Karst Geurs

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at University of Twente

Cycling is one of the main transport modes and cycling infrastructure is strongly embedded in transport infrastructure in the Netherlands. Nonetheless, the bicycle network still undergoes frequent improvements and expansions. One of the critical elements in deciding on improvements and expansions is to understand the route choice of cyclists, which...

Studies on the impact of changes in travel costs on car and public transport use are typically based on cross-sectional travel survey data or time series analysis and do not capture intrapersonal variation in travel patterns, which can result in biased cost elasticities. This paper examines the influence of panel effects and inertia in travel behav...

This chapter describes an evaluation of the job access and spatial equity impacts of the Cipularang toll road in the Jakarta-Bandung corridor in Indonesia, which was constructed in 2005. An ArcGIS, transport demand model extension, is used to obtain travel time and generalised cost estimates. The potential access measure and Shen access index are u...

This paper explores relationships between commuting times, job accessibility, and commuting satisfaction based on a large-scale survey applied in the Greater London Area (GLA), the municipality of São Paulo (MSP) and the Dutch Randstad (NLR). Potential accessibility to jobs is estimated under 3 different scenarios: reported actual commuting times (...

This paper provides insight into how variations in Level of Service (LoS) of a toll road, socio-economic attributes, and latent factors simultaneously affect residential location, route, and mode choices across population segments in the Jakarta – Bandung region in Indonesia. Three discrete choice models were developed based on a stated-revealed pr...

This paper examines spatial-temporal inter-and intrapersonal variation in destination choice, based on longitudinal smartphone data for the Netherlands. Mixed logit destination choice models were estimated using two years of data (2014 and 2015) from the Dutch Mobile Mobility Panel, in which over 68,000 trips for 442 respondents were recorded with...

This study assesses the feasibility of photovoltaic (PV) charging stations with local battery storage for electric vehicles (EVs) located in the United States and China using a simulation model that estimates the system's energy balance, yearly energy costs, and cumulative ${\rm{CO_{2}}}$ emissions in different scenarios based on the system's PV...

This paper examines the impact of the perception of bicycle infrastructure on the choice of the bicycle as a feeder mode to access train stations in the Netherlands. The latent factors act in addition to traditional travel time and cost variables, describing the quality of cycling infrastructure at and around railway stations. The analysis is based...

This paper analyzes the changes in spatial–temporal job accessibility by car in the Netherlands during the economic crisis (2009–14). It also assesses which component change is the most determinant in accessibility changes per municipality and part of the day. The paper shows that changes in job distribution reduced accessibility in almost the enti...

This study deals with the influence of the construction of a major toll road on residential location preferences in the Jakarta – Bandung region in Indonesia. A hybrid choice model (HCM) was developed to model the effects of socio-economics, travel characteristics, housing characteristics and latent variables on residential location choice simultan...

Our mobility system is changing rapidly. We are at the crossroad of major changes in the way we travel and deliver goods. Research agendas are adapting to this changed environment with new challenges and opportunities. This paper presents a research agenda for the future of transportation research structured along eight cluster topics of the Networ...

This research study aims at providing new insights regarding attitudes among residents towards the introduction of Mobility-as- a-Service (MaaS). We were especially interested in finding out how likely residents would be willing to use MaaS when introduced in their place of residence. The study involved a quantitative survey and focus group intervi...

This article compares the perceived waiting time of cyclists at signalized intersections with their actual waiting time. We also examine the relationship between demographics (age and gender) and perceived waiting time. Data was collected from May 13 to May 19, 2019 (N = 238). Our analysis shows that cyclists considerably overestimate waiting time...

This chapter analyzes spatiotemporal variations in job accessibility in the Netherlands, with a particular focus on bike-and-ride accessibility. Bike-and-ride incorporates cycling as both a potential access mode and an alternative to public transport. The accessibility provided by the bike-and-ride model is compared to the private car and the walk-...

Cyclists are exposed to direct traffic emissions due to their proximity to on-road vehicles. Several studies associate black carbon (BC) exposure with both mortality and morbidity caused by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. We did a comparative assessment of cyclists' exposure to BC in three cities: London, Rotterdam and São Paulo. We measur...

This study investigates the extent to which the construction of national toll roads in the Jakarta–Bandung region in Indonesia induces the development of local road projects nearby. In doing so, we disentangle the direct and indirect supply effects by considering the year of construction and urban development, respectively. We formulate four binary...

We analyze the impact of different accessibility measures on the interpretation of associated equity analysis using the Gini coefficient and the (pseudo) Palma ratio, and the impact of the method of assigning zonal accessibility on Gini estimation results using four different alternatives. Two types of potential accessibility measures (zonal and pe...

This paper examines the potential of the bicycle, as an access mode for transit trips, to reduce spatiotemporal inequalities in job accessibility in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. Three temporally dynamic potential job accessibility models are developed, (i) a GTFS-based (General Transit Feed Specification) walk-and-ride model, (ii) an integrat...

In recent years there has been a significant increase of temporally variable analyses of accessibility by public transport as a result of the increased availability of open and standardized time table information in the form of GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification) data. To date, very little attention has been paid to systematically analyze the...

This paper analyzes the GPS traces recorded by cyclists in the framework of the Mobile Mobility Panel throughout the Netherlands. The objective of this paper is to analyze bicycle route choice via network attributes and trip length over a sequence of trips by approximately 280 bicycle users, who were asked to register their trips by means of a spec...

In the Netherlands, e-bike ownership and use has rapidly increased over the last decade. A new type of e-bike, the solar bike, has recently been developed. The solar bike is an electric bike with solar panels in the front wheel that charges through sunlight. The aim of this study is to gain more insight in the factors affecting people’s choice betw...

Travel time and activity time have been treated as separate notions, albeit with some assumed interdependencies. But, previous studies show that people accept noticeable higher travel time ratios when travelling by public transport compared with travelling by car. The cost of travel time is reduced as travel time is converted as activity time (towa...

Electric bicycles (e-bikes) are considered a sustainable alternative to automobile transportation today. The electric bike includes all the benefits that conventional bicycles offer, plus faster, more comfortable and longer trips, as well as less effort for the user. In this paper, we specifically focus on a new type of e-bike, the so-called ‘solar...

This paper examines mode choice variation in the Netherlands based on the trip data of 432 respondents from a four-week smartphone-based travel survey. Trip characteristics, including origin and destination location, arrival and departure time, mode and trip purpose, were automatically recorded, but checked and if necessary revised in a web-based p...

En esta comunicación se estudia, para el caso del Randstad (Países Bajos), como la accesibilidad a puestos de trabajo es influenciada por los efectos de la competitividad entre trabajadores y los cambios en el rendimiento de la red de carretera debido a la congestión. Utilizando el método de los coeficientes balanceadores para introducir la competi...

This paper examines the accuracy of trip and mode choice detection of the last wave of the Dutch Mobile Mobility Panel, a large-scale three-year, smartphone-based travel survey. Departure and arrival times, origins, destinations, modes, and travel purposes were recorded during a four week period in 2015, using the MoveSmarter app for a representati...

This paper examines the effects of socioeconomic characteristics, trip characteristics and life events on outdoor leisure activities and leisure duration in the Netherlands, based on 14 554 observations from three waves of data from The Netherlands Mobility Panel (in Dutch: MobiliteitsPanel Nederland). A standard mixed logit as well as a ‘zero-leis...

This chapter describes a case study examining the potential of a community-driven Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) platform in a rural and depopulating area in the Nether- lands. The aim of the 5-year project is to examine if a MaaS platform can be an effective and efficient solution to improve accessibility and liveability of rural areas. The potentia...

This paper examines the influence of panel attrition on the intrapersonal dynamics in self-reported trip rates, using the data from the 2013, 2014 and 2015 waves of the Netherlands Mobility Panel, a large scale household panel. A hybrid choice model (HCM) was developed to simultaneously model the effect of socioeconomic, infrastructure and land use...

This paper analyses the GPS traces recorded by cyclists in the framework of the Mobile Mobility Panel, throughout the whole of the Netherlands. Approximately 280 bicycle users were asked to register their trips by means of a specific smartphone application. Approximately 3500 bike trips were recorded all over the Netherlands, over a four-week perio...

We investigated the determinants of personal exposure concentrations of commuters’ to black carbon (BC), ultrafine particle number concentrations (PNC), and particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) in different travel modes. We quantified the contribution of key factors that explain the variation of the previous pollutants in four commuting routes...

The relevance and complexity of leisure activities is underrepresented in the existing travel behaviour models. Those activities can be as important as commuting activities for transport demand models, given an inherently assorted spatial and temporal distribution. The present paper aims to analyse the effects of socio-economic characteristics, tra...

IntroductionIn the Netherlands, the bicycle plays an important in station access and, to a lesser extent, in station egress. There is however fairly little knowledge in the potential effects of bicycle-train integration policies. The aim of this paper is to examine the impacts of bicycle-train integration policies on train ridership and job accessi...

While most studies on mode choice behaviour and households are typically based on individual travel behaviour decisions, less is known about how relations inside households affect mode choice. This paper addresses this topic by examining intra- and inter-household variation in car use. The decision to use the car is modelled for home-based tours, b...

Accessibility models not only help to explain spatial and transport developments in developed and developing countries but also are powerful tools to explain the equity and efficiency impacts of urban and transport policies and projects. In this book, leading researchers from around the world show the importance of accessibility in contemporary iss...

Accessibility is a key concept in both transport and urban planning. The key aims of transport policies, not only at the urban level but also at the supra-national (for example, European Union), national and regional level, are to improve accessibility. Accessibility is also a key concept that has become central to physical planning and in spatial...

This paper examines the role of perceptions and attitudes in railway station accessibility. We add unobserved (latent) variables to the Generalised Transport Access Cost (GTAC) of cycling to Dutch railway stations in the metropolitan area of The Hague-Rotterdam. A hybrid discrete choice model was estimated for access mode and two latent variables w...

Improvement of chain mobility is considered a major issue in public transport use. Transfers within a public transport trip are the least appreciated part of the trip. This research quantifies the experienced transfer disutility of a transfer between BTM and train. The influence of travel time, transfer time, headway, costs and station facilities o...

This paper describes the performance of a smartphone app called MoveSmarter to automatically detect departure and arrival times, trip origins and destinations, transport modes, and travel purposes. The app is used in a three-year smartphone-based prompted-recall panel survey in which about 600 smartphone and non-smartphone owners participated and o...

De ontwikkeling van openbaar-vervoerknooppunten is een van de speerpunten van ruimtelijk ordeningsbeleid in Nederland. De afgelopen decennia is flink geïnvesteerd in stationsgebieden en verwachtingen over het succes van deze gebieden zijn vaak hooggespannen. Dit paper beschrijft onderzoek naar het succes van stationsgebieden op basis van vier prest...

Liveability along four streets in Hanoi, Vietnam is assessed. Hanoi is a rapidly growing metropolis characterised by high levels of personal motorized traffic. Two high traffic volume streets and two low traffic volume streets were studied using a mixed methods approach, combining the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data on...

Public transport accessibility not only depends on the places and on opportunities that can be reached by transit but also on accessibility to public transport. The characteristics of access and egress modes influence accessibility patterns but also ridership levels of public transport modes. In particular, public transport companies and city plann...

Typically, mode choice behaviour is studied as a function of observed travel factors. Given the importance of unobservable factors on choice behaviour, this paper deviates from this approach. We analysed cycling as mode choice to access railway stations, incorporating latent variables and psychometric data to capture relatively intangible factors t...

Typically, mode choice behaviour is studied as a function of observed travel factors. Given the importance of unobservable factors on choice behaviour, this paper deviates from this approach. We analysed cycling as mode choice to access railway stations, incorporating latent variables and psychometric data to capture relatively intangible factors t...

The current special issue has been inspired by a selection of papers presented at the World conference of transport research (WCTR), held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in July 2013. Selected papers focus on relations between the built environment and travel behaviour. The contributions complement each other as they come from different geographical orig...

In current practice, transportation planning often ignores the effects of major transportation improvements on land use and the distribution of land use activities, which might affect the accessibility impacts and economic efficiency of the transportation investment strategies. In this paper, we describe the model specification and application of t...

This paper analyses the effect of qualitative elements on the access and egress journey to the railways station. A sample of size of 1524 respondents was collected in the area of The Hague-Rotterdam. The respondents completed a questionnaire composed by travel related and psychometric indicators. The statement of preferences approached three issues...

This paper presents an analysis of an adaptive stated choice experiment in the Netherlands to quantify the influence of different factors in the access and egress mode choice to railway stations. For this purpose a sample of 1524 respondents was collected. Mixed logit choice models are estimated which include cost and time factors and variables fac...

Over the past two decades many papers have been published on the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on travel behavior, but the literature focusing on the impact of ICT on accessibility is relatively scarce. In this paper we give an overview of the impact of ICT on four components of accessibility as distinguished by Geurs a...

We examine the accessibility benefits associated with some land-use policy strategies for the Netherlands that anticipate on expected climate change. A disaggregate logsum accessibility measure using the Dutch national land-use/transport interaction model TIGRIS XL is used to compute changes in consumer surplus. The measure provides an elegant and...

This paper uses the automobile market model Dynamo to assess the effects of replacing car purchase and road taxes with CO2-differentiated distance-based user charges in the Netherlands. The effects of this replacement on vehicle size and the composition of the car fleet are estimated, as are the effects on emissions and mileage. We conclude that di...

Accessibility is a concept central to integrated transport and land use planning. The goal of improving accessibility for all modes, for all people, has made its way into mainstream transport policy and planning in communities worldwide. This unique and fascinating book introduces new accessibility approaches to transport planning across Europe and...

Ex ante evaluations of transport policy options (including infrastructure plans) are generally based on cost-benefit analyses (CBA). Accessibility changes are included in such analyses indirectly, via a utilitarian perspective. But accessibility is broader than is assumed by this perspective and also incorporates equity and related distribution eff...

As already described in the preceding chapter, the study ‘The Netherlands in the Future; The Second Sustainability Outlook’ (MNP, 2007) constructed alternative future spatial strategies for the Netherlands and evaluated them using a diverse set of sustainability indicators, such as flooding safety, biodiversity, accessibility and landscape protecti...

This paper presents results from stated choice experiments looking at the influence of positionality in peoples’ choices of passenger cars in the Netherlands. It provides evidence that cars are positional goods and that selected car attributes such as size, engine capacity and interior add to their positionality. This suggests downsizing of cars th...

This paper focuses on the vision of and the pathways towards low-carbon transport systems in the EU. Three interrelated themes are examined. It refers to a report of The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and Stockholm Resilience Centre titled Getting into the Right Lane for 2050, which includes three themes. The first theme is land resour...

Deze paper beschrijft een literatuurstudie naar de relatie tussen infrastructuurkenmerken, bereikbaarheid en criminaliteit. Uit de literatuurstudie blijkt dat er in de afgelopen decennia in het buitenland veel onderzoek is gedaan naar de invloed van de gebouwde omgeving op criminaliteit, maar deze komen niet tot eenduidige resultaten. De literatuur...

Mobiliteitsmanagement is in Nederland enorm in beweging. Dit is in gang gezet door de landelijke Taskforce Mobiliteitsmanagement. Inmiddels hebben vele tientallen werkgevers in Nederland zich verbonden aan een convenant, ook in Twente is dat het geval. De Universiteit Twente is een van 24 werkgevers in de regio Twente die zich heeft verbonden aan h...

The Dutch government has decided to gradually introduce a complex national road pricing system in the years 2012 to 2018. Existing car purchase taxes and the annual road taxes are to be replaced by a kilometre-based charging system. Several appraisal studies have been conducted to examine the impacts of different pricing variants, using the well-kn...

Car purchase taxes in The Netherlands are among the highest in the EU. The Dutch government plans to gradually replace car purchase and ownership taxes by a national road user charging system (kilometre charge) in the period 2012 to 2016. As a result, new and second hand car prices in the Netherlands will drop up to 30%. Relatively little research...

Option values and non-use values are well-known concepts in environmental economics, but so far there been few attempts to apply the concepts to the transportation field. This paper therefore firstly reviews empirical studies on transport option and non-use values, and secondly examines the inclusion of option and non-use values in five rail scheme...

Transport appraisals in European countries increasingly address three dimensions of sustainability—economic, ecological and social. However, social impacts of transport have been underexposed in (ex-ante) transport project appraisal, at least in the Netherlands. Firstly, this article presents a theoretical framework describing the relationships bet...

Conventional approaches to measuring accessibility benefits are not capable of fully measuring the total accessibility benefits of integrated land-use – transport strategies, in which both land-use and transport changes form part of the policy strategy. In this paper a comprehensive methodology for analysing accessibility impacts and accessibility...

Transport option values can be interpreted in terms of a risk premium that individuals with uncertain demand are willing to pay over and above their expected user benefit for the continued availability of a transport facility. These values represent a benefit category not included in conventional transport appraisal. This paper describes a methodol...

This paper examines job accessibility impacts of intensive and multiple land-use scenarios in the Netherlands’ Randstad Area for the period 1996–2030. The scenarios involve a heavy increase in the density and diversity of activities around railway stations. Accessibility impacts are examined using location-based accessibility measures and utility-b...

Despite the wide array of academic research, the impacts of compact urban development are not very well understood. What is lacking are, firstly, the insights into how a region or country would have appeared under policy regimes other than those realised and, secondly, a broad evaluation of relevant land-use, transport, accessibility and related so...

How can accessibility be defined? How useful are different accessibility approaches in evaluating land-use and transport policy strategies? How can the economic benefits associated with accessibility changes be measured? What are the accessibility benefits of having a public transport service available as a transport option for unexpected future us...

Interest in the appraisal of the sustainability impacts of transport policies has grown the last few years, expressing the need for a balanced treatment of economic, environmental and social impacts. This paper represents a first step in creating a framework for Sustainability Impact Assessments; it will also review operational land-use/transport i...

A review of accessibility measures is presented for assessing the usability of these measures in evaluations of land-use and transport strategies and developments. Accessibility measures are reviewed using a broad range of relevant criteria, including theoretical basis, interpretability and communicability, and data requirements of the measures. Ac...

From the papers in this special issue it can be concluded that an environmentally sustainable transport system is attainable with a broad-based and concerted commitment. Environmentally sustainable transport will result in significant changes in the type of passenger and freight transport provided, but this does not lead to economic collapse. Impor...

This paper describes the backcasting approach used in the OECD’s Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Study, in which several countries participated. The backcasting approach can be seen as an innovative tool for policy making, which aims at generating alternative images of the future. These images have been thoroughly analysed as to their f...

This paper describes the backcasting approach used in the OECD's Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Study, in which several countries participated. The backcasting approach can be seen as an innovative tool for policy making, which aims at generating alternative images of the future. These images have been thoroughly analysed as to their f...

Activity-based accessibility measures, describing the level of access to spatially distributed activities, are not put to the same use in land use and/or transport policy evaluations as are infrastructure-based accessibility measures, which describe congestion levels or the average speed on the motorway network. In this paper we attempt to improve...

This reports serves as a background report for the analysis conducted for the evaluation of the Fifth Spatial Planning Programme - Part 1, policy proposals - by the RIVM. This report describes the impacts of land-use scenarios on passenger mobility, accessibility en environmental impacts of transport. The main conclusions are that the further urban...

Current transport models usually do not take motivational factors into account, and if they do, it is only implicitly. This paper presents a modelling approach aimed at explicitly examining the effects of motivational factors on present and future car use in the Netherlands. A car-use forecasting model for the years 2010 and 2020 was constructed on...

This report describes an extensive literature study and three case studies aimed at reviewing accessibility measures for their ability to evaluate the accessibility impacts of national land-use and transport scenarios, and related social and economic impacts. Several activity- and utility-based accessibility measures were computed to analyse job ac...

This article will summarise the results of The Netherlands pilot study commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, and carried out by the Dutch National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). This pilot study differed from existing sustainable transport scenario studies for four reasons: (i)...