Kaushik Das

Technical University of Denmark | DTU · Department of Wind Energy

Utility-scale co-located hybrid power plants (HPPs) have received global attention due to enhanced controllability and efficient utilization of electrical infrastructure. While control of mono-technology plants has been extensively studied over the past decades, the control of co-located HPP including sub-plants of multiple technologies is yet to b...

Network operators have been increasingly concerned with procuring reactive power sources as more synchronous generators are planned to be decommissioned and a number of distributed generations is on the rise. Reactive power is necessary for the evolving grid with distributed generation to support the additional power flow and avoid expensive grid r...

The utility-scale co-located hybrid power plants (HPPs) have been receiving attention globally due to enhanced controllability and efficient utilization of electrical infrastructure. While power plant control has been extensively studied for single-technology power plants in the past decades, how to control a co-located HPP that includes sub-plants...

Frequency control (FC) enables utility-scale grid-connected hybrid power plants (HPPs) to operate in compliance with grid code requirements while to capture value streams from provision of frequency control services (FCSs). In this paper, a novel hierarchical FC approach is proposed to allow HPPs to provide three types of FCSs, namely fast frequenc...

Offshore grids can play key roles in the transition of energy systems toward sustainability. Although they require extensive infrastructure investments, they allow for the exploitation of additional resources and may be important in providing for part of the increasing electricity demands driven by sector coupling. This paper quantifies the socioec...

Utility-scale and small scale wind and solar power installations along with electric vehicle charging stations, and other active sources of energy are increasing at the medium and lower voltage levels in the distribution grid. This situ- ation requires a better understanding of the impact of high penetration of weather-dependent renewable energy so...

Future distribution grids are likely to shift away from a passive grid consuming power to an active grid with a high share of weather-dependent renewable generation. Distribution grid operations are greatly interlinked between different voltage levels and depend upon the fluctuating load demand. Thus it is imperative to study and analyze multi...

Offshore grids can have a key role in the transition of the energy system to sustainability. Although they require extensive infrastructure investments, they open up for the exploitation of additional resources and may be important to provide for part of the increasing electricity demand driven by sector coupling. This paper quantifies the socio-ec...

div>Utility-scale and small scale wind and solar power installations along with electric vehicle charging stations, and other active sources of energy are increasing at the medium and lower voltage levels in the distribution grid. This situation required a better understanding of the impact of high penetration of weather-dependent renewable energy...

div>Utility-scale and small scale wind and solar power installations along with electric vehicle charging stations, and other active sources of energy are increasing at the medium and lower voltage levels in the distribution grid. This situation required a better understanding of the impact of high penetration of weather-dependent renewable energy...

This report summarises findings on wind integration from the 17 countries or sponsors participating in the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind TCP) Task 25 from 2006–2020. Both real experience and studies are reported. Many wind integration studies incorporate solar energy, and most of the results discussed...

The utility-scale co-located hybrid power plants (HPPs) have been receiving attention globally due to enhanced controllability and efficient utilization of electrical infrastructure. While power plant control has been extensively studied for single-technology power plants in the past decades, how to control a co-located HPP that includes sub-plants...

The utility-scale co-located hybrid power plants (HPPs) have been receiving attention globally due to enhanced controllability and efficient utilization of electrical infrastructure. While power plant control has been extensively studied for single-technology power plants in the past decades, how to control a co-located HPP that includes sub-plants...

Wind farm control (WFC) allows coordinated operation of the wind turbines within a wind power plant (WPP). However, its development has traditionally been split into the distinct disciplines of power plant control and farm flow control. As variable renewable energies, in particular wind energy, increase their penetration into the power system, grid...

The aim of this paper is to review and compare present European and Indian grid code requirements imposed to hybrid power plants (HPPs) combining wind, solar and storage technologies. Since there are no grid codes specifically for HPPs, the paper will review grid codes for the power plant based on individual renewable technology in the HPP. Europea...

The concept of hybrid wind power plants (HWPPs) that consist of wind, solar and batteries has received a lot of attention, since HWPPs provide a number of advantages thanks to the complementary nature of wind and solar energy and the flexibility of batteries. Nevertheless, converter-based technologies, as interfaces of HWPPs to the utility grid, co...

div>The increased penetration of wind power plants (WPPs) in distribution networks challenges the distribution system operators (DSOs) to improve and optimize networks’ operation. A higher amount of local power production translates to more losses in the network. This paper proposes a deterministic optimization methodology to minimize the losses in...

div>The increased penetration of wind power plants (WPPs) in distribution networks challenges the distribution system operators (DSOs) to improve and optimize networks’ operation. A higher amount of local power production translates to more losses in the network. This paper proposes a deterministic optimization methodology to minimize the losses in...

div>This paper proposes a mathematical model to perform optimal operational planning of large-scale energy systems with high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the influence of different unit commitment modelling approaches on the operational planning outcomes. The value of co-optimisation of electricity and heating sector is empha...

div>Offshore grids can have an important role in the transition of the energy system to sustainability. Although they require extensive infrastructure investments, they open up for the exploitation of a vast amount of additional resources and may be important to provide for part of the increasing electricity demand driven by sector coupling between...

div>Offshore grids can have an important role in the transition of the energy system to sustainability. Although they require extensive infrastructure investments, they open up for the exploitation of a vast amount of additional resources and may be important to provide for part of the increasing electricity demand driven by sector coupling between...

The increased penetration of weather-dependent distributed generation, such as wind power plants and photovoltaics, in distribu- tion networks, presents new challenges for the distribution system operators to improve their networks’ operation by effectively utilizing the available resources. A higher amount of distributed generation also directly t...

This paper proposes a mathematical model in order to simulate Day-ahead markets of large-scale multi-energy systems with a high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the importance of including unit commitment when performing such analysis. The results of the case study, which is performed for the North Sea region, show the influence...

This paper analyses several energy system scenarios towards 2050 for the North Sea region. With a focus on offshore wind power, the impacts of meshed offshore grid and sector coupling are studied. First, a project-based scenario, where each offshore wind power plant is connected individually to the onshore power system, is compared to a meshed grid...

In order to participate in energy market, variable renewable energy sources need to reduce the uncertainty of forecast errors. Inclusion of storage can be a viable option not only to minimize the penalties due to forecast uncertainties but also to maximize the revenue generation. This paper presents a decision framework for respecting the market co...

Power distribution systems with a high share of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRE) face problems due to the variability, uncertainty, and non-dispatchable nature of VRE. This paper reviews and discusses the pertinent challenges arising for steady state operation of future distribution systems with a large share of weather-dependent renewable e...

This paper proposes a mathematical model to simulate Day-ahead markets of large-scale multi-energy systems with high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the importance of including unit commitment when performing such analysis. The results of the case study, which is performed for the North Sea region, show the influence of massive...

div>Increasing share of renewables poses new challenges towards planning and operation of power systems all over the world, thereby, requiring new methods and tools. This article explains the value of balancing tool chain which encompasses operation of market and power system from day-ahead planning until the real-time dynamic simulation. The sa...

div>Increasing share of renewables poses new challenges towards planning and operation of power systems all over the world, thereby, requiring new methods and tools. This article explains the value of balancing tool chain which encompasses operation of market and power system from day-ahead planning until the real-time dynamic simulation. The sa...

div>This paper proposes a mathematical model to perform optimal operational planning of large-scale energy systems with high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the influence of different unit commitment modelling approaches on the operational planning outcomes. The value of co-optimisation of electricity and heating sector is empha...

div>This paper proposes a mathematical model to perform optimal operational planning of large-scale energy systems with high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the influence of different unit commitment modelling approaches on the operational planning outcomes. The value of co-optimisation of electricity and heating sector is empha...

The operation of transmission systems with large share of wind power is specially challenging under storm conditions. Under the stormy wind speed conditions, wind turbine protection system is designed to shut down the turbine to avoid excessive mechanical load. The sudden loss of wind power from large offshore plants is difficult to forecast accura...

div>In order to participate in energy market, variable renewable energy sources need to reduce the uncertainty of forecast errors. Inclusion of storage can be a viable option not only to minimize the penalties due to forecast uncertainties but also to maximize the revenue generation. This paper presents a decision framework for respecting the mark...

div>In order to participate in energy market, variable renewable energy sources need to reduce the uncertainty of forecast errors. Inclusion of storage can be a viable option not only to minimize the penalties due to forecast uncertainties but also to maximize the revenue generation. This paper presents a decision framework for respecting the mark...

A mathematical program for global optimization of the cable layout of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) is presented. The model consists on a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). Modern branch-and-cut solvers are able to solve large-scale instances, defined by more than hundred Wind Turbines (WTs), and a reasonable number of Offshore Substations (OSSs). I...

A methodology for optimum sizing of offshore wind farms high voltage AC export cables is presented. The method uses as main input site-dependent time series of wind power generation and seabed temperature, in order to apply Dynamic Temperature Estimation (DTE) analysis using a Thermo-Electrical Equivalent model (TEE), followed by an estimation of l...

Nowadays, wind is considered as a remarkable renewable energy source to be implemented in power systems. Most wind power plant experiences have been based on onshore installations, as they are considered as a mature technological solution by the electricity sector. However, future power scenarios and roadmaps promote offshore power plants as an alt...

The integration of renewable energy sources, including wind power, in the adequacy assessment of electricity generation capacity becomes increasingly important as renewable energy generation increases in volume and replaces conventional power plants. The contribution of wind power to cover the electricity demand is less certain than conventional po...

The scope of this paper is to review the hierarchical control architectures for offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) described in the state-of-art literature. A typical WPP control architecture consist of three levels: local wind turbine control level, WPP control level and control of group of WPPs. With more and more OWPPs development in close proxi...

A parallel-based algorithmic framework for automated design of Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) collection systems is proposed in this paper. The framework consists basically on five algorithms executed simultaneously and independently, followed by a combined analysis aiming to generate the best results in terms of different objective functions. The main...

In the recent years, the worldwide grid integration of renewable energy sources (RES) has grown rapidly. However , the grid-integration of large volume of renewables like wind and solar, interfaced by power electronics converters, is changing the dynamics of the power system and creating challenges to maintain reliability, robustness and stability...

A mathematical program for global optimization of the cable layout of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) is presented. The model consists on a Mixed Integer Linear (MILP) program. Modern branch-and-cut solvers are able to solve largescale instances, defined by more than hundred Wind Turbines (WTs), and any number of Offshore Substations (OSSs). In addition...

The power-transfer capability curve is widely used by Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) planner when designing their grid connection. An improved method for calculating power-transfer capability curves of OWFs cables is presented in this paper. What differentiates this method compared to the traditional approach, is the consideration of the high power var...

The objective of this paper is to review and elaborate qualitatively and quantitatively the benefits of wind-based hybrid power plant (HPP) as compared to individual wind/PV power plant. A set of analyses are performed to assess annual energy production/capacity factor, power fluctuations and ramp rates of HPP production and to identify different o...

Presently, there is a large need for a better understanding and extensive quantification of grid stability for different grid conditions and controller settings. This article therefore proposes and develops a novel mathematical model to study and perform sensitivity studies for the capabilities of different technologies to provide Frequency Contain...

In future, large volume of offshore wind power developments can be envisaged in North Sea. Large share of renewables infers large fluctuations. Also, large share of renewables infers large forecast error. These forecast errors and fluctuations create balancing challenges in the power system. A model tool chain encompassing market modelling, forecas...

The increasing share of variable renewable energy (VRE) generation poses challenges to power systems. Possible challenges include adequacy of reserves, planning and operation of power systems, and interconnection expansion studies in future power systems with very different generation patterns compared to today. To meet these challenges, there is a...

Generation capacity adequacy is a major issue in most power systems, but there are many approaches which can be assessed. Power system planners often define target values for the capacity adequacy, which may be achieved through capacity markets/auctions, capacity reserves, or capacity purchases. Wind power contributes to the generation capacity ade...

In this paper the emphasis is on the optimization of synthetic inertial response of wind power plants (WPPs) for power systems with high wind power penetration levels, considering different wind speed operating conditions. The synthetic inertial response of wind power plants can play an important role in the resilience of future power systems with...

Emphasis in this article is on the optimization of the short-term overproduction response of variable speed wind turbines for synthetic inertia provision or fast frequency control. The short-term overproduction response of wind turbines plays a crucial role in the enhancement of the resilience of future power systems with low inertia especially dur...

Environmental sustainability concerns make renewable energy systems (RES) integrated into the grid crucial for future power systems. Amongst RES, wind energy especially offshore wind power plants (OWPP) show huge promise. Increasing penetration of RES requires re-thinking of critical operation states that could lead to an increased risk of generati...

Methods and arrangements for localizing an outage in a power grid. An outage is detected in a power grid , the power grid including interconnected nodes. At least one candidate network topology (in the power grid) with respect to the outage is determined , and power consumption information and measured voltages relative to the nodes in the power gr...

This article concentrates on designing of frequency control and protection strategies for wind turbines during overfrequency emergencies. Critical overfrequency event on NorthEastern part of the UCTE network on 4 th November 2006 is considered as a base case for investigation. A single bus power system model is developed to analyse the protection s...

Increasing levels of penetration of renewables may pose challenges to power system security. When security is compromised due to some disturbances, defence plans must be in place to prevent system blackout. Traditional defence plans have been developed without considering large penetration of renewable generations. Therefore, opportunities and thre...