Karol Bartoš

Technical University of Košice · Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Geographical Information Systems

Introduction Dobšiná Ice Cave (Slovakia) has attracted the attention of many researchers since its discovery more than 150 years ago. Although the cave is located outside the high-mountain area, it hosts one of the largest volumes of underground perennial ice. The topographic mapping of this unique UNESCO Natural Heritage site has led to several hi...

Because of the international significance of Dobšiná Ice Cave (Slovakia), it is important to have proper data about the state, movement, or decrease of the ice in which various information about past environments can be preserved. Thus, the goal of the study is to find out which of the 3D scanners used here is the most suitable for long-term monito...

This paper covers the spatio-temporal evolution of land surface deformation in the Tisza River basin within the Transcarpathian region, analyzing geodetic observations obtained over the last decade. In the town of Solotvyno, in the western part of Ukraine, near the Romanian border, there is an abandoned salt deposit where salt was extracted in seve...

Geodetic methods are integral to mapping surface and subsurface objects and phenomena. Modern geodetic technologies such as laser scanning and digital photogrammetry have also become a standard part of the mapping and documentation of cave spaces. In some cases, these technologies cannot accurately capture the measured surface and thus provide reli...

Dobšiná Ice Cave has attracted the attention of many researchers since its discovery more than 150 years ago. Although the cave is located outside the high-mountain area, it hosts one of the largest blocks of underground perennial ice. The topographic mapping of this unique UNESCO Natural Heritage site has led to several historical surveys. In the...

The aim of this research is the comparison and subsequent evaluation of the suitability of using SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and multispectral (MSI) satellite data of the Copernicus program for mapping and accurate identification of surface water bodies. The paper considers sudden changes caused by significant climatological-meteorological influ...

Salt deposits were a rich source of mineral resources in the past, and some are still mined today. However, salt mines, especially abandoned ones, pose a threat to populated areas, infrastructure and the natural environment. Solotvyno (Ukraine) is one of the most significantly affected areas, with a deformation zone where significant year-on-year s...

University textbook Earth Observation with ESA Missions is a textbook written primarily for students of the Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, the Technical University of Košice, in the field of study geodesy and geoinformatics. The textbook reflects the current needs and possibilities of education in these disciplines...

Mapping watercourses and their surroundings through remote sensing methods is a fast, continuous, and effective method and is a crucial tool for capturing change and possibly predicting hazards. Thanks to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology and the ability of its backscattered and emitted radiation to penetrate the atmosphere under any condit...

Katarína Pukanská pôsobí ako docentka na Ústave geodézie, kar-tografi e a geoinformatiky na fakul-te Baníctva, ekológie, riadenia a ge-otechnológií Technickej univerzity v Košiciach, kde vedie prednášky a cvičenia v predmetoch Diaľkový prieskum Zeme, Fotogrametria I. a II. a Kozmická geodézia. Špecia-lizuje sa na využívanie laserového skenovania a...

The Ochtiná Aragonite Cave (Western Carpathians) represents a unique natural phenomenon. It originated under particular lithological and hydrogeological conditions of the Ochtiná Karst in which several isolated lenses of Paleozoic crystalline limestone, partly metasomatically altered to ankerite, are enclosed by phyllites. Meteoric water seepage th...

Exploration of surface water bodies and their spatial definition has great importance in water resources management and helps understand hydrological processes in the country. Fast, regular, and effective ways of mapping watercourses and their surroundings through remote sensing methods are crucial tools for capturing change and predicting hazards....

The Ochtiná Aragonite Cave in Slovakia is a world-famous karst landscape of significant geological, geomorphological and mineralogical value. It represents a combined labyrinth consisting of parallel tectonically controlled halls and passages. The dissected and irregular morphologies of the cave were surveyed using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)...

The current trend in the use of remote sensing technologies is their use as a tool for monitoring hard-to-reach areas, objects or phenomena in the alpine environment. Remote sensing technology is also effectively used to monitor geohazards and the development of human-made changes in the country. Research presented in this study demonstrates the re...

This research focused on determining a rotary kiln's geometric parameters in a non-traditional geodetic way-by deriving them from a survey realized by a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The point cloud obtained by TLS measurement was processed to derive the longitudinal axis of the RK. Subsequently, the carrier tires' geometric parameters and shell...

In the presented monograph, we documented the basic research of a geodetic survey of specific irregular surfaces. Based on the research on the behavior of different surfaces, various methods were proposed, and more complex methodological procedures to eliminate the influence of factors negatively affecting the application of non-contact surveying t...

All structures, constructions, facilities and their features built on and under the Earth's surface, as well as the Earth's surface, are subject to constant change, they are in the “movement” (less significant to significant), of which many changes can acquire deforming character and parameters with destructive effects also on the environment. Ther...

The Ochtiná Aragonite Cave (Slovakia, Central Europe) is a world-famous karst phenomenon of significant geological, geomorphological, and mineralogical values. Its specific origin is determined by particular lithological and hydrogeological conditions of the Ochtiná karst formed in lenses of Paleozoic crystalline limestones, partly metasomatically...

Cave tourism (speleotourism) is very popular all over the world within the broader category of geotourism. Slovakia is also well-known for its karst areas and caves, but most of them are not freely open to the public. This paper presents how to make a cave "accessible" without physically entering it. This can be facilitated through the use of digit...

A frequently recurring problem in the extraction of mineral resources (especially heterogeneous mineral resources) is the rapid operative determination of the extracted quantity of raw material in a surface quarry. This paper deals with testing and analyzing the possibility of using unconventional methods such as digital close-range photogrammetry...

When surveying through a water surface, a distortion of several centimetres caused by the refraction and the change in the velocity of the electromagnetic waves can be observed. Therefore, neither the position nor the height of an underwater point (object), which can be seen from above the water surface, is correctly measured. The authors want to p...

The knowledge of the hull shape and geometry of a racing vessel is one of the most important factors for predicting boat performance. The Offshore Racing Congress (ORC) rating system specifies the calculation parameters of the hydrodynamic forces of boat lift and drag on the basis of input data as the length of waterline while sailing, displacement...

Geodetic inventory of complex architectural complexes-technological facilities in industrial plants, refineries, complex constructions, buildings, etc. is a complex task. Inventory carried out with advanced measurement techniques requires synchronization of the apparatus, taking into account the specificity of the spatial structure of the object an...

Historical monuments are unique witnesses of our history. In the last decades, we have seen a tremendous development of information technology together with the technological development of surveying instruments. The direction of development is focused on technologies allowing collection of large amounts of spatial data by non-contact methods withi...

The objective of this paper is a geodetic measurement of the Medvedia (Bear) Cave, the largest and most beautiful cave in the National Park of Slovenský raj. The cave itself is part of the cave complex under the Glac plateau. This cave filled with beautiful stalagmites, stalactites and other cave formations was created by river erosion in tribasic...

Currently, trigonometric levelling is becoming increasingly widespread, mainly due to the increase in accuracy of stations that can measure angles with seconds and distances with submillimetre accuracy. The paper deals with the analysis of the sources of errors affecting the accuracy of results. It also describes a design of observational methodolo...

Slovakia belongs to countries with wonderful and peculiar nature. One of the remarkable natural phenomena, which appeal to the general public as well as various scientists by its sights, are caves. Compared to other natural phenomena, they are characterised by many distinctive and unique features, which enhance the mystique of the underground. At p...

Refraction is a physical phenomenon that a surveyor encounters relatively often during practical field measurements. Atmospheric refraction, either vertical or horizontal, which is caused by the diffraction of optical properties of the environment by the temperature difference of air layers, is one of the most frequent types of refraction. In non-t...

Deformation analyzes are important for long-term monitoring of areas, where, in the first place, it is necessary to take into account human safety and environmental protection for the purpose of sustainable development of human society. The quality of the results of deformation analysis will also be affected by the quality of establishment of the g...

Underground spaces are often characterised by complex morphology and, in some cases, also by a large area, and they often need to be surveyed and mapped with a sufficient accuracy. A 3D digitisation of such spaces is appropriate for more accurate mapping of complex morphology of underground spaces. It allows not only to, for example, identify dislo...

In the issue of height compatibility of different types of vertical controls (levelling, trigonometric, GPS, etc.), only levelling point fields, respectively, networks, that are so far dominant not only for the vertical expression of points relative to the geoid, or quasigeoid, but also in terms of the technology and accuracy of height determinatio...

Every survey control point (horizontal and vertical) has a physical mark and assigned numerical data (coordinates and heights) from certain reference systems, which should be related to a survey mark of this point. So far as those determining attributes are in stochastic planimetric or altimetric identity, the point can be considered as compatible,...

The verification of the compatibility of points of spatial networks forms a very important component of completion and extension of networks by new points required for accurate geodetic activities. Therefore, it is necessary to have a quality geodetic control. A quality geodetic control can be achieved not only by new and quality measurement of new...

By using the GNSS technology (GPS, GLONASS, …), spatial positions of points in 3D coordinate systems (WGS-84, ETRS-89, …) are determined. As required by their geodetic use, they may or may not be transformed into national planimetric or/and vertical coordinate systems. Afterward, also the quality (or stability) of determined points is assessed sepa...

The compatibility of height points HL, i.e., a geometric height identity of horizontal tangent plane of height survey mark (Fig. 4. 1) with height data h from a certain vertical datum S(h) defined relative to the geoid or quasigeoid by the relevant level surface of the field of gravity (tangential to the survey mark), is just as important for the c...

This work deals with the issue of geodetic network structures, i.e. methods of verifying the condition of existing geodetic controls in terms of their compatibility and thereby their applicability. The presented work addresses these problems only for geodetic controls on a local scale. This is a common surveying issue in a number of countries, espe...

Consider the position of points defined by coordinates C = [X, Y] in a specific planimetric system S(XY), which are properly monumented on the earth surface or objects. It is obvious that each point, as stated in Chap. 2, must be identified and defined by the following two fundamental components in terms of its functionality.

The verification of compatibility of points in planimetric geodetic controls that are part of national, regional network structures, or individual local, purpose-built networks represents a very important component of all processes of complementing and expansion of networks by new points that are necessary for different geodetic activities, requiri...

Terrestrial laser scanning was used for a detailed survey and 3D visualization of the Dupnica Cave. This cave of disputable origin is located at the fault zone among the Zapadne Tatry Mts., Chočske vrchy Mts. and Liptovska kotlina Basin (the northern part of Slovakia). The cave plan drawn based on a classic surveying is too generalizing. It does no...

The documentation of cultural heritage is an essential part of appropriate care of historical monuments, representing a part of our history. At present, it represents the current issue, for which considerable funds are being spent, as well as for the documentation of immovable historical monuments in a form of castle ruins, among the others. Non-co...

The current technological era provides a wide range of geodetic procedures and methods to document the actual state of objects on the Earth surface and at the same time course and shape of surface itself. Digital photogrammetry is one of these technologies, it allows the use of methods such as single-image photogrammetry, stereo photogrammetry (opt...

The paper deals with the use of terrestrial laser scanning for the determination of a deformation extent of high-capacity tank resulting from a pressure equalisation of exterior and interior, i.e. an implosion. The methodology of survey and the interpretation method of the deformation extent is innovative in this field. The processing was realized...

A multi-image orientation is one of the most important tasks in photogrammetry and 3D modelling in computer vision. The accuracy of image orientation and camera calibration significantly influences the quality of all consecutive processes, such as a determination of spatial coordinates of individual points or 3D modelling. Therefore, orientation an...

Historical monuments, whether in the form of immovable objects or movable antiquities, are part of our lives, they represent our history and should be also maintained for future generations. That can be done as an appropriate care about them or as a documentation of their current state. Nowadays, in the world full of information and digital technol...

In the area of spatial survey and modelling of irregular shapes of Earth's surface and complex structures, non-contact survey technologies are currently widely used. At present, terrestrial laser scanning, Lidar and terrestrial or aerial photogrammetry maintain probably the most important role within fast, accurate and mainly safe methods for obtai...

This article deals with issues of measuring hardly accessible historical monuments on the example of the Slanec castle, Slovakia. In the first phase the convergence case of close-range photogrammetry was applied using digital camera Pentax K10D. Subsequently was created its 3D model in the PhotoModeler Scanner software. Special attention was paid t...

The paper analyses the possibility of a convergent frame and photogrammetric scanning documents and the possible reconstruction of archaeological artefacts from the terms of accuracy and quality of the resulting model, appropriateness of use and time consuming processing of mentioned methods. Results orientation and execution as well as the advanta...

Since the digital levels operate on the principle of image processing of the bar code of levelling rod, recorded by a CCD sensor, the proper lighting (i.e. illumination of the bar code) is important to achieve accurate results. The prevention of inappropriate lighting conditions is important for the correct recording of the image of bar code sectio...