Kashif Mahmud

Midwestern State University | MWSU · Kimbell School of Geosciences

Drylands occupy ~40% of the land surface and are thought to dominate global carbon (C) cycle inter-annual variability (IAV). Therefore, it is imperative that global terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), which form the land component of IPCC earth system models, are able to accurately simulate dryland vegetation and biogeochemical processes. However,...

Atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment (eCO2) can enhance plant carbon uptake and growth1–5, thereby providing an important negative feedback to climate change by slowing the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration6. Although evidence gathered from young aggrading forests has generally indicated a strong CO2 fertilization effect on bio...

Training image-based approaches for stochastic simulations have recently gained attention in surface and subsurface hydrology. This family of methods allows the creation of multiple realizations of a study domain, with a spatial continuity based on a training image (TI) that contains the variability, connectivity, and structural properties deemed r...

Vapour pressure deficit (D) is projected to increase in the future as temperatures rise. In response to increased D, stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (A) are reduced, which may result in significant reductions in terrestrial carbon, water, and energy fluxes. It is thus important for gas exchange models to capture the observed responses...

Atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment (eCO2) can enhance plant carbon uptake and growth, thereby providing an important negative feedback to climate change by slowing the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. While evidence gathered from young aggrading forests has generally indicated a strong CO2 fertilization effect on biomass gr...

The lack of correlation between photosynthesis and plant growth under sink-limited conditions is a long-standing puzzle in plant ecophysiology that currently severely compromises our models of vegetation responses to global change. To address this puzzle, we applied data assimilation to an experiment in which the sink strength of Eucalyptus teretic...

Cave drip water response to surface meteorological conditions is complex due to the heterogeneity of water movement in the karst unsaturated zone. Previous studies have focused on the monitoring of fractured rock limestones that have little or no primary porosity. In this study, we aim to further understand infiltration water hydrology in the Tamal...

Quantifying the timing and extent of diffuse groundwater recharge is crucial for our understanding of groundwater recharge processes. However, diffuse recharge is notably difficult to measure directly. Our novel approach is to use caves as natural observatories of ongoing diffuse recharge process, and speleothems (cave carbonate deposits such as st...

Cave drip water response to surface meteorological conditions is complex due to the heterogeneity of water movement in the karst unsaturated zone. Previous studies have focused on the monitoring of fractured rock limestones that have little or no primary porosity. In this study, we aim to further understand infiltration water hydrology in the Tamal...

Limestone aeolianites constitute karstic aquifers covering much of the western and southern Australian coastal fringe. They are a key groundwater resource for a range of industries such as winery and tourism, and provide important ecosystem services such as habitat for stygofauna. Moreover, recharge estimation is important for understanding the wat...

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Roles of Transpiration, Forest Bioproductivity and Fire on a Long-Term Dripwater Hydrochemistry Dataset from Golgotha Cave, SW Australia Pauline Treble and the southwest Australian speleothem research team Golgotha Cave is located in a forested catchment in SW Australia where evapotranspiration losses from the vadose-zone are high and forest bio...

Limestone aeolianites constitute karstic aquifers covering much of the western and southern Australian coastal fringe. They are a key groundwater resource for a range of industries such as winery and tourism, and provide important ecosystem services such as habitat for stygofauna. Moreover, recharge estimation is important for understanding the wat...

Caves are an ideal observatory of infiltration water in karstified limestone, and the application of remote sensing techniques can bring new insights toward flow patterns and processes. We present an exhaustive characterization of Golgotha Cave in SW Western Australia, based on a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) measurement campaign. The cave is...

Hydraulic conductivity is one of the most critical and at the same time one of the most uncertain parameters in many groundwater models. One problem commonly faced is that the data are usually not collected at the same scale as the discretized elements used in a numerical model. Moreover, it is common that different types of hydraulic conductivity...

Bangladesh sustains mainly on its industry business both in socio economically and geographically. Industries mainly pharmaceutical industry is one of those which signify not only for its revenue but also for the safety and proper medication depends on it as long as the health issue is concerned. Now-a-days the importance is focusing on burning iss...

This research is undertaken to investigate various operating conditions for minimising sludge disposal and maximising chemical oxygen demand from leachate. With conventional extended aeration process the optimum removal of COD and colour were 36% and 24% respectively. In Fenton process, for optimum pH of 5 and optimum H<sub align="right"> 2 </sub>O...

From the very beginning of industrialization in Bangladesh, tanning industries have been playing a significant role in the country’s economy. Due to its importance as a labor based export oriented industry the full flourish of this industrial sector is essential. But due to the absence of proper waste management, using inferior technologies, lack o...

The ship breaking and recycling industry (SBRI) offers a sustainable way of disposing of old vessels economically as well as environmentally to some extent with virtually every part of the hull and machine complex being reused or recycled as scrap metal. Currently, the global center of the SBRI is gravitating towards developing countries located in...

The textile dyeing and washing industry plays an important role in the economical growth as well as the environmental sectors of Bangladesh, contributes significantly to the textile and clothing export trade. But the textile dyeing industries has been condemned as being one of the world's most offenders in terms of pollution. Bangladesh has now bec...

The aim of this research was to determine appropriate treatment technique for effective treatment of heavily polluted landfill leachate. We accomplished several treatment experiments: (i) aerobic biological treatment, (ii) chemical coagulation, (iii) advanced oxidation process (AOP) and (iv) several combined treatment strategies. Efficiency of thes...

Making our homes greener requires optimization of environmental impacts through efficient use of energy, water and building materials and proper disposal of waste. The study is an attempt to build greener homes by introducing codes leading to a rating system to minimize the environmental damage during its life span and to revolutionize the design o...

Design of flexible pavement is largely based on empirical methods using layered elastic and two ­dimensional finite element (FE) analysis. Currently a shift underway towards more mechanistic design techniques to minimize the limitations in determining stress, strain and displacement in pavement analysis. This research documents the use of 3D finite...

This research was undertaken to investigate various operating conditions of Fenton treatment process for minimizing the sludge production and maximizing COD as well as colour removal from landfill leachate. Sample was collected from Matuail landfill site , one of the major landfill sites of Dhaka City Corporation. For optimum pH value of 5 and opti...

Building contributes almost 40% of CO2 emissions and is a major contributor to the green house gas (GHG) emissions. Different types of construction materials possess a wide variation of embodied energy and emit CO2 at different magnitudes during its life cycle. Selection of appropriate construction materials can considerably cut down CO2 emissions...

This research was undertaken to investigate various operating conditions of Fenton treatment process for minimizing the sludge production and maximizing COD as well as colour removal from landfill leachate. Sample was collected from Matuail landfill site, one of the major landfill sites of Dhaka City Corporation. For optimum pH value of 5 and optim...

The textile dyeing and washing industry plays an important role in the economical growth as well as the environmental sectors of Bangladesh. The textile dyeing industries has been condemned as being one of the world's most offenders in terms of pollution. There are many dyeing industries in Bangladesh which are mainly located at Gazipur and Narayan...

The ship breaking and recycling industry (SBRI) offers a sustainable way of disposing of old vessels economically as well as environmentally to some extent with virtually every part of the hull and machine complex being reused or recycled as scrap metal. Not only it supplies a substantial quantity of scrap metal for the iron and steel industries it...

Rapid global warming has caused fundamental changes to our climate. Specially, the people living in Dhaka city are facing the worst sufferings than any other cities in Bangladesh. The waste in Dhaka comprises mainly 60% of organic waste which can produce landfill gas (methane) upon decomposition. It could be added that waste management generates ca...

The composition of landfill leachate is complex due to the conditions within a landfill such as chemical and biological activities, moisture content and the degree of stabilization. Treatment methods must be matched to the actual characteristics of the leachate under examination. In particular, conventional biological methods, which are frequently...