoma that resembles a malformed fetus. There are very few reported cases of this entity in the English language literature. In this report, we document a case of fetiform teratoma in a 23-year-old woman, gravida 0, who initially presented with a chief complai...

Fetiform teratoma (homunculus) is a term that has been given to a rare form of ovarian teratoma that resembles a malformed fetus. There are very few reported cases of this entity in the English language literature. In this report, we document a case of fetiform teratoma in a 23-year-old woman, gravida 0, who initially presented with a chief complai...

Hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus in immunocompetent adults is a rare and rapidly fatal disease that presents an urgent diagnostic challenge. With few distinguishing clinical features, herpes simplex hepatitis is seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis; yet case reports suggest that early diagnosis and prompt initiati...

To determine the prevalence of HR-HPV DNA in ASC-US Pap smears following implementation of the Bethesda 2001 classification system. A computer database of Pap smears obtained within Department of the Army medical facilities was queried for the study period August 2002 to June 2004. All ASC-US Pap smears that underwent reflex testing for HR-HPV DNA...

The liquid-based cytology Pap test was adopted as the exclusive collection method for cervical cytology in military treatment facilities within the National Capital Area in 2001. We sought to determine the impact of converting from conventional to liquid-based cervical cytology. A retrospective population-based study was performed to analyze the ce...

Liquid-based cytology, thin-layer slide preparations, and automated screening are only some of the advances in cervical cancer screening. As technology advances, new devices and technologies will be studied and promulgated, either as stand-alone methods or in combination with currently available technologies, as we have seen with HPV DNA testing an...

The evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology in pregnancy women is similar to the approach in nonpregnant women, although the effect of pregnancy on cytology and colposcopy can make interpretation and distinguishing normal from abnormal conditions challenging. The goal during the antepartum period is to conservatively follow the patient, with obser...

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is an uncommon, systemic xanthogranulomatous disorder, with distinct clinicopathological features, that is rarely expected preoperatively. We describe a case that presented in the brain of a 26-yr-old male patient and clinically mimicked the appearance of a neoplasm. The final diagnosis was a surprise. In retrospect, t...

A 72-year-old black male presented with acute urinary retention following a 2-day history of progressively worsening urinary frequency, nocturia, decreased stream velocity and suprapubic pain. Physical examination was significant for a large tender suprapubic mass an da2c mnodule palpated on the left base of the prostate. Blood urea nitrogen was 22...

In the current study, the authors sought to examine the prognosis and recurrence risk for patients with cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) diagnosed during pregnancy. A retrospective review of all women who gave birth at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (Washington, DC) or the National Naval Medical Center (Bethesda, MD) between 1986 a...

Well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (WDFA) is a rare tumor of the lung, which has gone by many names over the years. The lesion was first described by Kradin et al., in 1982, who called it "pulmonary blastoma with argyrophil cells and lacking sarcomatous features (pulmonary endodermal tumor resembling fetal lung)." Since then, there have been...

In 1991, the World Health Organization and its member states resolved to reduce the global prevalence of Hansen's disease (leprosy) by at least 90%. Despite its waning prevalence, however, the disease remains endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Moreover, imported cases are occasionally encountered innonendemic areas. This fact, cou...

A 10-year-old boy was referred from another medical treatment facility for evaluation of a mass in the left cheek. The patient was unaware of the lesion until about 3 weeks prior to presentation, when he noticed that his left cheek was larger than his right. A computed tomographic scan at the referring facility demonstrated a maxillary mass. The pa...

Telepathology is the practice of digitizing histological or macroscopic images for transmission along telecommunication pathways for diagnosis, consultation, or continuing medical education. Previous studies have addressed static versus dynamic imaging in several specimen types with a wide variety of systems and communication pathways. The goal of...

A 37-year-old military mechanic presented to our institution with a chronic history of a slowly enlarging left elbow antecubital fossa mass. There was no history of other chronic illness or trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and excisional biopsy revealed fatty villi and synovial inflammation within the left bicipitoradial bursa, consistent w...

A 10-year-old boy was referred from another medical treatment facility for evaluation of a mass in the left cheek. The patient was unaware of the lesion until about 3 weeks prior to presentation, when he noticed that his left cheek was larger than his right. A computed tomographic scan at the referring facility demonstrated a maxillary mass. The pa...

We report a case of amyloidosis associated with K light chain multiple myeloma in a 42-year-old African American man. The patient initially had mild dyspepsia, which rapidly progressed to include anorexia, fulminant hepatic failure, and death within 9 weeks. This is only the fourth reported case of hepatic failure from myeloma-associated amyloidosi...

Children with the clinical syndrome of visceral larva migrans as a result of Toxocara species have typical lesions in the liver and other viscera, consisting of palisading granulomas that contain numerous eosinophils and often Charcot-Leyden crystals; recognizable parasites are uncommon. Similar eosinophilic granulomas that are found incidentally i...

To date, we have reviewed several frozen section (FS) pathology cases in a retrospective fashion with remote, robotic real-time telepathology (TP). The telepathologist is given the usual clinical information with regard to organ site, sex and age of the patient and any pertinent clinical/radiographic information that was available on the surgical p...

Children with the clinical syndrome of visceral larva migrans as a result of Toxocara species have typical lesions in the liver and other viscera, consisting of palisading granulomas that contain numerous eosinophils and often Charcot–Leyden crystals; recognizable parasites are uncommon. Similar eosinophilic granulomas that are found incidentally i...

Nine cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) of the liver are presented. Five of the patients had liver involvement only. Other organ systems, notably the lymph nodes and skin, were involved in the other four patients. Four of the patients had sclerosing biliary disease with infiltration of the bile ducts by Langerhans' cells, whereas in two...

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by abnormal T cell function. Osseous involvement is found in approximately 5% of patients with sarcoidosis. Although sarcoidosis predominantly affects the small bones, it may involve other parts of either the axial or appendicular skeleton. Patients with osseous sarcoi...