Kazem Haki

Haute école de gestion de Genève | HEG

Firms generate innovations to profit from market opportunities, which are newly identified customer needs not yet being met in the market. The rising complexity of market opportunities requires collaboration among multiple partner firms. However, this multipartner collaboration increases transaction and production costs when generating innovations....

This ongoing study aims to explore the implications of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for enterprise platforms. Adopting a grounded theory approach, we focus on the Salesforce platform ecosystem. Data collection spans all stakeholder groups within the Salesforce platform ecosystem, providing a comprehensive perspective on GenAI's implic...

Over recent decades, many platform-native start-ups and firms were founded and some are now among the world's most valuable. This study, however, focuses on an incumbent firm transitioning from a long established product platform ecosystem to an innovation platform ecosystem in response to the platform-natives' threats of disruption. We specificall...

This chapter provides a summary of Part II “The Need for a New Design Logic” and conclusions to be drawn from the single chapters together.

This chapter provides a summary of Part I ”Experience Reports” and conclusions to be drawn from the single chapters together.

This chapter provides a summary of Part III “An Architectural Coordination Perspective” and conclusions to be drawn from the single chapters together.

This conclusion will briefly reflect on the contributions of these chapters in this part.

This chapter reflects on the contributions of the book as a whole and identifies challenges for future research.

Significant investments in information systems (IS) over the past decades have led to increasingly complex IS architectures in organisations, which are difficult to understand, operate, and maintain. We investigate this development and associated challenges through a conceptual model that distinguishes four constituent elements of IS architecture c...

This book explores different aspects of and provides concrete suggestions to meet the three main challenges for becoming a “Digital Enterprise”: the transition to the digital age, the emergence of service ecosystems, and the growing role of data as a key underlying resource. As a result of these intertwined and mutually amplifying trends, today’s e...

In recent years, computationally intensive theory construction, leveraging big data and machine learning (ML), has gained significant interest in the information systems (IS) community. The integration of computational methods can generate novel methodological paradigms or enhance existing methods. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is one of the computati...

Enterprise architecture management (EAM) is commonly employed by large organisations to coordinate local information system development efforts in line with organisation-wide strategic objectives while simultaneously avoiding redundancies and inconsistencies. Even though EAM tools and processes have become increasingly mature over the past decade,...

Digital platform owners repeatedly face paradoxical design decisions with regard to their platforms’ generativity and control, requiring them to facilitate co-innovation whilst simultaneously retaining control over third-party complementors. To address this challenge, platform owners deploy a variety of governance mechanisms. However, researchers a...

While finding its roots in technical disciplines, research on artificial intelligence (AI) has drawn a considerable attention in various disciplines due to AI's broad areas of application. Similarly, information systems (IS) scholars have begun to examine AI-related phenomena given the enormous number of studies published in the last couple of year...

Technical debt (TD) is a technical compromise wherein the ability to maintain information technology (IT) applications over the long term is sacrificed for short-term goals. TD occurs when software development teams undergo constant pressure to release applications swiftly, on a tight schedule. The accumulation of TD, which often leads to a signifi...

Acquisition of complementors is a prevailing mechanism available to platform owners to leverage digital platforms’ multidimensional growth. Notwithstanding platform owners’ propensity to acquire complementors, little is known about the potential effects of such acquisitions on the non-acquired complementors. While a group of complementors may benef...

Even though organizations may plan for long-term enterprise-wide objectives, they are shaped by local decision-maker’s actions. The latter tend to have conflicting goals, such as short-term and immediate satisfaction of local business needs over organization-wide objectives. While local and diverse decision-making enables specialized products and s...

Owing to the necessity of effectively establishing enterprise architecture (EA) in an organizational context, there is a growing stream of research to examine the assimilation and institutionalization of EA in organizations. Our study aims to contribute to this stream by giving rise to the legitimacy of EA as the cornerstone of its institutionaliza...

This study contributes to the growing body of research on the assimilation and institutionalization of enterprise architecture (EA) within organizations. It adopts an institutional change lens to longitudinally analyze EA's institutionalization, de-, and re-institutionalization processes in one of Norway's large public sector organizations. The stu...

By acquiring complementors, digital platform owners can facilitate rapid advances in the evolution of their platform ecosystems. We describe how Salesforce has successfully evolved its platform ecosystem through the acquisition of complementors. Based on insights from the Salesforce case, we provide recommendations for acquiring complementors, alig...

Successfully innovating in business ecosystems requires firms to tame the complexity in their competitive environment. Firms must be generative enough to meet dynamically changing customer needs and reap profitability from their innovation efforts. Platforms promise to foster both generativity and profitability through their offered capabilities. E...

Even though organizations may plan for long-term enterprise-wide ob-jectives, they are shaped by local decision-maker’s actions. The latter tend to have conflicting goals, such as short-term and immediate satis-faction of local business needs over organization-wide objectives. While local and diverse decision-making enables specialized products and...

Inspired by the city planning metaphor, enterprise architecture (EA) has gained considerable attention from academia and industry for systematically planning an IT landscape. Since EA is a relatively young discipline, a great deal of its work focuses on architecture representations (descriptive EA) that conceptualize the different architecture laye...

Platform ecosystems are complex ecologies of firms with individual competencies and collective objectives. The sustainable evolution of platform ecosystems is thereby contingent on taking advantage of the individual competencies of the ecosystem’s actors toward obtaining collective objectives. To learn more about platform ecosystem evolution and dy...

Firms struggle to meet dynamically changing customers’ needs. One challenge is to navigate a complex search space to find resources needed for innovations that meet customers’ needs. Another challenge is to acquire the resources at lower costs than revenue opportunities to yield profitability. Digital platforms promise to address these challenges b...

Today’s fast-growing and ever-changing business environments force software development teams to release high-quality software on a tight schedule. The notion of technical debt (TD) captures the technical compromises wherein software quality is sacrificed for short-term goals. One of the most significant challenges for technical debt management (TD...

Digital platforms (DPs) - technical core artifacts augmented by peripheral third-party complementary resources - facilitate the interaction and collaboration of different actors through highly-efficient resource matching. As DPs differ significantly in their configurations and applications, it is important from both a descriptive and a design persp...

Behavioral experiments are a highly suitable method for testing theories, as they can establish causality while controlling for other confounding factors. However, researchers that aim to conduct and publish such studies face various concerns about the methodological approach. A lack of clarity exists in our field as to which related practices and...

In the context of digital platforms, platform owners strive to maximize both their platform’s stability and generativity. This is complicated by the paradoxical relationship of generativity and stability, as well as associated tensions. To aid B2B platform owners in their design decisions, we aim to derive specific design principles that address th...

Understanding how information systems (IS) architecture evolves and what outcomes can be expected from the evolution of IS architecture presents a considerable challenge for both research and practice. The evolution of IS architecture is marked by management’s efforts to keep local and short-term IS investments in line with enterprise-wide and long...

To unlock additional business value, most enterprises are intensifying their enterprise-wide data management. In the case of the globally operating bank, we base this article on, a Chief Data Officer (CDO) organization is established for providing data governance and, in a second step, pushing data driven innovation forward. As many employees of th...

Enterprise architecture management (EAM) in organizations often requires coping with conflicts between long-term enterprise-wide goals and short-term goals of local decision-makers. We argue that these goal conflicts are similar to the goal conflicts that occur in public goods dilemmas: people are faced with a choice between an option (a) with a hi...

Information systems (IS) increasingly expand actor-to-actor networks beyond their temporal, organizational, and spatial boundaries. In such networks and through digital technology, IS enable distributed economic and social actors to not only exchange but also integrate their resources in materializing value co-creation processes. To account for suc...

Information systems analysis and design (ISAD) ensures the design of information systems (IS) in line with the requirements of a business environment. Since ISAD approaches follow the currently dominant logic of business, the rise of a new and thriving business logic may require revisiting and advancing extant ISAD approaches and techniques. One of...

Digital platforms—technical core artefacts augmented by peripheral third-party derivatives—afford organizations to integrate resources in networked business ecosystems. Although digital platforms widely differ in their configurations, digital platforms’ dimensions and characteristics to disentangle different digital platform configurations are unde...

Perspectives in organizations differ to which extent information systems (IS) should be tailored towards local (e.g., business unit) needs or toward organization-wide, global goals (e.g., synergies, integration). For contributing to overall IS performance success, the harmonization of different perspectives becomes essential. While many scholars ha...

Enterprise architecture management (EAM) has long been considered a governance means to impose enterprise-wide objectives to local information systems development projects. This perspective on EAM inevitably brings about formal control mechanisms with the aim of enforcing enterprise-wide objectives in a top-down fashion. This study takes a compleme...

A digital platform is viewed as the central point of gravity within its business ecosystem to facilitate value co-creation processes among its business ecosystem's constituent actors. Considering the specificities of business ecosystems, we spotlight digital platform survival to investigate digital platforms' sustained viability and growth. We posi...

Enterprise architecture (EA) has long been propagated in information systems research as an approach for guiding diverse local stakeholders toward a common holistic perspective. Despite its maturation over the past decades, organizations still encounter institutional obstacles with realizing EA's intended outcomes. Literature addressing this challe...

Perspectives in organizations differ to which extent information sys-tems (IS) should be tailored towards local (e.g., business unit) needs or toward organization-wide, global goals (e.g., synergies, integration). For contributing to overall IS performance success, the harmonization of different perspectives be-comes essential. While many scholars...

Value cocreation is gaining momentum as organizations’ underlying business logic and encompasses tools and techniques for discovering new valuable and necessary artefacts to support inter-organizational and network-centric business activities. To cocreate value, organizations must talk to each other using a clear and easy to use language. In the co...

Marketing research apprises scholars in different disciplines of a paradigmatic reorientation from a traditional goods-dominant (G-D) to a service-dominant (S-D) logic. S-D logic re-conceptualizes the notion of economic exchange. The cornerstone of this reorientation is the concept of value co-creation—a collaborative process of reciprocal value cr...

Simulations provide a useful methodological approach for studying the behavior of complex socio-technical information systems (IS), in which humans and IT artifacts interact to process information. However, the use of simulations is relatively new in IS research and the current presence and impact of simulation-based studies is still limited. Furth...

Organizations constantly adapt their Information Systems (IS) architecture to reflect changes in their environment. In general, such adaptations steadily increase the complexity of their IS architecture, thereby negatively impacting IS efficiency and IS flexibility. Based on a Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) perspective, we present a more differenti...

The identification of a problem, its causes and its consequences are integral parts of designing useful solutions in Design Science Research (DSR). Many problems addressed in DSR are of a socio-technical nature, and they are collaboratively solved in multidisciplinary teams. Accordingly, analysis techniques are needed which integrate diverse perspe...

Extant research gives rise to the notion of business-model-based management that stresses the pivotal role of the business model concept in organizational management. This role entails a shift in research from predominantly examining business model representation to the use of the business model concept in the design of management methods. In desig...

Information systems (IS) research has long been promoting the necessity of aligning local IS investments in organizations with their enterprise-wide objectives. One of the prominent means to realize such an alignment are mechanisms that coordinate various stakeholders in different organizational entities. Despite its prominent origins and manifold...

Studying organizational configurations on the one hand and the dynamics of organizational change on the other hand are dominant topics of interest in the information systems (IS) discipline. Studies in each of these research streams take advantage of various well-established theoretical lenses from reference disciplines such as management science....

Enterprise architecture management (EAM) has long been propagated in research and practice as an approach for keeping local information systems projects in line with enterprise-wide, long-term objectives. EAM literature predominantly promotes strictly governed and centralized coordination mechanisms to achieve the promised alignment contributions....

Owing to the rapid and unrelenting digitalization of business ecosystems, digital infra-structure—as a new information technology artifact to conceptualize and realize interconnected information system collectives—has drawn considerable attention in information systems research. Building on the extant body of knowledge, this study synthesizes and i...

Today’s organizations deal with a significant complexity of their information systems (IS) architec-ture—a complex cobweb of heterogeneous IS with tight, mutual interrelations. With the constantly in-creasing number of IS along with the inherent complexity of the organizational context in which IS are embedded, organizations lose control of their I...

[Nominated for the Best Paper Award]: Over the last decades, information systems (IS) have become pervasive in and inextricably intertwined with organizations. Further, the dialectical interaction between IS and organizations is perceived as one of the major stimuli of organizational strategic moves and transformation. Notwithstanding a plethora of...

Due to ever-growing investments in information systems (IS) in organizations, IS literature promotes an enterprise-wide perspective to keep local, short-term investments in line with global, long-term in-tentions. One of the central discourses in realizing an enterprise-wide perspective is the necessity of coordinating IS change and development eff...

Information Systems (IS) are specified as complex socio-technical systems that display dynamic and emergent behaviors. Simulation-based studies provide a useful tool for analyzing such systems; however, the current presence and impact of simulation-based IS studies is limited. The socio-technical interactions and inherent dynamics of information sy...

Business intelligence (BI) systems play an important role in organizations' decision-making processes. However, the specificities of BI systems such as voluntary use, long-term return of investments, heterogeneity of their use cases, and innovative rather than routine use in such systems motivate the authors' investigating continuous use in the spe...

The specificities of multinational corporations (MNCs) have to date not been a focus area of IS research. Extant literature mostly proposes IS configurations for specific types of MNCs, following a static and prescriptive approach. Our research seeks to explain the dynamics of global IS design. It suggests a new theoretical lens for studying global...

Even though architecture principles were first discussed in the 1990s, they are still perceived as an underexplored topic in enterprise architecture management research. By now, there is an increasing consensus about EA principles' nature, as well as guidelines for their formulation. However, the extant literature remains vague about what can be co...

An increasing number of business organizations are supporting business-driven Enterprise Architecture (EA) efforts but most of these projects mix multiple EA frameworks leading to in-house developments. It seems that, based on Gartner survey, the upcoming EA frameworks will take advantage of the already existing different sets of reference framewor...

Despite the increasing popularity of enterprise architecture management (EAM) in practice, many EAM initiatives either do not fully meet the expected targets or fail. EAM frameworks have been suggested as guidelines to EAM implementation, but our experience indicates that very few companies follow the steps prescribed by such frameworks. Motivated...

Enterprise Architecture (EA), which has been approached by both academia and industry, is considered comprising not only architectural representations, but also principles guiding architecture's design and evolution. Even though the concept of EA principles has been defined as the integral part of EA, the number of publications on this subject is v...

Organisations are looking for IT solutions to propel their business, and meet the needs of an overly competitive landscape. Successful implementation of a sound IT strategy, then, is the key. Strategic use of IT and alignment with business strategies can be achieved only by developing a successful information technology strategy (ITS). A successful...

The strategic value of Inter-Organizational Information System (IOIS), regarded as an automated information system shared by two or more companies, highly depends on its architecture to support agile business needs. The main requirements of this architecture for supporting business agility are flexibility and scalability, interoperability and integ...

The concept of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has had a significant impact not only on software engineering but on the analysis of an organization's business layer as well. In this paper we demonstrate that using the SOA concept into the Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework makes the best of the synergy existing between these two approaches....

The concept of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has had a significant impact not only on software engineering but on the analysis of an organization's business layer as well. It contributes to developing information systems that are compatible with the needs of agile organizations. This fact brings us to investigate the new approach of Business-...

A growing number of business organizations are becoming aware of the potential the service oriented approach offers to both facilitate the integration of applications and help building dynamically strategic information systems. In particular, it contributes to developing information systems that are compatible with the needs of agile organizations....