
Karthik V ShankarAmrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham | AMRITA · Department of Mechanical Engineering
Karthik V Shankar
Doctor of Philosophy
Open for collaborations in the field of Alloy development, MMC, and powder metallurgy. kashankar1088@gmail.com
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Publications (73)
Biodegradable Mg alloys are one of the most promising materials for implant applications, for which the widespread use is hampered by rapid degradation in physiological environment. The present study explores the development of a novel zinc-oxide (ZnO) loaded stearic acid (SA) coating on medical grade WE43 alloy using a facile, and environment-frie...
Composite sandwich structures are essential in aerospace, automotive, and maritime applications and offer significant benefits in aircraft performance, efficiency, and safety. The present study aimed to compare the performance of different additively manufactured core structures (honeycomb, triangular, and tri-hexagonal) in sandwich-structured comp...
The automotive, aerospace, and sports industries are increasingly utilizing hybrid composites made from natural fiber reinforcements. This study evaluated the performance of a composite made from kenaf and pineapple fibers, manufactured using the compression molding process, with graphene nanoparticles added at varying weight concentrations of 0.5,...
The present work aimed to examine the influence of Lanthanum (La) on the morphological, mechanical, and tribological characteristics of Al-6.6Si-0.2Mg alloy. The alloy specimens were exposed to an aging process at 180 °C for 8 h and 12 h. The morphological transformation due to La addition was analysed with an emphasis on altering primary and eutec...
Adhesively bonded joints play a vital role in improving the structural performance of 3D‐printed components. This research aims to examine the effect of graphene inclusion on the failure load and vibrational behavior of polylactic acid flat‐joggle‐flat (FJF) joints prepared using fused deposition modeling. The present research focused on the effect...
In this study, areca/ ramie fibre-reinforced hybrid composites were fabricated by modifying the weight percentage of graphene nanoparticles (0.50 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.50 wt%, 2.0 wt%) using the compression moulding technique. Graphene-reinforced adhesives were prepared using the ultrasound sonication method. The structural behaviour of the hybrid compos...
Improving weld quality, enhancing weldment properties, and reducing failure rates were the primary objectives of this research. To achieve the above characteristics, a simulation was conducted for dissimilar welding of IN625 and SS316L using an autogenous approach. ANSYS software was utilized to forecast temperature distribution, weld pool characte...
This research aims to use energy harvested from conductive materials to power microelectronic components. The proposed method involves using vibration-based energy harvesting to increase the natural vibration frequency, reduce the need for battery replacement, and minimise chemical waste. Piezoelectric transduction, known for its high-power density...
In the current study, a novel experimental approach was used to fabricate a biobased packaging film made of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blended with cellulose (CL) and gallic acid (GA). By adding 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt% of GA to PBAT and cellulose in a 70/30 (w/w) ratio, PBAT composites have been produced using the solutio...
In the last decade, additive manufacturing’s ability to produce customized parts with complex shapes has led to increased global demand for this technology as a manufacturing solution in various engineering fields, from consumer goods, medicine, electronics, and construction to automotive and aerospace. Three-dimensional-printing-based technologies...
Sub-melting temperature bonding has the advantages of joining ferrous and non-ferrous material with a lack of filler metal, flux, shielding gas and shorter welding periods, allowing dissimilar welding. This research examines the impact of varying friction pressure (FRT), forging pressure (FP), and friction time (FT) on the rotary friction welding o...
This research investigates the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of LM25 (Al-Si-Mg) alloy and Cr-modified LM25-Cr (Al-Si-Mg-Cr) alloy. Microstructural analysis reveals distinctive ε-Si phase morphologies, with Cr addition refining dendritic structures and reducing secondary dendrite arm spacing in the as-cast condition. Cr modific...
The selection of process parameters is crucial in 3D printing for product manufacturing. These parameters govern the operation of production machinery and influence the mechanical properties, production time, and other aspects of the final product. The optimal process parameter settings vary depending on the product and printing application. This s...
3D-printed ABS samples are treated with acetone and coated with copper oxide (CuO) for varying durations to understand how these treatment processes affect their mechanical and tribological properties. Tensile strength, flexural strength, coefficient of friction, and wear of ABS were analyzed under various pre-treatment and coating conditions and i...
Over the past few years, the research community has witnessed a burgeoning interest in biomimetics, particularly within the marine sector. The study of biomimicry as a revolutionary remedy for numerous commercial and research-based marine businesses has been spurred by the difficulties presented by the harsh maritime environment. Biomimetic marine...
Aluminium and its alloys have been garnering significant attention for a long time. These alloys find application in the automobile, marine, and in aviation industries. Al–Si–Mg alloys in particular provide a superb mix of ductility and strength. Multiple experimental investigations have demonstrated that the presence of precipitate phases signific...
The demand for hybrid composites has lately increased due to their extraordinary qualities, which include unique mechanical, tribological, and physical capabilities not found in other materials. These composites improve performance and utility by mixing different reinforcing components, making them highly sought after. However, there is a study gap...
In this work, the A354 alloy is reinforced with fly ash ceramic particles to study the dry sliding wear features of the developed aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC). The metal matrix composite (MMC) of varying wt.% (5, 10, and 15) of fly ash was synthesized through a liquid metallurgy route. The developed AMMC was characterized by microstructu...
The demand for renewable energy has prompted an increasing interest in wind turbine technology, where efficient and reliable brake systems play a critical role in ensuring safety and performance. This study investigates the brazing process to join sintered iron to mild steel for wind turbine brake pad applications. The sintered iron components were...
The paper investigates the effect of main parameters on particle distribution in centrifugally cast magnesium matrix composites using theoretical and experimental studies. The study aims to depict solidification impacts on particle movement, along with other main forces. The findings demonstrate that the rotation speed, solidification interval, and...
This work focuses on fabricating iron-based composite brake pad material with novel praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) reinforcement through powder metallurgy. The influence of lubricants (Cg: BP01 and h-BN: BP02) on the microstructural evolution , microhardness, and tribological characteristics of the specimen is characterized. The average microhardness...
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys, with their mechanical behavior, biodegradable material with unique antibacterial features, and nontoxicity, find potential application in the field of Biomedical nevertheless, its high level of reactivity limits its usage. One promising way to enhance mechanical behavior is to fabricate Mg-based alloy using the powder...
Aluminium and its alloys have a wide range of applications, especially in the automotive sector. Typically, aluminum alloys are utilized in pistons and cylinders of automotive engines. Hence, repeated sliding with low amplitude (fretting) under adverse thermal and mechanical loading conditions dominates the wear of components. In this present work,...
The solutionizing temperature effect on the dry sliding wear performance of cast T6 heat-treated Al–Si–Mg-Ni hypoeutectic alloy is explored in this work. The alloys were melted and transferred into a pre-heated metallic die using an electric furnace to produce cast rods of ɸ 32 mm × 150 mm in length. The cast alloys were solutionized for 8 h at 450...
A newly developed single BCC phase 30Nb5Ta30Ti15V20Zr refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) has been designed for low density, high mechanical properties, and superior fretting wear resistance. In this study, we focus on the study of the fretting wear resistance in a comparison with Ti6Al4V alloy. The 30Nb5Ta30Ti15V20Zr demonstrated the better frett...
The current work investigates the morphological, mechanical, and wear behavior of Cu–6Sn–10SiC metal matrix composites processed through green, conventional, and microwave sintering. The change in hardness and wear characteristics were correlated to the developed composites' morphological behavior. Wear tests were conducted on the composites agains...
The present review article evaluates the research and progress status of Cu–Ni–Sn-based spinodal alloys focussed on the methods and technologies implemented to enhance the properties of cast Cu–Ni–Sn alloys in industrial applications, particularly in components such as bearings, bushings, propellers, and impellers that find extensive demand in the...
COVID-19 is an epizootic and life-threatening outbreak affecting millions of people globally. Coronavirus variants have emerged in different locations since their origin. Silver and its compounds, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have been used in the medical field for a long period, especially in surgical treatments. The anti-microbial and...
In this current article, an effort was made to briefly study the impact of magnesium content on the mechanical and metallurgical performance of as-cast Zn-Al-Si-Mg alloy. Zinc, aluminium, and silicon of appropriate weight quantities were melted in an electric furnace, and magnesium of varying quantities (1-5wt%) was added to the melt to obtain rect...
Machinability analyses of metal matrix composites are essential for manufacturing industries. The current study is focused on the mathematical modeling of the machinability of an in-situ synthesized RZ5-8 wt.% TiB2 composite using the Taguchi design statistical tools and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Taguchi's method indicates that the feed rate is...
The current research was performed to determine the mechanical, metallurgical, and physical performance of regular bronze alloy (Cu–Sn) alloy reinforced with silicon nitride (5, 10, 15 wt%). The metal matrix composite was fabricated through a stir casting technique which was then poured into a metal mould to produce cast rods of dimensions ф 32mm ×...
The authors researched the physical, metallurgical, and mechanical characteristics of A354 alloy (Al-Si-Mg-Cu) reinforced with 5, 10, and 15 wt% of fly ash metal matrix composites. A baseline alloy and three composites were fabricated by a liquid metallurgy route and poured into a permanent mold to obtain cast rods of dimension Φ32 mm × 156 mm. The...
Al-14.2Si-0.3Mg Alloy reinforced with hard phased TiC coarse particulates (10 wt-%) was contrived using the liquid metallurgy route. The so fabricated aluminium metal matrix composites was made to undergo solutionising at 525 0 C for 12 hours in a heat treatment furnace and was subsequently water quenched to room temperature. The developed composit...
Copper (Cu) and its alloys are prospective materials in fighting covid-19 virus and several microbial pandemics, due to its excellent antiviral as well as antimicrobial properties. Even though many studies have proved that copper and its alloys exhibit antiviral properties, this research arena requires further research attention. Several studies co...
The existing work deals with the development of Al-Si-Mg-Ni hypoeutectic alloys and to investigate the impact of solutionising time on their morphology and how these alloys behave mechanically. Al, Si, Mg, Ni of required weight percentages were melted into a clay graphite crucible and the mixture was poured into a permanent mould from which cast ro...
The present article reviews the development of cast aluminium alloy with highlights on improvement in the morphological, mechanical, tribological, and ageing properties of Sr modified Al-Si and Al-Si-Mg alloys. Aluminium and its alloys find application in the automobile and aviation industries. The main objective of utilizing aluminium alloys for s...
The present research deals with the fabrication of Al–Si–Mg-Sr alloy cast using a permanent mould. At different ageing temperatures and time, the cast alloys were heat-treated for the improvement of tribological properties. The alloys were solutionized for 12 h at 525 °C and aged at different ageing temperatures and time. The wear processes paramet...
The article reviews the progress made on bronze alloys processed through various casting techniques, and focuses on enhancements in the microstructural characteristics, hardness, tensile properties, and tribological behaviour of Cu-Sn and Cu-Sn-Ti alloys. Copper and its alloys have found several applications in the fields of automobiles, marine and...
Copper have always been an important material and incorporation of elements into copper for property enhancement. Bronze is a relevant cuprous alloy which is important for many industrial and automotive applications like bearings and machineries. The present research is directed towards the fabrication and tribological analysis of regular bronze (C...
The current work is focused to ascertain the impact on the mechanical and morphological characteristics of hypoeutectic alloy Al–Ni with a range of solution treatment temperatures. Al, Ni, Si, and Mg of necessary weight percentages were melted in a crucible (make–clay graphite) and were cast. The cast alloys were then solutionised for 8 h from 450...
The current paper reviews the research conducted on wrought Cu–Sn, Cu–Sn–Ti and Cu–Sn–Zn alloys intending to reveal the details on morphological and mechanical behaviour during various manufacturing operations. The motivational force of employing copper-based alloys in automotive and marine industries is its mechanical properties and corrosion resi...
Tremendous researches are progressing on Aluminum Matrix composites to get along with extensive use in applications such as automobile, aerospace, marine etc. The present technology demands affordable reinforcement of industrial wastes to produce composite materials. Recent studies have shown that flyash is one of the industrial wastes for reinforc...
Aluminium and its alloys are one of the most common materials used in the aerospace and automotive industry due to its lightweight to high strength ratio, good corrosion resistance, and moderate strength. Hardness and wear rate are the two important properties that restrict the use of these alloys in automobile industries as they possess very low v...
The aircraft wheel hub is an important component of a landing gear system. With tires mounted upon them they support the entire weight of the aircraft during takeoff and landing. The typical aircraft wheel hub is lightweight, strong and made of aluminum alloy. For the last many years, a great number of failures had been reported with aircraft landi...
In this study, vertical centrifugal casting process is used for the fabrication of functionally graded A390 alloy hollow cylinder and Mg & Sr-included A390 alloy hollow cylinder. The commercial CFD software FLOW3D™ is used to obtain the optimum rotational speed for making an optimized hollow cylinder in a vertical centrifugal casting machine. The o...
The current study deals with the development of a hybrid metal matrix composite and studies their wear characteristics. Suitable wt - % of Al2O3/B4C was reinforced into Al-Si-Mg alloy and the composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy route. The developed composites were analyzed for their wear behavior by using a wear testing apparatus. Th...
Aluminium alloys have found application in many areas like aerospace industries and automobiles specifically in Machine tool parts, aircraft wheels, pump parts, marine hardware, valve bodies and automotive pistons, owed to their strength to low weight ratio. The present study deals with the growing demand for more durable aluminum alloys for the en...
The present work deals with the fabrication of composite by varying the silicon weight percentage and keeping the fly ash constant at 10 wt% to obtain hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic aluminium metal matrix composite. The microstructure, worn out surface and change in morphology of the developed composite were studied by using a scanning el...
The current research deals with the effect of solutionising temperature on the morphological behavior, hardness and tensile strength of Al-6.6Si-0.3Mg-3Ni alloys. In this work, the solutionising temperature was varied from 450 °C to 480 °C. The chemical composition of all cast samples was identified by using Arc Spectroscopy. The hardness of the ca...
In the present study, the mechanical performance of age-hardened A356/TiC was investigated. 10 wt% of TiC of 35 µm was added into the melt and using liquid metallurgy route the composite rods were fabricated. The developed hypoeutectic composite was solutionised at 525 °C for 12 h, water quenched and aged at 155 °C for 3 h. Microstructure and hardn...
The current research work includes analysis of the impact of reinforcements B4C /SiC, on the mechanical Properties of Al-6.6Si-0.4Mg alloy. The reinforcement content was varied between 5- wt% and 10- wt% respectively. The mechanical properties- percentage elongation, hardness, tensile and yield strength were observed for varying weight percentage o...
Aluminium alloys have found application in many areas like automobile, aerospace and in fighter jets. The main problem for these alloys are the lack of mechanical properties and wear properties. These mechanical properties have huge effect from the microstructure. For analyzing the performance of the aluminium alloys, a study is carried out to exam...
An investigation was conducted to evaluate the stress corrosion cracking resistance of copper based alloys. Cu, Ni, Sn of appropriate weight percentage were melted in a graphite crucible in an electric furnace under the argon atmosphere. The obtained specimens were solutionised and aged as per standards. The heat treated samples were subjected for...
The objective of this research is to fabricate a ternary alloy (Cu–Sn–Ti), incorporating titanium into bronze with varying weight percentage of titanium (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%) to investigate its impact on microstructural and mechanical properties and wear behavior and to collate these results with those of conventional bronze (Cu–6Sn). The microstructure...
This research assessed the effect of Ti addition on the microstructure, hardness and tensile strength of as-cast Cu-6Sn alloy which is generally used to manufacture bearings, propellers and impellers. The alloying element was added in concentration of 1 wt% and the samples were cast using permanent die casting. Optical microscope and Energy dispers...
The present research includes the analysis of mechanical properties of A356/ hybrid metal matrix composite. The mechanical behaviour - hardness, ductility, tensile and yield strength were studied. Reinforcement of these composite specimens were with a weight percentage of (wt - %) 10%, 20% and 30%. The microstructure of these specimens at different...
Bronze, an industrially relevant material, is always at a constant need for improvement in its properties. It should possess superior hardness, wear resistance and high tensile properties. The microstructure of the composite was characterized by using an optical microscope. The mechanical and tribological tests were carried out on the developed com...
In this paper we describe the preparation of highly transparent and conductive electrodes of thin graphene films prepared on glass substrates via spin coating layer-by-layers with the solution processed graphene produced by mechanical agitation of graphite powder in anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in ddH2O. Thin spin coated graphen...