Karthikeyan Pethusamy

• MD, PhD
• Assistant Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid precursor cells, presenting significant therapeutic challenges. NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress, which may contrib...

SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) is a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits in the SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. It is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the mammalian cell cycle components and other target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription....

SKP2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) is a member of the F-box family of substrate-recognition subunits in the SCF ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. It is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation in the mammalian cell cycle components and other target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription....

QDs are semiconductor nanocrystalline materials with distinct optical and electronic characteristics due to their microscopic size and quantum mechanical properties. They are often composed of materials such as cadmium selenide (CdSe), cadmium telluride (CdTe), or indium phosphide (InP) and are typically in the size range of 2 to 10 nanometers in d...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic cost 7–8 million deaths worldwide, creating an unprecedented health and economic crisis. Affecting 700 million people globally, the magnitude of this pandemic is far from anything that humanity has encountered in recent times. A detailed investigation revealed that more than the severe acute respirat...

Background Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and progression to acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplasia-related (AML-MR). A major mechanism of pathogenesis of MDS is the aberration of the epigenetic landscape of the hematopoietic stem cells and/or progenitor cells, especially DN...

The COVID-19 pandemic cost 7-8 million deaths worldwide, creating an unprecedented health and economic crisis. Affecting 700 million people globally, the magnitude of this pandemic is far from anything that humanity has encountered in recent times. A detailed investigation revealed that more than the SARS-CoV2 virus, the hyperactive immune system m...

Objective Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level remains the gold standard test for the assessment of glycemic control, and it reflects the mean glucose values in the previous 3-month period. HbA1c is expressed as a percentage, whereas the monitoring and treatment of diabetes are based on blood glucose levels expressed as mg/dL. It is appropriate to make it...

A biomarker is a measurable indicator used to distinguish precisely/objectively either normal biological state/pathological condition/response to a specific therapeutic intervention. The use of novel molecular biomarkers within evidence-based medicine may improve the diagnosis/treatment of disease, improve health outcomes, and reduce the disease's...

While considerable information exists on the ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) mutational landscape in AML, the information on TET2 expression is limiting. So, we aimed to study the TET2 expression at mRNA and protein levels in AML patients compared to healthy controls. To achieve this, we recruited 70 non-M3, de novo AML patients and 20 healthy co...

A healthy host-microbiome relationship, crucial for intestinal homeostasis, is established early in postnatal life. Imbalance in the neonatal microbiome may lead to the development of chronic pathological conditions later in life. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is increasingly being linked to the etiology of both intestinal and systemic illnesses...

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the minor population of cancer originating cells that have the capacity of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity (when transplanted into an immunocompromised animal). These low-copy number cell populations are believed to be resistant to conventional chemo and radiotherapy. It was reported that metabolic adap...

Cell to Cell communications is the pivot for life processes. Any event that disrupts this leads to the loss of physiological function, eventually leading to cell death. Evolutionarily, cells developed an elaborate mechanism to undertake this paramount responsibility through cell surface glycocalyx, receptors, integrins, and other recognition molecu...

Introduction: N-6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common, dynamic and reversible RNA modification with implications in various cancers including leukemia. Deregulation of m6A writer METTL3 has been shown to promote disease progression in various cancers, including Acute Myeloid Leukemia(AML). Overexpression of METTL3 led to increase in cell growt...

Ruby Dhar,1 Karthikeyan Pethusamy,1 Babban Jee,2 Subhradip Karmakar1 1All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; 2Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, New Delhi, 110001, IndiaCorrespondence: Subhradip Karmakar Email subhradip.k@aiims.eduAbstract: With about 0.4– 0.5 million COVID...

COVD-19 caused due to SARS-CoV2, family of Coronaviridae, the order Nidovirales, and the genus Coronavirus. A zoonotic spillover infection from bats to humans through some intermediate host was proposed to be responsible for its origin. This theory gained traction and raised no concern because our experience with other pathogenic viruses with human...

Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses specific components of a person's immune system to fight diseases. This is usually done by stimulating or assisting one's immune system is attacking the offending agent - for instance, in the case of cancer - the target of immunotherapy will be cancer cells. Some types of immunotherapy are also called biologic...

Cytosine methylation is a well-explored epigenetic modification mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) which are considered “methylation writers”; cytosine methylation is a reversible process. The process of removal of methyl groups from DNA remained unelucidated until the discovery of ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins which are now consi...

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gut microbiota is involved in the metabolic transformations of dietary components into oncometabolites and tumor-suppressive metabolites that in turn affect CRC development. In a healthy colon, the major of microbial metabolism is saccharolytic ferm...

Implantation in humans is a multistep process that involves apposition, adhesion, and invasion of the developing blastocyst into the receptive maternal endometrium. Though significant volume of research in this direction has identified important players orchestrating this delicate process, there are still gaps in our understanding of all the sequen...

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and it is a major cause of long-term, physical, psychological, and social disability among the elderly. Increasing evidence shows that ischemic injury and inflammation account for its pathogenic progression. So, we studied the association of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) p...

COVID-19 is a pandemic of disproportionate magnitude. Its devastating effect seems to have a more significant impact on the emerging economies like India and the rest of SE Asia, which also has regions harbouring some of the world's highest population density living under poor socio-economic condition. What seems to have originated from one just on...

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are one of the largest groups of positive‐sense RNA virus families within the Nidovirales order, which are further classified into four genera: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. Coronaviruses have an extensive range of natural hosts and are known to be responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases in multiple species. Severe acute...

COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving medical emergency that has drawn global attention, unprecedented in any disease of its kind in recent times. The magnitude of the health crisis emerging from this pandemic has overwhelmed health care workers worldwide and called in for extraordinary measures to contain this virus. A simple Pubmed query on “COVID-19” r...

Salient Features: • Based on the new CBME curriculum • Concise, Colourful and Conceptual • Reader-friendly, Up to date, Fully illustrated • Quick revision points, MCQs and SAQs at the end of every chapter • Companion Android app – Biochemistry with Dr Karthi

Salient Features of the book • Based on the new CBME curriculum • Concise, Colourful and Conceptual • Reader-friendly, Up to date, Fully illustrated • Quick revision points, MCQs and SAQs at the end of every chapter • Companion Android app – Biochemistry with Dr Karthi

Context: Dyslipidemia plays a crucial role in atherogenesis, in both prediabetes and diabetes. There persists a lacuna in the evaluation of postprandial lipid parameters in prediabetes. Aims: To comparatively evaluate fasting and postprandial blood lipid parameters and atherogenic lipid ratios for cardiovascular risk assessment, in prediabetes a...

Objective: Pabda (Ompok bimaculatus) is a freshwater catfish, largely available in Asian countries, especially in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal. This fish is highly valued for its fabulous taste and high nutritional value and is very popular as a rich source of proteins, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamins and mineral for growing chi...

Melanin refers to a group of natural pigments found in the animal kingdom and fungi.

Background The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristanus) is native to South Asia and is the national bird of India. Here we present a draft genome sequence of the male blue peacock using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT). Results ONT sequencing gave ∼2.3-fold sequencing coverage, whereas Illumina generated 150–base pair paired-end sequence data...