
Kees Klein Goldewijk- PhD
- Assistant Professor at Utrecht University
Kees Klein Goldewijk
- PhD
- Assistant Professor at Utrecht University
About
109
Publications
190,310
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32,140
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Introduction
Nearly 32 years of experience in integrated global environment assessments. Developer of the History Database of the Global Environment: HYDE (https://landuse.sites.uu.nl/).
Current projects:
- HYDE 3.3
- Global Carbon Budget
- PAGES LandCover6K working group
- CMIP6 / LUMIP
past activities:
- CLIO-INFRA; global inequality (http://www.clio-infra.eu/).
- Anthromes
Current institution
Additional affiliations
August 2019 - August 2020
Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of sustainable Development
Position
- Lecturer
September 2018 - July 2019
Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of sustainable Development
Position
- Researcher
November 1991 - January 2002
Publications
Publications (109)
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize datasets a...
Societal Impact Statement
Forest ecosystems absorb and store about 25% of global carbon dioxide emissions annually and are increasingly shaped by human land use and management. Climate change interacts with land use and forest dynamics to influence observed carbon stocks and the strength of the land carbon sink. We show that climate change effects...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesise datasets a...
Indonesia is currently one of the three largest contributors of carbon emissions from land use and land cover change (LULCC) globally, together with Brazil and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. However, until recently, there was only limited reliable data available on LULCC across Indonesia, leading to a lack of agreement on drivers, magnitude,...
The terrestrial biosphere plays a major role in the global carbon cycle, and there is a recognized need for regularly updated estimates of land‐atmosphere exchange at regional and global scales. An international ensemble of Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs), known as the “Trends and drivers of the regional scale terrestrial sources and sinks...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesise data sets...
Wetlands have long been drained for human use, thereby strongly affecting greenhouse gas fluxes, flood control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity1,2. Nevertheless, the global extent of natural wetland loss remains remarkably uncertain³. Here, we reconstruct the spatial distribution and timing of wetland loss through conversion to seven human land u...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesise data sets...
Human beings are an active component of every terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Although our local impact on the evolution of these ecosystems has been undeniable and extensively documented, it remains unclear precisely how our activities are altering them, in part because ecosystems are dynamic systems structured by complex, non-linear feedback proc...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize datasets a...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate is critical to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe and synthesize data sets...
Land-use change has been the dominant source of anthropogenic carbon emissions for most of the historical period and is currently one of the largest and most uncertain components of the global carbon cycle. Advancing the scientific understanding on this topic requires that the best data be used as input to state-of-the-art models in well-organized...
Brazil is currently the largest contributor of land use and land cover change (LULCC) carbon dioxide net emissions worldwide, representing 17%–29% of the global total. There is, however, a lack of agreement among different methodologies on the magnitude and trends in LULCC emissions and their geographic distribution. Here we perform an evaluation o...
Significance
The current biodiversity crisis is often depicted as a struggle to preserve untouched habitats. Here, we combine global maps of human populations and land use over the past 12,000 y with current biodiversity data to show that nearly three quarters of terrestrial nature has long been shaped by diverse histories of human habitation and u...
In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in e...
Land-use change has been the dominant source of anthropogenic carbon emissions for most of the historical period, and is currently one of the largest and most uncertain components of the global carbon cycle. Advancing the scientific understanding on this topic requires that the best data be used as input to state-of-the-art models in well-organized...
Human land use activities have resulted in large changes to the biogeochemical and biophysical properties of the Earth's surface, with consequences for climate and other ecosystem services. In the future, land use activities are likely to expand and/or intensify further to meet growing demands for food, fiber, and energy. As part of the World Clima...
Information on historical land-cover change is important for understanding human impacts on the environment. Over the last decade, global models have characterized historical land-use changes, but few have been able to relate these changes with corresponding changes in land-cover. Utilizing the latest global land-use change data, we make several as...
Human populations and their use of land have reshaped landscapes for thousands of years, creating the anthropogenic biomes (anthromes) that now cover most of the terrestrial biosphere. Here we introduce the first global reconstruction and mapping of anthromes and their changes across the 12,000-year interval from 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE; the Anthrome...
Abstract. Human land-use activities have resulted in large changes to the biogeochemical and biophysical properties of the Earth surface, with consequences for climate and other ecosystem services. In the future, land-use activities are likely to expand and/or intensify further to meet growing demands for food, fiber, and energy. As part of the Wor...
Anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover (LULC) during the pre-industrial Holocene could have affected regional and global climate. Existing scenarios of LULC changes during the Holocene are based on relatively simple assumptions and highly uncertain estimates of population changes through time. Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental recons...
A synthetic history of human land use
Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth's surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts)....
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and m...
Anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover (LULC) during the pre-industrial Holocene could have affected regional and global climate. Current LULC scenarios are based on relatively simple assumptions and highly uncertain estimates of population changes through time. Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have the potential to...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and m...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the ‘global carbon budget’ – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and m...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and m...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and m...
p>Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">CO2 ) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project...
This paper presents an update and extension of HYDE, the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE version 3.2). HYDE is an internally consistent combination of historical population estimates and allocation algorithms with time-dependent weighting maps for land use. Categories include cropland, with new distinctions for irrigated and rain-f...
The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural f...
Changes in land use and land cover are important in global climate change, but the many uncertainties in historical estimates seriously hamper climate modelling. We collected new data on estimated per-capita land use over the last two millennia, using new data sources from the Humanities. In general, and in agreement with Ruddiman and Ellis (2009),...
This paper presents an update and expansion of the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE, v 3.2.000). HYDE is and internally consistent combination of updated historical population estimates and enhanced allocation algorithms with weighting maps for land use which are time-dependent. Categories include cropland, with a new distinction in...
The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forci...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and
terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to
better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate
policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and
m...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the “global carbon budget” – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and m...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and
their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere
is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the
development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we
describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all ma...
It is over three decades since a large terrestrial carbon sink (S
T) was first reported. The magnitude of the net sink is now relatively well known, and its importance for dampening atmospheric CO2 accumulation, and hence climate change, widely recognised. But the contributions of underlying processes are not well defined, particularly the role of...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all ma...
The Romans were perhaps the most impressive exponents of water resource
management in preindustrial times with irrigation and virtual water trade
facilitating unprecedented urbanization and socioeconomic stability for
hundreds of years in a region of highly variable climate. To understand
Roman water resource management in response to urbanization...
The Romans were perhaps the most impressive exponents of water resource
management in preindustrial times with irrigation and virtual water trade facilitating
unprecedented urbanisation and socioeconomic stability for hundreds of years in
a region of highly variable climate. To understand Roman water resource management
in response to urbanisation...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe datasets and a methodology to quantify all maj...
The quality of the environment is obviously important for well-being, not only
because of the role it plays as a source of raw materials, now and in the future, but
also for human health and because of humans’ appreciation of nature. This chapter
presents historical trends in sustainability and environmental quality based on
measures of biodiversit...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and
their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere
is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the
development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we
describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all ma...
Land use issues concern the processes by which human activities
determine land cover. Important issues are agricultural
development and intensification, settlement, and extraction of
natural resources. In response to human land use, the earth’s
land cover has changed from a mosaic of native woodlands,
forests, and grasslands to an increasingly impa...
Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the climate policy process, and project future climate change. Present-day analysis requires the combination of a range of d...
Land use and land-use change play an important role in global integrated assessments. However, there are still many uncertainties in the role of current and historical land use in the global carbon cycle as well as in other dimensions of global environmental change. Although databases of historical land use are frequently used in integrated assessm...
Accurate assessments of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the climate policy process, and project future climate change. Present-day analysis requires the combination of a range of data, algor...
Human use of land has transformed ecosystem pattern and process across most of the terrestrial biosphere, a global change often described as historically recent and potentially catastrophic for both humanity and the biosphere. Interdisciplinary paleoecological, archaeological, and historical studies challenge this view, indicating that land use has...
To assess future interactions between the environment and human well-being, spatially explicit ecosystem service models are needed. Currently available models mainly focus on provisioning services and do not distinguish changes in the functioning of the ecosystem (Ecosystem Functions – ESFs) and human use of such functions (Ecosystem Services – ESS...
Historical reconstructions of land-use are essential inputs to Earth
System Models (ESMs) for accurately computing past (and future) carbon
emissions and climate changes. It is therefore important to quantify the
uncertainty in historical land use for model predictions, yet this is
challenging in the case of gridded historical land-use reconstructi...
The evidence is now overwhelming that human activity has significantly
altered basic element cycles (e.g. of carbon and nitrogen), the water
cycle, and land surface properties (e.g. vegetation cover, albedo) at
regional, continental, and planetary scales, and that these alterations
are influencing the regional and global environment, including the...
The RCP2.6 emission and concentration pathway is representative of the literature on mitigation scenarios aiming to limit
the increase of global mean temperature to 2°C. These scenarios form the low end of the scenario literature in terms of emissions
and radiative forcing. They often show negative emissions from energy use in the second half of th...
In preparation for the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the international
community is developing new advanced Earth System Models (ESMs) to assess the combined effects of human activities (e.g. land
use and fossil fuel emissions) on the carbon-climate system. In addition, four Representative Co...
This article summarizes the changes in landscape structure because of human land management over the last several centuries, and using observed and modeled data, documents how these changes have altered biogeophysical and biogeochemical surface fluxes on the local, mesoscale, and regional scales. Remaining research issues are presented including wh...
Humans have altered the Earth’s land surface since the Paleolithic mainly by clearing woody vegetation first to improve hunting and gathering opportunities, and later to provide agricultural cropland. In the Holocene, agriculture was established on nearly all continents and led to widespread modification of terrestrial ecosystems. To quantify the r...
Crop-livestock production systems are the largest cause of human alteration of the global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles. Our comprehensive spatially explicit inventory of N and P budgets in livestock and crop production systems shows that in the beginning of the 20th century, nutrient budgets were either balanced or surpluses were small; b...
Aim This paper presents a tool for long-term global change studies; it is an update of the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) with estimates of some of the underlying demographic and agricultural driving factors.
Methods Historical population, cropland and pasture statistics are combined with satellite information and specific alloca...
Climate models (CMs) being developed for the fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will address the combined effects of human activities, including land-use, on the coupled carbon-climate system. Determining the sources, and potential magnitude, of the uncertainty associated with the land-use data tha...
Aim To map and characterize anthropogenic transformation of the terrestrial biosphere before and during the Industrial Revolution, from 1700 to 2000.
Location Global.
Methods Anthropogenic biomes (anthromes) were mapped for 1700, 1800, 1900 and 2000 using a rule‐based anthrome classification model applied to gridded global data for human population...
This paper describes a tool for long-term global change studies; it is an update of the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) with estimates of some of the underlying demographic driving factors of global change. We estimate total and urban/rural population numbers, densities and fractions (including built-up area) for the Holocene, rou...
Summary The human sphere of influence on world's natural environment has increased during the last 300 years at a staggering rate. Dramatic increases in population numbers boosted the need for food and fodder production. Land used for crops and ranching expanded at the cost of forests and natural grasslands. Estimates for the decrease in global for...
Over the next century and beyond, human interactions with the Earth
system will continue to exert increasing pressures on ecosystems and the
climate. In order to increase our understanding and of these future
changes, new modeling approaches that incorporate the highly complex and
coupled nature of the physical and social phenomena driving the Eart...
Large amounts of carbon (C) have been released into the atmosphere over the past centuries. Less than half of this C stays
in the atmosphere. The remainder is taken up by the oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Where does the C come from and where
and when does this uptake occur? We address these questions by providing new estimates of regional land...
In preparation for the fifth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate change assessment (IPCC-AR5), the international community is developing new advanced computer models (CMs) to address the combined effects of human activities (e.g. land-use and fossil fuel emissions) on the carbon-climate system. In addition, four Representative Concent...
More and more studies of global (climate) change are focusing on the
past. Hundreds and thousands of years of land use, driven by population
growth have left their trace/mark on the Earth's surface. We are only at
the beginning to understand the complex relationship of human induced
disturbances of the global environment, and the consequences for f...
This study presents a new hypothesis to explain the observed variation of CH4 and δ13C-CH4 over the last millennium. It was originally proposed that the observed minimum of δ13C-CH4 prior to the start of industrialization is caused by a large shift in biomass burning emissions between 1400 and 1700 A.D. According to our new hypothesis, however, the...
This background report provides overviews of the forward-looking analyses carried out
for the OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030 (OECD, 2008). The first of these overviews
gives the results of three comprehensive policy packages that were simulated: enhanced
environment-related policies in OECD countries, in OECD countries+BRIC and in OECD
countrie...
This paper describes the development of agricultural land cover maps with 5 × 5 minute resolution based on satellite data and agricultural statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the period 1990–2000. Consistency with the FAO data allows for reconstructing past changes and developing scenarios for future changes in land cove...
Changes in land cover affect climate through the surface energy and moisture budgets. Here we assess the importance of these biogeophysical effects for present-day climate, and quantify the radiative forcing of historical climate change by land use change for comparison with radiative forcings due to anthropogenic changes in greenhouse gases and ae...
Since time immemorial, humankind has changed landscapes in attempts to improve the amount, quality, and security of natural
resources critical to its well being, such as food, freshwater, fiber, and medicinal products. Through the increased use of
innovation, human populations have, slowly at first, and at increasingly rapid pace later on, increase...
This book (Milieu- en Natuurplanbureau) concentrates on the data and models used in IMAGE 2.4, illustrated with a number of applications
The Earths surface has changed considerably over the past centuries. Since the start of the Industrial Revolution in the early 1700s, humans from the Old World started to colonize the New World. The colonization processes lead to major changes in global land use and land cover. Large parts of the original land cover have been altered (e.g., defores...
Land use and land cover change is an important driver of global change (Turner et al., 1993). It is recognized that land use change has important consequences for global and regional climates, the global biogeochemical cycles such as carbon, nitrogen, and water, biodiversity, etc. Nevertheless, there have been relatively few comprehensive studies o...
Humans have influenced their natural environment as long as they have
existed. For thousands of years this influence was negligible or
temporary. From time to time humans left their marks on the surrounding
landscape, but these "marks" generally disappeared as ecosystems
recovered to a more or less "pristine" state. The changes are not well
known b...
This report documents the Netherlands' annual submission of its greenhouse gas emission inventory in accordance with the United Nation's Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the European Union's Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism. The report comprises explanations of observed trends in emissions; a description of an assessment of ke...
The magnitude of the impacts of human activities on global biodiversity has been documented at several organizational levels. However, although there have been numerous studies of the effects of local-scale changes in land use (e.g. logging) on the abundance of groups of organisms, broader continental or global-scale analyses addressing the same ba...
It is beyond doubt that human activities always have modified the natural environment, but it has become clear that during the last centuries the intensity and scale of these modifications has increased dramatically. Land cover changes affect climate by their impact on surface energy and moisture budgets, and thus should be included in global clima...
Testing against historical data is an important step for validating integrated models of global environmental change. Owing to long time lags in the climate system, these models should aim the simulation of the land use dynamics for long periods, i.e., spanning decades up to a century. Developing such models requires understanding of past and curre...
Testing against historical data is an important step in the validation of simulation models. Because of their wide scope and coverage, global change models require a large amount of data for testing. This update of an earlier version of a hundred-year database used to test global change models reports on data on population, gross domestic product,...