Katharine Sarikakis

University of Vienna | UniWien · Institut für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft

What is fake news? Who makes it? How is it spread and why is it bad? This brochure is designed to help children understand the complex issue of fake news, to learn how to identify misleading informationand think critically. In an ever changing technological world this work aims to assist children in further developing digital media literacy. Pare...

This chapter focuses on the Emerging Scholars Network. Encouraging openness to emerging scholars, the section has provided a dedicated academic space for scholarship, networking, and representation. The chapter explains how the section worked to lower structural barriers to conference participation and to facilitate a diverse and international mosa...

The Internet is a site of struggle for control over infrastructure, content, and users. The following discussion interrogates the struggles over the governance of privacy and copyright, as two particular sites that have become increas- ingly associated with factors affecting the freedom to access and use content on the internet, as well as expressi...

Journalists are consistent targets of hate speech, which aims at silencing critical voices; yet female journalists encounter forms of hate speech that are unique to their gender. Hate speech against female journalists can have far-reaching implications on journalism practice and society as a whole. This study investigates the macro and micro dimens...

This study explores pressures on civil society organizations (CSOs) that promote gender equality in and through the media. By using cases from five countries-Cyprus, Ethiopia, Hungary, South Africa and Spain, this study maps out the different ways in which media and gender equality CSOs are experiencing shrinking in the communicative space in which...

The focus of this paper is on the role of audiovisual archives for PSBs with regards to their function as democratic and inclusive institutions. We discuss the importance of audiovisual archives as integrated parts of PSBs, argue that accessibility of archives is a universal service and as such, a fundamental factor for PSBs to fulfil their democra...

In many undemocratic countries where conservative law and patriarchal ideas are in place, women are considered second-class citizens particularly in domains of public life. After Iran’s Islamic revolution, Iranian women were confronted with a theocratic regime, which imposed laws and norms, which limited women’s activities and violated earned liber...

Medien sind nicht nur kulturelle Instanzen einer Gesellschaft, die gesellschaftliche Normen und Diskurse als Konstrukteure von Welt präsentieren und in diesem Sinne auch Geschlechterstereotypen aufrechterhalten. Sie sind als Medienindustrie auch ein bedeutender Wirtschaftssektor, der spätestens seit den 1990er-Jahren von einigen mächtigen, global a...

In democracies, the retention of journalistic autonomy from market forces may be perceived as a constant struggle for journalists. On one side are the ideals of the profession: independence, transparency, the purveying of information to citizens so that they have access to a plurality of views and so that the powerful may be held accountable, and i...

Social media, Facebook in particular, is increasingly serving as an alternative platform for discussing politics in Ethiopia. Unfortunately, it has also become a public sphere in which not only political views are shared but also discourses that ridicule women’s increasing role in Ethiopian politics are constructed and disseminated through. By anal...

Is journalism under threat? The image of journalists, as helmeted war correspondents protected by bullet-proof vests and armed only with cameras and microphones, springs to mind. Physical threats are only the most visible dangers, however. Journalists and journalism itself are facing other threats such as censorship, political and economic pressure...

Global movements and protests from the Arab Spring to the Occupy Movement have been attributed to growing access to social media, while without it, local causes like #bringbackourgirls and the ice bucket challenge may have otherwise remained unheard and unseen. Regardless of their nature – advocacy, activism, protest or dissent – and beyond the te...

The chapter examines the ways in which mainstreaming gender into the media has been overlooked in the African Union (AU) gender equality frameworks. The chapter argues that in AU policies, gender in the media is effectively treated as second and last in importance to problems such as poverty, health, security, and education for women. Given the fac...

Purpose This paper is concerned with the place of human rights in the process of technological development but specifically as this process is situated within the corporate-technological complex of modern digital communications and their derivatives. This paper aims to argue that expecting and institutionalizing the incorporation of human rights i...

This article is concerned with the ways in which local/national drama becomes a global success, which strategies are developed to appeal to viewers within different cultural settings and how far this shift is important when re/thinking audience reception studies. The study answers this question by exploring the television (TV) drama series, The Mag...

Throughout history journalism has been perceived by society and the profession as a counterbalance to power abuse, the actor entrusted by the public with the willingness and ability to hold power and especially the State to account. A free public sphere requires free journalism if the principles of enlightenment are to flourish. A free press is inc...

This paper discusses the notion of public-ness in the Public Service Media from within, using the example of their archives. It aims to re-ignite and contribute to the discourse of institution vs organization in the domain of public service media. Using the archives of public service providers in four countries, we argue that the notion of public s...

This chapter discusses film governance in Europe with a specific focus on the normative and structural conditions for public funding. We discuss the role and place of film as both a public good and a market factor in the historical development of film policy in the EU, underpinning regulatory principles and cultural values. The discussion maps the...

Citizens’ distrust in political institutions has reached an all-time high in the European Union in recent years. Since the outbreak of the European sovereign debt crisis in 2009, the public’s faith in the community of nations has slumped, and EU institutions have made slow progress in regaining their citizens’ trust. What began as an economic crisi...

The Internet is a site of struggle for control over infrastructure, content, and users. The following discussion interrogates the struggles over the governance of privacy and copyright, as two particular sites that have become increasingly associated with factors affecting the freedom to access and use content on the internet, as well as expression...

Although new technologies can serve as tools for creating an environment of equal opportunities and empowerment, they also reflect and reinforce an offline gendered social order. The paper examines the emergence of new cultures of control based on technological designs that support infringements of privacy and new practices of surveillance and argu...

Although new technologies can serve as tools for creating an environment of equal opportunities and empowerment, they also reflect and reinforce an offline gendered social order. The paper examines the emergence of new cultures of control based on technological designs that support infringements of privacy and new practices of surveillance and argu...

This article explores the ways in which the concept of privacy is understood in the context of social media and with regard to users’ awareness of privacy policies and laws in the ‘Post-Snowden’ era. In the light of presumably increased public exposure to privacy debates, generated partly due to the European “Right to be Forgotten” ruling and the S...

If we accept that surveillance by the State and ‘sousveillance’ by the media in Western democracies tend towards a relative equilibrium, or ‘equiveillance’ supported by the function of journalism as a watchdog and that the rule of law largely protects fundamental freedoms, this paper argues that the act of ‘mutual watching’ is undesired by the Stat...

Purpose: This paper asks the following research question: What are the policy dynamics of copyright regulation for digital audiovisual (AV) archives in Europe and what is their potential impact? The paper aims to discuss the social relevance of archives, European cultural policies targeting operationalisation of these archives and underpinnings and...

The notion of authorship is a core element in antipiracy campaigns accompanying an emerging copyright regime, worldwide. These campaigns are built on discourses that aim to ‘problematize’ the issues of ‘legality’ of content downloading practices, ‘protection’ for content creators and the alleged damage caused to creators’ livelihood by piracy. Unde...

There is a struggle for control over Communicative Spaces across Europe, now, perhaps more pertinent and urgent than ever: it is the struggle of social actors, private entities and states, aiming to counter-act technological uses that result into unpredictable modes of behaviour. On the one hand, sometimes systematic, sometimes opportunistic approa...

Digital technologies have fundamentally altered the ways in which cultural content is produced, distributed, accessed and enjoyed. Ensuring easy access to digital content online in general and music works in particular has generated a heated debate at the European Union (EU) level over copyright management. Accounting for this has been the longstan...

This paper argues that the notion of 'policy laundering' can be applied to current attempts for the establishment of a new copyright legal order and takes as example the changes to intellectual property law in Spain. The article discusses the complexity of interactions between international and domestic relations within and beyond formal structures...

The question of identity in media policy in Europe has long been one that encompasses much more than ‘just’ the question of construction and reflection of ways of living, perceptions and understandings about oneself and others. Identity as a matter of European media policy has pointed — right from the ‘start’ — to the deeper issues about the existe...

As Europe is facing a continuous financial and, for many, political and social crisis, long-standing issues of European identity, solidarity and democracy reappear more pronounced than before. In these times, often, the historical developments that have given rise to questioning the European project, its legitimacy and potential future, as well as...

The aim of this chapter is to describe the ways in which the processes of media convergence are transforming established paradigms of media regulation. These changes, far from neutral, redefine regulation processes by challenging the notions of citizen and democracy. The text is organised in three parts: first, it discusses the concept of governanc...

This article investigates the flow of communication policy principles across the supranational, international and national levels, through the lens of policy transfer. Policy transfer is a new concept for the field of media and communication studies. The article utilizes and expands on the concept to study the case of digital policy flows between l...

This chapter explores the role of communication and cultural policy in regularizing changes in the regime of accumulation and in the processes of production and consumption of cultural goods. It explores the emergence of new geographies of power in decision-making and the people in production and consumption who define the ways in which the circula...

Securitization of Governance and Public Speech Space, Jurisdiction, and Illusive Media Governance Towards a Media Governance Research Agenda Acknowledgment Notes References

This article argues that the status of migrant subjects is characterized by a loss of communication rights and locates the instances where this loss is most visible. It investigates the process of silencing and immobilization of migrants and the particular forms it takes for female migrants through the disenablement of communicative acts. In this p...

It is true that the question of the media is a question of power. The media landscape in Europe presents a complex, unruly picture, which reveals the ways in which volatile changes in media structures and policies have taken place in the past 20 years. The changes are long-lasting, and as these studies show, the media landscapes are ‘settled’ in ce...

Although new technologies can serve as tools for creating an environment of equal opportunities and empowerment, they also reflect and reinforce an offline gendered social order. The paper examines the emergence of new cultures of control based on technological designs that support infringements of privacy and new practices of surveillance and argu...

The model of Public Service Broadcasting has occupied a special place in the narratives of democracy and citizenship in the Western world. Historically, the PSB system has been seen as a major European institution that embodies all that is considered noble and diachronic of European values, with particular attention to democratic standards of polit...

Greece was accepted as the tenth member of the European Union (then the European Community) in 1978 and joined on 1 January 1981. Greece had 25 MEPS, elected under a party-list system of proportional representation, until 2004, when the number was cut to 24. To accommodated further enlargement, its seats fell to 22 in 2009. Greece is a member of th...

Special Issue: Media Governance: New Policies for Changing Media

This article explores the ways in which gender mainstreaming (GM) approaches have failed to become integrated in the EU media policy framework and seeks to analyse the reasons why. It argues that the degree of implementation of GM in the media policy area depends on the dynamics of structural power determinants, in particular the structure of oppor...

JCER Special Issue Editorial - Media and Communication in Europe: Babel Revisited

The paper explores the ways in which audiovisual media policies articulate a particular agenda for cultural and political diversity in the European Union. It explores the approaches of Canada and EU to the question of social cohesion and problematises their respective agenda priorities. Locating media policy within the globalised context of market...

Much academic research and industrial development explores new ways to create greener and environmentally friendlier chemicals and materials for a variety of applications. A significant part of this work focuses on the development, processing and manufacturing, recycling and disposal of green plastics, adhesives, polymer composites, blends and many...

From the conception to its publication, this book has been a rich, enjoyable and, at times, frustrating transnational journey where we both learned a great deal, not only about our subject matter but also about ourselves. The road was longer than we anticipated, but only because life is unstoppable and all present: the book apart from the standard...

This chapter situates the theoretical framing of the book in literature on media policy, political economy and cultural studies. The chapter positions policy analysis within the study of political institutions as well as the critical approach to media as economic actors. It discusses the context of communication policy within the triangle of market...

This chapter provides an overview of telecommunications policy reform primarily focusing on experiences in the global South, with an emphasis on the political and economic context of Brazil, China and India. It examines both the dramatic pace of policy reform in these rapidly growing economies, as well as on the politicization over the reform proce...

The chapter builds on the previous chapter, by exploring the policy 'wars' on the protection of audiovisual content among the hegemonic powers of the EU and the USA as they compete in the global arena. The chapter refers to protection of cultural goods, the role of the public service broadcasting system in the new policy environment and challenges...

The chapter begins with a historical review of the development of the discourses and policies for the creation of an 'information society' as originated in and dominated the USA and Europe. It explores the ideological frames of the building of ICT policy globally and discusses at length the shaping of national and regional as well as international...

This chapter looks more closely at the material and symbolic debates around the Word Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), introduced in the previous chapter. Drawing of feminist political theory, this chapter argues that articulating a transnational social justice agenda must pay attention to questions of recognition and representation of uneq...

This chapter provides a broad overview of the shifts in communication policy as the nation-state's regulatory capacity is reconfigured in the context of global integration. It locates current dilemmas and tensions associated with the global neoliberal information economy to earlier experiences of international inequality, specifically in relation t...

global Communication Policy regime: insert ‘public’ — press ‘Enter’ In the previous chapter we examined the competing logics behind the normative framework of the emerging information society as produced through alliances between private and public social actors representing interests in both the US and the EU. Although we identified two competing...

This chapter provides a broad overview of the shifts in the field of global communication policy as the nation-state’s regulatory power itself is reconfigured from the post-World War Two era to the current era of global integration. In historicizing the shift in global governance we highlight the various factors which led to the rise and ultimate d...

The three pillars for the construction of information societies are not telecommunications, equipment and software, rather info-ethics, digital education (with an approach on the use and social impact) and real and effective citizen participation in all the phases of the process, from the definition of public policy related to the information socie...