Kazuaki Syutsubo

• Dr. Eng. (Professor)
• Deputy Director at National Institute for Environmental Studies

Anaerobic treatment of sulfur-rich wastewater is challenging because sulfide greatly inhibits the activity of anaerobic microorganisms, especially methanogenic archaea. We developed an internal phase-separated reactor (IPSR) that removed sulfide prior to methanogenesis by gas stripping using biogas produced in the reactor. The IPSR was fed with syn...

The downflow sponge biofilm (DSB) reactor has a promising nitrification capacity for ammonium (NH₄⁺-N)-polluted raw water treatment. However, the highly fluctuating NH₄⁺-N levels in raw water may pose a challenge to a stable nitrification process. It is unclear how the DSB reactor contends with NH₄⁺-N deficiency. This study evaluated the robustness...

Understanding the behavior of pathogenic bacterial groups from domestic wastewater in surface water is critical to improving sanitation risk assessment and supporting effective policy implementation. Despite their importance, their behavior in freshwater environments is not fully understood. This study examined the behavior of pathogenic bacterial...

Down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactors, employed in domestic wastewater treatment, have demonstrated efficacy in eliminating Escherichia coli and other potentially pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of removal of E. coli by employing a cube- shaped polyurethane sponge carrier within a compact hanging reactor....

Water quality parameters influence the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The genera Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Klebsiella, and Mycobacterium are among the representative pathogenic bacteria identified in wastewater. However, information on the correlations between water quality and the abundance of these bacteria, as well as their reduction rate in exi...

The method of spiking synthetic internal standard genes (ISGs) to samples for amplicon sequencing, generating sequences and converting absolute gene numbers from read counts has been used only for phylogenetic markers and has not been applied to functional markers. In this study, we developed ISGs, including gene sequences of the 16S rRNA, pmoA, en...

Removal of sulfide by gas stripping using biogas produced in an internal phase-separated reactor (IPSR) was evaluated during anaerobic treatment. The IPSR consisted of upper and lower segments with a gas–liquid partitioning (GLP) valve between the sections. Wastewater was fed to the upper segment in the first stage and then to the lower segment in...

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is a known toxic chemical used in the photolithography process of semiconductor photoelectronic processes. Significant amounts of wastewater containing TMAH are discharged from electronic industries. It is therefore attractive to apply anaerobic treatment to industrial wastewater containing TMAH. In this study,...

A laboratory-scale, two-phase multi-staged up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (MS-UASB) treatment system was monitored over time in order to evaluate its treatment efficiency and performance when treating non-diluted industrial tapioca starch wastewater under ambient temperature in Thailand. The system consisted of an acidification (AC) reactor and M...

This study proposes a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor as a post-treatment process for sewage treatment systems. A pilot-scale DHS reactor was operated over 1000 days under relatively short hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 1–3 h to evaluate its effectiveness as a post-treatment technology. The DHS reactor consistently achieved superior effl...

An internal phase-separated reactor (IPSR) was developed to remove sulfide from wastewater by gas stripping using biogas produced in the reactor itself. This reactor consisted of a first stage in an upper segment, a phase separator using a gas–liquid partitioning (GLP) valve, and a second stage in a lower segment. The IPSR is proposed as a new reac...

Here, we report a new metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) from a marine Rhizobiaceae species. The MnEN-MB40S genome was assembled from a manganese-oxidizing enrichment culture metagenome. A 4.1-Mb MAG comprising 26 contigs, with a GC content of 60.0%, was obtained. This MAG contributes to the genomic information regarding the family Rhizobiaceae.

Monoethanolamine (MEA), a toxic organic chemical, is widely used in industries and is found in their wastewater. Anaerobic MEA degradation is an appropriate strategy to reduce energy and cost for treatment. Industry wastewaters also contain sulfate, but information on the effects of sulfate on MEA degradation is limited. Here, an up-flow anaerobic...

Biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx) have been receiving increasing attention for the removal of environmental contaminants and recovery of minor metals from water environments. However, the enrichment of heterotrophic Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms for BioMnOx production in the presence of fast-growing coexisting heterotrophs is challenging. In ou...

In the production of natural rubber, formate or acetate is added to the latex solution to coagulate the rubber; therefore, the wastewater contains high concentrations of organic acids, requiring the application of anaerobic treatment technology. In this study, a two-phase continuous flow experi- ment using a laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge...

Our study aimed to assess the effect of enriched sludge and paddy soil as inoculums on autotrophic nitrogen removal using hollow fiber membrane reactors. Mixed sludge from parent reactors and paddy soil were inoculated into two separate upflow anaerobic reactors, UR1 and UR2, respectively. Each reactor was constructed using a plastic cylinder equip...

Pollution in raw water poses increasing threats to safe water supply in many developing countries. Therefore, a comprehensive water quality assessment is essential to provide various stakeholders the information to deal with this problem. This study applies chemometrics to interpret a recent 10-year water quality data from three major river basins...

The effect of shock-loading on the performance of a full-scale down-flow hanging sponge (DHS), used to treat effluent from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket treating municipal sewage, was evaluated. This full-scale DHS reactor comprises a polyurethane sponge that retains the sludge. It has a capacity of 500 m3/day and, at the time of this study,...

The drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in the developing countries urgently need an efficient pre-treatment for nitrate (NO 3 ⁻ ) removal to cope with the increasing NO 3 ⁻ pollution in raw water. An upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor applied for NO 3 ⁻ removal from domestic wastewater may be adopted by the DWTPs. However, studies on the opti...

Information about sediment microbiota affected by sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFC) is limited. A laboratory-scale SMFC was applied to a eutrophic lake sediment under closed-circuit/open-circuit conditions. We analyzed the prokaryotes in the sediment adhering to the anode material. The archaeal family Methanoperedenceae was a predominant group u...

Microbial hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) reduction is a promising method for Cr(VI)–laden wastewater treatment. However, the soluble organic substrate required for heterotrophic microbial Cr(VI) reduction necessitates constant supervision, and an excessive supply of soluble organic substrate can result in deterioration of the quality of the effluent....

A method named sequence-specific capture of oligonucleotide probes (SCOPE) was developed for quantification of microbial rRNA molecules in a multiplex manner. In this method, molecular weight cut-off membrane (MWCOM) was used for the separation of fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotide probes hybridized with rRNA from free unhybridized probes. To demo...

The management of pathogenic bacteria in waterways is a public health issue. Here, we investigated the concentrations of potentially pathogenic bacteria, Arcobacter spp. and Campylobacter spp., and Escherichia coli, by quantifying species-specific genes in surface water samples from canals and the Chao Phraya River from June 2017 to June 2018 in Ba...

The natural abundance of stable isotopes is a powerful tool for evaluating biological reactions and process conditions. However, there are few stable isotope studies on the wastewater treatment process. This study carried out the first investigation on variations in natural abundance of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of a...

In this study, a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was applied to the treatment of artificial electronics industry wastewater containing tetramethylammonium-hydroxide (TMAH), monoethanolamine (MEA), and isopropyl-alcohol (IPA) in order to evaluate process performance and degradation properties. During 800 days of operation, 9...

Although biological wastewater treatment systems use microbial consortia containing a wide diversity of organisms across several trophic levels, information related to trophic information is currently limited. This study evaluated sludge characteristics in terms of mass measurement, microscopic observation, 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing approach...

Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) have served as an alternative technique to suppress phosphorus release from lake sediments to water bodies and thus mitigate eutrophication. However, the phosphorus regulation mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to understand the electrochemical influence of an SMFC on the phosphorus con...

Stable isotope ratios of nitrate are a powerful tool to evaluate aquatic environment stress from treated and untreated sewage. However, there is generally a lack of knowledge on the change in stable isotope ratios within wastewater treatment plants. We investigated nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O) of nitrate in four types o...

Urban population, it is predicted that, will reach at 5 billion by 2030 and 95% of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing countries. In addition, it is indicated that rapid urbanization brings pressures on freshwater supply and sewage treatment. Then sustainable development goal 6 shows 8 targets to ensure availability an...

In this study, a pilot-scale down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was operated in the community plant of Bangkok for the treatment of domestic wastewater (COD 285 mg/L, BOD 105 mg/L) collected by separate sewer to evaluate the reactor’s feasibility as a decentralized treatment system. The DHS reactor was operated for 600 days at ambient temperatu...

This study aims to evaluate methods for removing suspended solids (SS) from tapioca starch wastewater to increase methane producing activity (MPA) and biochemical methane potential (BMP). Three methods for SS removal, filtration, centrifugation, and settling, were compared using raw wastewater that had a high SS concentration of over 3,000 mg/L. Fi...

In this study, changes in various nitrogen concentrations in sediment based on a distance from an anode and depth from sediment surface were investigated to evaluate of influences of Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) on sediment. Additionally, changes in the sediment surface layer were investigated by the use of the microsensor measurement techni...

Changes in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM: the dissolved fraction of natural organic matter) during a series of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processes were investigated by using a combination of molecular size analysis and excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis. The characteris...

This study determined the spatial and temporal changes in natural abundance of stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O) with regard to nitrate (NO3-) and retained sludge in a nitrifying bioreactor. The bioreactor was continuously fed with synthetic wastewater including ammonium for 61 days at 20 °C. After the start-up period of the bioreactor, the NO...

This study investigated the feasibility of the methanogenic treatment of electronic industry wastewater containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), monoethanolamine (MEA) and sulfate in a lab-scale mesophilic up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Feeding a mixture of electronic industry wastewater and co-substrate organics to the reactor f...

In this study, over the summer of 2015, a set of five SMFCs was operated on the seafloor in Tokyo Bay, an extremely eutrophicated coastal estuary, to evaluate their electrochemical characteristics and effects on sedi- ment near the anode. The power density of the SMFCs was reached 11.5 ± 0.89 mW/m2 but decreased during cloudy or rainy weather, like...

In this study, a continuous feeding experiment was conducted with synthetic iso-plophyl alcohol (2-propanol)-containing wastewater using a lab-scale psychrophilic UASB reactor to evaluate process performance and retained sludge properties. For smooth acclimation, methanogenic granular sludge was seeded and a proportion of 2-propanol in the syntheti...

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were determined in activated sludge, which was exposed to endogenous conditions for 36 days and contained a wide diversity of organisms across several trophic levels. The aim of this study was to elucidate the fluctuation of δ13C and δ15N through trophic transfer in the microbial consortia....

The effects of sponge pore-size (SPS) in a down-flow hanging sponge reactor were evaluated, in terms of removing organic and nitrogen substances from anaerobic reactor effluent. Five down-flow hanging sponge reactors with SPSs of 0.56, 0.63, 0.83, 1.25 and 1.92 mm were constructed and all operated at a hydraulic retention time of 1 h, being continu...

In this study, a continuous flow experiment was conducted in which a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at psychrophilic conditions (18–19°C) was fed with artificial wastewater, containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and isoplophyl alcohol (IPA), from the electronics industry. This was done to evaluate process perform...

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from both open-type and closed anaerobic wastewater treatment systems in a natural rubber processing factory in Vietnam were surveyed. In this factory, wastewater was treated by an open-type anaerobic baffled reactor (OABR) that comprised 60 compartments. A part of the wastewater was fed to a pilot-scale up-flow anaer...

Wastewater discharged from the coagulation process of natural rubber contains high concentrations of organic compounds, mainly formic or acetic acid, and residual rubber particles. These compounds pose serious issues during the high-rate anaerobic digestion without pH adjustment and solid removal in advance. In this study, an anaerobic baffled reac...

Wastewater pollution will continue to grow as the population and community activities continue to increase. Various techniques have been applied for domestic waste treatment, but generally these processes require relatively high operation and maintenance costs. Down Flow Hanging Sponge (DHS) has been proposed as a solution to the problem of handlin...

This study assesses the performance of an aerobic trickling filter, down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor, as a decentralized domestic wastewater treatment technology. Also, the characteristic eukaryotic community structure in DHS reactor was investigated. Long-term operation of a DHS reactor for direct treatment of domestic wastewater (COD = 150–...

Natural rubber processing wastewater contains high concentration of organic compounds mainly acids and ammonia. This wastewater also contains large amount of residual rubber particles. In this study, a laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate process performance of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating this wastewater. In addition,...

In this study, changes in eukaryotic community structure and water quality were investigated in an aerobic trickling filter (down-flow hanging sponge, DHS) treating domestic sewage under different organic loading rates (OLRs). The OLR clearly influenced both sponge pore water quality and relative flagellates and ciliates (free-swimming, carnivorous...

Continuous flow and batch experiments were carried out under mesophilic conditions (35°C) to determine the effects of gradual increases in cation concentrations on specific methane producing activity (MPA) and microbial community structure in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor fed with molasses wastewater for 300 days. The cation inh...

A pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)–downflow hanging sponge system (DHS) combined with an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and a settling tank (ST) was installed in a natural rubber processing factory in South Vietnam and its process performance was evaluated for 267 days. The UASB reactor achieved a total removal efficiency of 55.6...

In the present study, sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) were applied for the amendment of a marine sediment core sample from Tokyo Bay to evaluate their efficacy for bioremediation and the effect of the depth of the anode in the sediment. SMFCs were operated for 55 days, and the maximum power density reached 8.5 mW m⁻². The sediment oxidoreduct...

This study examines electrochemical post treatment to remove COD, SS, K+ and Cl-from anaerobically treated sugarcane molasses vinasse (ASMV). A platinum coated titanium mesh was used as an electrode material for both the cathode and anode, with 843.18 cm2 of working area. The effects of pH on removal efficiency, as well as energy and electrode cons...

Conventional aerated tank technology is widely applied for post treatment of natural rubber processing wastewater in Southeast Asia; however, it is required long hydraulic retention time (HRT) and exceeded the effluent standards. In this study, a downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was installed as post-treatment of anaerobic tank effluent in a n...

Laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate ammonia removal from high ammonia-containing wastewater by downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor used as ammonia stripping system. Synthetic deproteinized natural rubber wastewater was used for the experiment. The synthetic wastewater contains 0.2% (v/v) of ammonia and 0.1% (w/v) of urea with 10...

In this study, granular sludge formation was carried out using an aluminum chloride supplement in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating natural rubber processing wastewater. Results show that during the first 75 days after the start-up of the UASB reactor with an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.65 kg-COD·m(-3)·day(-1), it perfo...

We evaluated greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from an open-type anaerobic system (OAS) treating ribbed smoked sheets (RSS) wastewater in a processing factory. The emitted biogas comprised 57.7%–60.8% methane, 14.5%–31.5% carbon dioxide, 10.8%–24.7% nitrogen, and 329–423 ppm of nitrous oxide. In the OAS, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) degraded as...

A pilot-scale experiment of natural rubber processing wastewater treatment was conducted using a combination system consisting of a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor for more than 10 months. The system achieved a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 95.7% ± 1.3% at an organi...

Natural rubber processing wastewater contains high concentrations of organic compounds, nitrogen, and other contaminants. In this study, a treatment system composed of a baffled reactor (BR), an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, and a downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was used to treat natural rubber processing wastewater in Vietn...

Study was done for the use of the third-generation of downflow hanging sponge (G3-DHS) bioreactor for secondary treatment of septic tank desludging wastewater. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prospective system of G3-DHS bioreactor to be applied in Indonesia. During experiment, the G3-DHS bioreactor kept a relatively high disso...

Molasses wastewater contains high levels of organic compounds, cations, and anions, causing operational problems for anaerobic biological treatment. To establish a high organic loading treatment system for industrial molasses wastewater, this study designed a combined system comprising an acidification tank, a thermophilic multi-stage (MS)-upflow a...

A two-serially connected single-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) was applied to the treatment of diluted molasses wastewater in continuous operation. In addition, the effect of series and parallel connection between the anodes and the cathode on power generation were investigated experimentally. The two-serially connected MFC process reached 79.8%...

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) have been utilized as powerful tools for tracing energy or material flows within food webs in a range of environmental studies. However, the techniques have rarely been applied to the study of biological wastewater treatment technologies. We report on the spatial changes in δ13C and δ15N in...

This study investigated down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) technology as a promising trickling filter (TF) using sponge media as a biomass carrier with an emphasis on protection of the biomass against macrofauna overgrazing. A pilot-scale DHS reactor fed with low-strength municipal sewage was operated under ambient temperature conditions for 1 year at...

A two-stage closed downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was used as a post-treatment to prevent methane being emitted from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) effluents containing unrecovered dissolved methane. The performance of the closed DHS reactor was evaluated using real municipal sewage at ambient temperatures (10-28 °C) for one year. Th...

The process performance of a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor for treating low strength sewage (biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 20–50 mg/L) was investigated in Bangkok, Thailand. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set at 4 h during the start-up period and was reduced to 1.5 h in a stepwise manner. Throughout the 300-day operational period...

A pilot-scale experiment of a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor for treatment of low-strength municipal wastewater was conducted over 1 year in Bangkok, Thailand, to establish an appropriate method for treatment under tropical climate conditions. Municipal wastewater with an average BOD of 19 mg/L was fed directly into the DHS reactor. Superio...

This study was designed to evaluate a treatment system for high strength wastewater (vinasse) from a sugarcane molasses-based bio-ethanol plant in Thailand. A laboratory-scale two-phase treatment system composed of a sulfate reducing (SR) tank and multi-staged up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (MS-UASB) reactor was used as the pre-treatment unit. Co...

A high dissolved oxygen Down-flow Hanging Sponge (Hi-DHS) reactor was applied as a treatment of starch wastewater. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a difference in performance of Hi-DHS reactor due to wastewater component, and to investigate an operateing method for improvement performance of Hi-DHS reactor. Total COD and total BOD of star...

High-concentration industrial molasses wastewater treatment was examined using biological reactors coupled with physicochemical filtration membranes. The biological processes combined two mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, a multi-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (MS)-UASB, and a regular UASB for primary anaerobic pre-...

Methane emission from a lagoon system treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) in a palm oil processing factory in Malaysia was measured for 28 days. The lagoon system surveyed in this study was consisted of total four lagoons, including two acidification lagoons as pre-treatment and subsequent two anaerobic (methanogenesis) lagoons as post-treatment...

We evaluated the efficacy of a full-scale combined biophysicochemical system for treating molasses-based bioethanol wastewater in terms of organic substances, nutrient, and dark brown color removal. The main organic removal unit, i.e., the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, achieved 80.7% removal and 4.3 Nm3 methane production per cubi...

In this study, the performance of a proposed treatment system consisting of an anaerobic process (acidification, methane fermentation) and an aerobic process (trickling filter) was evaluated for treating high concentrations of molasses-based wastewater (43-120 gCOD/L) by a continuous flow experiment. An anaerobic up-flow staged sludge bed (USSB) re...

Experiments to characterize retained sludge in a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor fed with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) treated sewage under moderate conditions were conducted. Plenty of oxygen was supplied through the DHS reactor without aeration and the effluent qualities after the reactor were comparable to activated sludge proce...

The process performance of a novel anaerobic down-flow hanging sponge (AnDHS) reactor for the treatment of low strength wastewater was investigated. A lab-scale experiment was conducted in which 300-400 mgCOD L(-1) of artificial wastewater was fed in over 600 days. The reactor exhibited sufficient performance: 70-90% of total COD removal, and 60-90...

A combination of an acidification reactor and an up-flow staged sludge bed (USSB) reactor was applied to treatment of molasses wastewater. The USSB, equipped with three gas solid separators, was selected because of superior organic removal by means of good retention of granular sludge. The combined system was continuously operated at mesophilic (35...

A newly developed natural rubber deproteinization process produces deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) wastewater as an intermediate product containing a high concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and rubber. In this study, a novel process to recover the residual rubber and energy as methane from DPNR wastewater was developed. As a pretreat...

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) - down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) was applied to Japanese municipal sewage treatment, and its treatability, energy consumption, and sludge production were evaluated. The designed sewage load was 50 m(3)/d. The sewage typically had a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 402 mg/L, a suspended solids (SS) content o...

Natural-rubber latex wastewater containing a high concentration of sulfate was treated using a combined system consisting of a two stage reactors of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor for over 10 months. The system achieved a COD removal efficiency of 97.6 ± 1.1% at an organic loading rate (OLR) of...

A combination of an acidification reactor and an up-flow staged sludge bed (USSB) reactor was applied for treatment of molasses wastewater containing a large amount of organic compounds and sulfate. The USSB reactor had three gas-solid separators (GSS) along the height of the reactor. The combined system was continuously operated at mesophilic temp...

In this study, continuous operation of a pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for sewage treatment was conducted for 630 days to investigate the physical and microbial characteristics of the retained sludge. The UASB reactor with a working volume of 20.2 m(3) was operated at ambient temperature (16-29 °C) and seeded with diges...

The biodegradation characteristics of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and the related microbial community were studied in both actual sequential anaerobic ponds in Malaysia and enrichment cultures. The significant degradation of the POME was observed in the second pond, in which the temperature was 35-37 °C. In this pond, biodegradation of major long...

The evaluation of treatment characteristics and sludge properties of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process was investigated using a pilot-scale 1.15 m3reactor. The UASB, inoculated with digester sludge, was operated at a hydraulic retention time of 8 h at sewage temperatures ranging from 10.6 to 27.7 °C for more than 1100 days. The stab...

Adaptability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products to standard DNAs for real-time PCR quantification was evaluated by those standard curves. The threshold cycles (Ct values) of the same number of gene copies differed at -0.7–5.6 cycles between the genomic DNAs and the PCR products amplified from 16S rRNA genes of methanogens. This result indi...

Anaerobic down-flow hanging sponge (AnDHS) reactor and UASB reactor were operated at 30℃ for over 400 days in order to investigate the process performance and the sludge characteristics of treating methanolic wastewater (2 gCOD/L). The settings OLR of AnDHS reactor and of UASB reactor were 5.0 -10.0 kgCOD/m3/d and 5.0 kgCOD/m3/d. The average of th...

To investigate the feasibility of anaerobic wastewater treatment technology for low strength sugar refinery wastewater (0.4 -0.5 g COD/L), an 8.8 L volume of anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor was operated at 20°C for 400 days. The operation mode was combination of one pass flow (UASB, 50 min) and effluent-recirculation (EGSB, 10 min) mode. The...