Katharina Scheiter

Universität Potsdam

To effectively adopt technology during teaching, teachers require knowledge of how to operate technology. Especially first-time technology users need knowledge of how to handle digital devices and software programs as a foundation to use technology in the classroom successfully. This knowledge has so far been assessed mainly using self-reports. How...

Strategy instruction and formative feedback are powerful instructional strategies to support learning. However, combining them may not necessarily be effective. Previous research on the combination of strategy instruction and feedback produced both additive and reducing effects on learning. It is an open question whether and under which conditions...

When people navigate a space to perform tasks, their body and eye movements are closely linked. Within the classroom context, characteristics of teachers' body movements may be related to the noticing of relevant classroom events, in particular, visual attention to student disruptions. In the current study, we investigated this relationship in an i...

Accurate monitoring is important, as it guides subsequent control of learning. With multimedia, learners often overestimate their learning. Retrieval practice provides insight into one’s understanding; still, it might not improve monitoring. In an online experiment with two groups, participants (N = 146) performed retrieval practice while studying...

Diagnosing orthopantomograms (OPTs: panoramic radiographs) is an essential skill dentistry students acquire during university training. While prior research described experts' visual search behavior in radiology as global-to-focal for chest radiographs and mammography, generalizability to a hybrid search task in OPTs (i.e., searching for multiple,...

It is well established in educational research that metacognitive monitoring of performance assessed by self-reports, for instance, asking students to report their confidence in provided answers, is based on heuristic cues rather than on actual success in the task. Subjective self-reports are also used in educational research on cognitive load, whe...

Inquiry learning relies on students’ engagement, which is driven by their cognitive and motivational characteristics. The role of student characteristics for inquiry learning has been sparingly investigated and only from a variable-oriented perspective. In contrast, this study employed a person-centered approach to investigate the combined influenc...

During the COVID-19-related school closures teachers and students were challenged to suddenly switch to digital teaching at a distance. In particular, the challenge was to organize high-quality teaching in which students stay on task. Familiarity with technology may have helped to master the situation. However, only few studies so far have examined...

Understanding scientific concepts is a fundamental aim of science education. Conceptual understanding can be fostered through inquiry learning with experiments. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic school closures hands-on experiments could hardly be realized. Fortunately, digital technologies allow for conducting experiments virtually by using in...

Background The use of e‐exams in higher education is increasing. However, the role of student diversity in the acceptance of e‐exams is an under‐researched topic. In the current study, we considered student diversity in terms of three sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, and second language) and three dispositional student characteristics...

To unfold the potential of learning with technology in classrooms, teachers must be prepared to integrate it meaningfully and with high instructional quality. Professional development (PD) is an important avenue for preparing in-service teachers to integrate technology into their teaching. Whereas existing research indicates that teachers’ motivati...

The way medical students learn anatomy is constantly evolving. Nowadays, technologies such as tablets support established learning methods like drawing. In this study, the effect of drawing on a tablet on medical students' anatomy learning was investigated compared to drawing or summarizing on paper. The quality of drawings or summaries was assesse...

There is ample evidence that multimedia learning is challenging, and learners often underutilize appropriate cognitive processes. Previous research has applied prompts to promote the use of helpful cognitive processing. However, prompts still require learners to regulate their learning, which may interfere with learning, especially in situations wh...

Engaging learners in practicing retrieval of learned information fosters the consolidation of learners' mental representations and hence long-term retention. By providing a wealth of evidence for these benefits of retrieval-based learning and thus emphasizing the value of means to consolidate knowledge, retrieval practice research has enriched the...

Optics is a core field in the curricula of secondary physics education. In this study, we present the development and validation of a test instrument in the field of optics, the ray optics in converging lenses concept inventory (ROC-CI). It was developed for and validated with middle school students, but can also be adapted for the use in higher le...

Dieser Artikel beschreibt Experimentiervorschläge zu den Keplerschen Gesetzen im Fach Physik, die anhand eines Modellexperiments mit einem Gravitationstrichter und einer computergestützten Simulation vertieft werden. Dabei steht dieArbeit mit Modellen im Vordergrund, wodurch Schüler/innen ein umfassendes Bild verschiedener Modelle für ein reales Ph...

Creating lasting knowledge is an important goal of education. But how much do students retain what they have learned in school beyond the next class assignment? Is school instruction suitable for creating lasting knowledge and skills? And what can teachers do to foster the learning of lasting knowledge? We present a selective overview of research o...

Spacing repeated study phases across multiple sessions instead of studying and restudying the learning material in one session only is an effective strategy to promote lasting learning. However, most studies demonstrating the spacing effect were conducted in the laboratory, using simple verbal material. Learning in educational contexts differs rega...

Dieser Artikel beschreibt Experimentiervorschläge zu den Keplerschen Gesetzen im Fach Physik, die anhand eines Modellexperiments mit einem Gravitationstrichter und einer computergestützten Simulation vertieft werden. Dabei steht die Arbeit mit Modellen im Vordergrund, wodurch Schüler/innen ein umfassendes Bild verschiedener Modelle für ein reales P...

Die empirische Lehr-Lern-Forschung geht davon aus, dass eine lernförderliche Gestaltung digitaler Lern- und Lehr-Medien auf die Art und Weise abgestimmt sein muss, wie Menschen Informationen verarbeiten und im Gedächtnis speichern.

Guided inquiry learning is an effective method for learning about scientific concepts. The present study investigated the effects of combining video modeling (VM) examples and metacognitive prompts on university students’ (N = 127) scientific reasoning and self-regulation during inquiry learning. We compared the effects of watching VM examples comb...

Optics is a core field in the curricula of secondary physics education. In this study, we present the development and validation of a test instrument in the field of optics, the Converging Lenses Concept Inventory (CLCI). It can be used as a formative or a summative assessment of middle school students' conceptual understanding of image formation b...

Citizen Science projects are continuously growing in popularity as they offer a unique possibility to conduct large-scale research projects as well as allow citizens to broaden their knowledge about the research topic or the process of scientific investigations. However, the benefits for participants vary, depending on the way and the amount of par...

Conducting experiments fosters conceptual understanding in science education. In various studies, combinations of real (hands-on) and virtual (computer-simulated) experiments have been shown to be especially helpful for gaining conceptual understanding. The present systematic review, based on 42 experimental studies, focuses on the following: (1) W...

Background Engaging students in computer‐assisted guided inquiry learning has great potential to scaffold their scientific understanding: Students are expected to improve their scientific problem‐solving skills, and at the same time gain a deep conceptual understanding of the subject‐matter. Additional generative activities such as creating video e...

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Asking students to generate explanations to fictitious others by means of different technologies (e.g., instant messenger, video) has gained popularity in schools. Although the potential of these technology-mediated explaining activities is appealing, less is known whether generating these explanations is effective for school students. Additionally...

Effort students put forth when learning (EFF) is paramount to high achievement in an academic context. However, EFF has been shown to decrease over the course of a student’s school career. Using technology (i.e., computer-based technologies including digital [smart] devices like tablet computers) in classroom teaching might be a powerful way to cus...

The article “Is drawing after learning effective for metacognitive monitoring only when supported by spatial scaffolds?”, written by Julia Kollmer · Katrin Schleinschok · Katharina Scheiter · Alexander Eitel., was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 10 July 2020 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision...

Background When interpreting medical images such as dental panoramic radiographs (Orthopanthomogram, OPT), errors are frequent. Previous research has shown that eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are a supportive training method for medical image interpretation to reduce errors. To date, EMME support for OPTs has not been verified. Objectives...

Video motion analysis allows tracing trajectories of objects in motion and is an established method in physics education. Tablet computers, with their integrated cameras, offer the opportunity to both record and analyze dynamic motions during experiments on a single device. This enables students to work without transitioning the data between camera...

Integrating multiple representations into a coherent mental model is one of the challenges when learning with multimedia. In this experimental study (N=173), we examined how highlighting corresponding information in text-graph learning material can help higher education students to make the necessary connections and improve learning outcomes in two...

In spring 2020, school closures were enacted to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students and teachers faced the challenge of organizing digital teaching and learning without sufficient time to prepare. In this study, we investigated how teachers implemented teaching from a distance and how these different implementations were associated w...

We investigated in an experiment with 180 university students the joint role of prior knowledge, alleged model competence, and social comparison orientation regarding the effectiveness of Eye Movement Modeling Examples (EMME) for supporting multimedia learning. EMME consisted of short videos with gaze replays of an instructed model demonstrating ef...

Zusammenfassung Im Beitrag wird der Stand der Forschung zum Einsatz digitaler Medien im Bildungskontext vor dem Hintergrund zweier Forschungsperspektiven beschrieben. Die erste, schon länger vertretene Forschungsperspektive beschäftigt sich mit dem Lernen mit digitalen Medien. Untersucht werden hier vor allem Lernprozesse und -ergebnisse in Abhängi...

Das Thema Digitalisierung hat – nach einem langen Dornröschenschlaf – das deutsche Bildungswesen erreicht. Meilensteine dieser Entwicklung umfassen unter anderem die Veröffentlichung eines Strategiepapiers der Kultusministerkonferenz (2016) zur ‚Bildung in einer digitalen Welt‘, in der Ziele und Handlungsbedarfe für unterschiedliche Bildungsakteure...

Background Improving scientific reasoning and argumentation are central aims of science education. Because of their complex nature, self-regulation is important for successful scientific reasoning. This study provides a first attempt to investigate how scientific reasoning and self-regulation processes conjointly impact argumentation quality. Meth...

Die Einlösung evidenzbasierter Praxis setzt hohe Anforderungen an die Lehrpersonen und Lehrpersonenbildung. Herausforderungen liegen darin, dass wissenschaftliche Publikationen ein hohes Maß an methodischem und fachlichem Vorwissen voraussetzen, um die Erkenntnisse umfassend verstehen, einordnen und evaluieren zu können. Um den Zugang und die Nutzu...

Although integrating technologies for teaching has received much attention, research demonstrated that teachers rarely use technologies likely because of low levels of technology-related motivation. Theories on teacher motivation such as Expectancy- Value Theory and Technology Acceptance models differ in how they conceive the influence of motivatio...

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Writing explanations has demonstrated to be less effective than providing oral explanations, as writing triggers less amounts of perceived social presence during explaining. In this study, we investigated whether increasing social presence during writing explanations would aid learning. University students (N = 137) read an instructional text about...

Background: It is well established that successful learning with multimedia is challenging, especially for younger learners. Aims: It was investigated whether students would profit from instructional support regarding the use of multimedia learning strategies. Sample: Participants were high school students in 8th, 9th, and 10th grade (N = 168)....

Zusammenfassung Während der durch die Corona-Pandemie bedingten Schulschließungen im März 2020 führten viele Schulen Fernunterricht ein, der häufig ohne wirkliche Vorbereitung als digitaler Unterricht organisiert wurde. Daraufhin war ein verstärkter Austausch unter Lehrpersonen in Online-Communities zu erwarten. Eine Analyse der Kommunikation der O...

Technology integration in the classroom is seen as a crucial factor to enhance teaching and learning processes. Whether and how technology affects student learning, depends on how teachers integrate technology into their classroom practice. To investigate technology integration, we used an experience sampling method with in-service teachers (N = 18...

In this experiment, we examined whether text difficulty moderates the effect of the modality of explaining on students’ learning. Students (N = 115) read a high-difficult and a low-difficult text. Additionally, students generated either a written or an oral explanation. A control group of students retrieved the content. For the low-difficult text,...

In an expertise study with 94 mathematics teachers varying in their teaching experience (i.e., pre-service, induction, in-service teachers), we examined effects of teachers’ professional knowledge and motivational beliefs on their ability to effectively integrate educational technology into their lesson plans. We assessed teachers’ professional kno...

Dieses Kapitel fasst Gelingensbedingungen beim Einsatz digitaler Medien im Unterricht zusammen und erläutert verschiedene empirische Studien der Tübingen School of Education mit Bezug zu kognitiven und motivationalen Voraussetzungen von Lehrpersonen für einen elaborierten Einsatz digitaler Medien im Unterricht.

In dental medicine, interpreting radiographs (i.e., orthopantomograms, OPTs) is an error-prone process, even in experts. Effective intervention methods are therefore needed to support students in improving their image reading skills for OPTs. To this end, we developed a compare-and-contrast intervention, which aimed at supporting students in achiev...

Increasingly more research is exploring how digital media can be used for teaching but is largely focused on how teachers shape technology use. Besides teachers in the classroom, parents at home may also have a pivotal role in shaping students' beliefs towards digital media which are in turn an important precursor to students' use of technology for...

Dental students commit many errors when diagnosing radiographs. To improve performance, students were asked to compare radiographs (with and without disease or with the same disease); relevant structures were highlighted in the radiographs. In a crossover design, students were randomly assigned to two groups differing in training order: Students in...

Being able to categorize objects as similar or different is an essential skill. An important aspect of learning to categorize is learning to attend to relevant features (i.e., features that determine category membership) and ignore irrelevant features of the to-be-categorized objects. Feature variability across objects of different categories is in...

Technology integration in the classroom is seen as an important educational innovation to enhance teaching and learning processes in the 21st century. Teacher motivation has been seen as a critical prerequisite for successful technology integration in the classroom, particularly in early phases of educational innovation. However, whether teacher mo...

Tablets are increasingly being used in classrooms, yet we know little about how students perceive instruction with tablets. Student perceptions come from the perspective of the learner and can help indicate effective integration of technology into the classroom. However, students' perceptions can vary within classrooms depending on their learning c...

The technique of drawing to learn has received increasing attention in recent years. In this article, we will present distinct purposes for using drawing that are based on active, constructive, and interactive forms of engagement. In doing so, we hope to show that drawing to learn should be widely used and that there is good evidence to support its...

In multimedia learning, graphs are seen as just one specific instance of pictorial representations requiring the same cognitive processes as realistic depictions. Accordingly, learning from text‐graph combinations should also benefit from the same instructional support such as signaling of text‐picture correspondences depending on learners’ prior k...

The interpretation of medical images is an error-prone process that may yield severe consequences for patients. In dental medicine panoramic radiography (OPT) is a frequently used diagnostic procedure. OPTs typically contain multiple, diverse anomalies within one image making the diagnostic process very demanding, rendering students’ development of...

A central factor in research guided by the Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) is the mental effort people invest in performing a task. Mental effort is commonly assessed by asking people to report their effort throughout performing, learning, or problem-solving tasks. Although this measurement is considered reliable and valid in CLT research, metacognitiv...

In this study, we investigated whether drawing after learning supports metacognitive monitoring especially when students are supported in their drawing efforts. Therefore, eighty-eight participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. They were asked to learn from a text comprising five paragraphs about the formation of auror...

Das „Handbuch Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung“ bietet aus fachlicher, fachdidaktischer, bildungswissenschaftlicher und schulpraktischer Perspektive einen umfassenden forschungsbasierten Überblick zu allen Bereichen der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung. Das von 174 Autorinnen und Autoren erarbeitete Orientierungswissen wird in 107 Beiträgen präsentiert...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223941.].

Die Wirksamkeit digitaler Medien im Grundschulunterricht wird schon seit dem Multimedia-Boom Mitte der 1990er Jahre heftig diskutiert. Waren es da-mals multimedia-und internetfähige Computer, die völlig neue Lernerfahrun-gen ermöglichen sollten, sind es heute mobile Technologien, wie Tablets, die zu erhöhter Motivation und verbesserten Lernleistung...

Free access until June 07, 2020: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1awRp3QACxdXiX - In this experiment, we examined whether linguistic text complexity affects effects of explaining modality on students’ learning. Students (N = 115) read a high-complex and a low-complex text. Additionally, they generated a written or an oral explanation to a fictious...

Digital drawing can foster learning, but only if the drawing is of sufficient quality. Hence, the focus of the present study was to investigate whether and how two types of drawing support may foster drawing quality and, in turn, learning outcomes. To this end, participants (N = 156) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions, in which they e...

Understanding graphically presented information is an important aspect of modern mathematical and science literacy. In our study, we investigated the influence of basic numerical abilities on students’ ability answer mathematical tasks with information presented in graphs. We analyzed data of 750 German students (grades 9–11) and evaluated the dete...

Eye movements reveal what is at the center of people’s attention, which is assumed to coincide with what they are thinking about. Eye movement displays (visualizations of a person’s fixations superimposed onto the stimulus, for example, as dots or circles) might provide useful information for diagnosing that person’s performance. However, making in...

This contribution is a commentary to a special issue titled “Example‐based learning: New theoretical perspectives and advances to a contemporary instructional approach” published in Applied Cognitive Psychology (2020). In the commentary, the presented research is discussed with respect to three extensions compared with previous research, namely, th...

Expert behavior is characterized by rapid information processing abilities, dependent on more structured schemata in long-term memory designated for their domain-specific tasks. From this understanding, expertise can effectively reduce cognitive load on a domain-specific task. However, certain tasks could still evoke different gradations of load ev...

Das Lernen mit Multimedia (Kombinationen aus Text und Bild) stellt eine Erfolg versprechende Lernmethode dar. Im Beitrag werden zunächst verschiedene Theorien zum Lernen mit Multimedia beschrieben. Diese betonen die Wichtigkeit einer angemessenen kognitiven Verarbeitung multimedialen Lernmaterials. Allerdings haben Lernende oftmals Schwierigkeiten,...

Technological advancements offer new possibilities of interacting with learning materials, including the use of gestures and body movements. The present study addressed the question of how using one's body to enact movements whilst learning about them would affect outcomes. 85 participants were shown either sequences of photographs or videos of fis...