Karl-Heinz Renner

• PhD
• Professor at University of the Bundeswehr Munich

The histrionic self-presentation style is introduced as a concept that describes specific individual differences in self-presentation, namely, performing explicit As-If-behaviors in everyday interactions. The As-If-Scale (AIS), a trait measure of histrionic self-presentation, shows good internal consistency and test–retest reliability as well as co...

The differentiation of trait anxiety and depression in nonclinical and clinical populations is addressed. Following the tripartite model, it is assumed that anxiety and depression share a large portion of negative affectivity (NA), but differ with respect to bodily hyperarousal (specific to anxiety) and anhedonia (lack of positive affect; specific...

Previous studies have shown that meditation-based interventions can have a significant impact on stress and well-being in various populations. To further extend these findings, an 11-min Yoga Nidra meditation that may especially be integrated in a busy daily schedule by people who can only afford short time for breaks was adapted and analyzed in an...

Behavior and the individual person are important but widely neglected topics of personality psychology. We argue that new technologies to collect and new methods to analyze Big (Behavioral) Data have the potential to bring back both more behavior and the individual person into personality science. In doing so, we first review reasons for both the d...

Mindfulness-based training programs are highly established in competitive and recreational sports. One of the best-known approaches is the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment Approach (MAC) by Gardner and Moore), which integrates mindfulness aspects of awareness, non-judgmental attitude, and focus. Based on these aspects, Thienot and colleagues devel...

While many basic research fields of psychology are mostly concerned with the search for general laws, personality psychology is also—and perhaps even primarily—tasked with studying individuality. Describing, explaining, predicting, or changing the experiential-behavioral reality of the individual person requires research methodologies that support...

Students’ perceptions of instructional quality (SPIQ) are subjective and time-specific to some extent. Yet, they are mostly aggregated across students and assessed at one time point, neglecting student- and lesson-specific variance. The present study examined the role of students’ personality traits in state SPIQ and their relation to perceived les...

Psychology is concerned with both general laws of psychological functioning and with the individual person. The debate surrounding nomothetics and idiographics has been brought up repeatedly, but it has never been completely resolved. We therefore aim to provide conceptual clarity on how the terms “idiographic” and “nomothetic” are used and how con...

To better cope with stress in emergencies, emergency personnel undergo virtual reality (VR) stress training. Such training typically includes visual, auditory and sometimes tactile impressions, whereas olfactory stimuli are mostly neglected. This concept paper therefore examines whether odors might be beneficial for further enhancing the experience...

Objective In the past two decades, mindfulness, rooted in Buddhist traditions, has gained considerable scientific interest. Virtual reality (VR) technology, in particular head-mounted displays, offers immersive experiences and is examined in this systematic review in terms of VR-based mindfulness interventions and their effects on psychological and...

Consistencies in how and what a person thinks, feels, enacts, and wants (i.e., momentary states) lie at the core of personality definitions and thus at the heart of personality psychology. Unfortunately, the systematic conceptualization and examination of state consistencies has stagnated after the person-situation debate. Moreover, past research h...

Psychology is concerned with both general laws of psychological functioning and with the individual person. The debate surrounding nomothetics and idiographics has been brought up repeatedly, but it has never been completely resolved. We therefore aim to provide conceptual clarity on how the terms “idiographic” and “nomothetic” are used and how con...

Introduction: Deployments abroad pose an occupational risk for mental disorders and reduced quality of life among military personnel. This study examines the question of whether a relevant predictor for the frequency of mental disorders after deployments abroad can be found. It is postulated that soldiers who experience a military-specific critica...

To better cope with stress in emergencies, emergency personnel undergo virtual reality (VR) stress trainings. Such trainings typically include visual, auditory and sometimes tactile impressions, whereas olfactory stimuli are mostly neglected. This concept paper therefore examines whether odors might be beneficial for further enhancing the experienc...

Stress threatens physical and mental health. Reactions to acute stress comprise multiple levels, including negative thoughts, bodily symptoms and behaviors. Individuals differ in their reaction to acute stress, and importantly, also in the extent to which these levels align, with a closer correspondence between psychological and physiological stres...

Dental fear still causes health risks and high costs for health insurances due to the common avoidance of dental visits by dentally fearful patients. Selective attention may be a potential trigger of dental fear. The aim of the present studies was to investigate the influence of threatening dental stimuli in image combinations on the performance in...

Introduction The influence of deployments on family relationships has hardly been investigated. Following a recently proposed new research strategy, military personnel with and without deployment-related life-threatening military incidents during deployment were compared. The hypothesis was that partner and family relationships of military personne...

In recent years, the effectiveness of meditation to foster well-being and reduce stress has been demonstrated in clinical and non-clinical samples. The question, however, what meditation works best for whom under which conditions and why has only scarcely been addressed. This study contributes to answering this question by considering personality t...

As technologies become smarter, they tend to protect their users, much like parents protect their children. However, caring too much about a user can lead to technology paternalism, a construct that is becoming increasingly relevant with the advent of smart technologies. Nonetheless, very little is known about what technology paternalism is or how...

Introduction There is very good international research on deployment-related mental disorders in military personnel. The incidence rates show a very wide range. A new strategy is therefore proposed in order to achieve better standardization and thus better comparability of the studies. In addition to a non-deployed comparison group, we propose to c...

In einem neuen Ansatz wird das Neuauftreten psychischer Störungen nach einem Auslandseinsatz längsschnittlich an einer Stichprobe untersucht. Dabei wird Militärpersonal miteinander verglichen, das während des Einsatzes ein vs. kein kritisches Ereignis erlebte. Es fand sich in der Gruppe mit kritischem Einsatzereignis ein 6 bis 7-fach höheres Risiko...

Background: Mental disorders are part of the occupational risk for military personnel. While the focus in recent decades has been on post-traumatic stress disorders , other disorders, and individual symptoms recently have also come to the fore. Studies from Af-ghanistan (International Security Assistance Force; ISAF) show a 1-year incidence of ment...

The generalized internal/external frame of reference (GI/E) model assumes social and dimensional achievement comparisons to form self-perceptions. These domain-specific comparisons have been shown to shape two facets of test anxiety (i.e., worry and emotionality) both directly and indirectly through academic self-concepts. However, examinations of...

Der Digitalisierung wird hohes Potenzial zur Optimierung des Gesundheitswesens zugeschrieben. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Digital Mindsets als mögliche Erfolgsbedingungen für den Einsatz digitaler Technologien in der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung diskutiert. Chancen und Risiken der digitalen Selbstvermessung und -kontrolle werden erörtert un...

Age and gender differences in narcissism have been studied often. However, considering the rich history of narcissism research accompanied by its diverging conceptualizations, little is known about age and gender differences across various narcissism measures. The present study investigated age and gender differences and their interactions across e...

Virtual Reality (VR) has been extensively used especially for clinical and neurocognitive interventions (e.g., Cipresso et al., 2018, Rizzo & Bouchard, 2019) and in educational psychology (Mikropoulos & Natsis, 2011) during the last years. By contrast, the potentials of these new technologies for personality research and assessment are only scarcel...

Age and gender differences in narcissism have been studied often. However, considering the rich history of narcissism research accompanied by its diverging conceptualizations, little is known about age and gender differences across various narcissism measures. The present study investigated age and gender differences and their interactions across e...

Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) mostly address changes in trait-like measures of subjective well-being. Addressing psychobiological state change, the present study employed experience sampling and smartwatch sensing to evaluate the effects of self-selected PPIs on real-world psychological and biological indicators and the moderating role o...

The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rapid increase in digital and virtual work, as well as new leadership challenges (remote work, working from home, web conferences, digital leadership etc.). It can be expected that these “new ways of working” will continue their influence on our working lives. This study is part of a larger research progra...

Health-oriented leadership (HoL) is vital for the improvement of health and an essential part of psychological risk management. However, the relevance of different antecedent factors is unknown. We used data from a Germany-wide online survey with N = 738 leaders. Referring to the JD-R model, we analyzed leaders’ demands and resources that facilitat...

Students’ perceptions of instructional quality (SPIQ) convey information on teaching effectiveness. However, often indicators confounding subjective and objective SPIQ components are used, complicating a precise examination of different aspects of rating behavior in classroom situations. The present study aims at investigating relations between dif...

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant burden across different industrial sectors. Generally, an increase in psychological stress experiences has been reported, while the stress and coping responses of specific, potentially burdened populations have received less attention thus far. Thus, the present study investigated relations between indivi...

Durch die Corona-Pandemie hat sich die Welt der Arbeit weiterentwickelt und vor allem das digitale Arbeiten hat stark zugenommen. Die Arbeit, die bisher im Büro erledigt wurde, findet für viele Beschäftigte nun zu Hause, d.h. im Homeoffice statt. Das Arbeiten im Homeoffice bringt neben vielen Vorteilen auch erhebliche Risiken mit sich. In diesem Be...

background The main research objective was to translate and evaluate the Polish version of the As-If-Scale (AIS) as well as to test the measurement invariance of the Polish and the original (German) versions of the tool, and to analyze the differences in histrionic self-presentation style among Poles and Germans. The AIS consists of 8 items for the...

Background: The main research objective was to translate and evaluate the Polish version of the As-If-Scale (AIS) as well as to test the measurement invariance of the Polish and the original (German) versions of the tool, and to analyze the differences in histrionic self-presentation style among Poles and Germans. The AIS consists of 8 items for th...

Trotz nur spärlicher Hinweise in Lehrbüchern lassen sich markante, qualitative Spuren in der Geschichte der Persönlichkeitspsychologie nachweisen. Anhand der von Stern (1911) vorgeschlagenen vier Disziplinen der Differentiellen Psychologie wird die Differenz zwischen nomothetischer (Variations- und Korrelationsforschung) und idiografischer (Psychog...

Dokumentation of the Short Form of the Hagen Matrices Test (HMT-S)

Bei der Frage nach den Gütekriterien der Interview-Methode müssen mehrere Aspekte berücksichtigt und dementsprechend differenzierte Antworten gegeben werden. Zunächst ist zu diskutieren, inwieweit sich die klassischen Testgütekriterien, also Objektivität, Reliabilität und Validität, überhaupt auf die Interview-Methode übertragen lassen. Sollte die...

Im vorliegenden Kapitel wird erläutert, was man in der wissenschaftlichen Psychologie unter einem Interview versteht. Dabei werden die Herkunft des Begriffs Interview geklärt, Definitionen zum Interview gegeben und das Interview von einem Alltagsgespräch abgegrenzt. Exploration und Anamnese lassen sich als spezifische Interviewformen beschreiben. Z...

Die Beliebtheit der Interview-Methode hängt möglicherweise mit der scheinbaren Ähnlichkeit zu Alltagskonversationen und ihrer vordergründigen Einfachheit zusammen: Fragen stellen kann schließlich jeder. Nun ist bereits im ersten Kapitel angeklungen, dass die sachgerechte Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung eines Interviews nicht so einfach ist, wi...

Interviews werden nicht nur in der Psychologie als Datenerhebungsmethode verwendet, sondern auch in anderen Wissenschaften und insbesondere im Journalismus. Da Interviews in der Psychologie im Vergleich zu anderen Methoden der Datenerhebung (insbesondere Fragebogen) in der Vorbereitung, Durchführung und Auswertung mit höherem zeitlichem Aufwand ver...

Im dritten und vierten Kapitel wurde erläutert, wie Fragen formuliert sowie unterschiedliche Fragentypen genutzt und zu einem Gesprächsleitfaden kombiniert werden können. In diesem Kapitel gehen wir davon aus, dass bereits ein Interviewleitfaden vorliegt und nun Interviews geplant und durchgeführt werden können. Unter Planung und Durchführung von I...

In diesem Kapitel wird erläutert, wie ein Gesprächsleitfaden zur Durchführung eines teilstandardisierten Interviews konstruiert werden kann. Im ersten Kapitel wurde der Strukturierungsgrad unter dem Stichwort Makrostruktur des Interviews eingeführt. Im Folgenden geht es um die Mikrostruktur, die die konkrete Formulierung und Anordnung von Fragen zu...

Interviews liefern primär verbale Daten, die inhaltlich auf verschiedene Weisen analysiert und ausgewertet werden können. Darüber hinaus lassen sich auch paraverbale Aspekte (Stimmqualität, Sprechgeschwindigkeit, Pausen, etc.) und das nonverbale Verhalten (Mimik, Gestik, Körperhaltung etc.) mit geeigneten Beobachtungsverfahren mehr oder weniger dif...

Dieses praxisnahe Lehrbuch bietet eine verständliche Einführung in die Grundlagen und Anwendung des Interviews – des in der Psychologie am häufigsten eingesetzten Instruments zur Datenerhebung. Konzeption, Durchführung und Auswertung von Interviews zählen deshalb zu den diagnostischen Routinetätigkeiten, die im Studium der Psychologie vermittelt we...

Interventions with Clinic Clowns trained for performing in nursing homes have been explored in several field studies. Until now, however, it has not been sufficiently investigated to which extent and in which ways elderly with dementia (EWD) respond to and engage in humorous interactions. An exploratory study with 17 German dementia care unit resid...

Background Dignity Therapy (DT) is a short-term intervention to reduce psychological suffering in end-of-life care. Its strength lies in evidenced-based development and investigation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of DT at German palliative care units (PCU), as well as the acceptability and adaption of a German vers...

Previous research has shown that humor and self-presentation are linked in several ways. With regard to individual differences, it turned out that gelotophilia (the joy of being laughed at) and katagelasticism (the joy of laughing at others) are substantially associated with the histrionic self-presentation style that is characterized by performing...

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurement is crucial to assess the benefit of psychotherapeutic interventions. Is repeated assessment of psychometric self-report data possible, as inpatient palliative care patients suffer from physical and psychological symptoms? What is the self-perceived strain caused by the assessment? Objective Th...

Die Quantified Self-Bewegung spiegelt einen Trend zur Quantifizierung im Alltag. Tracking-Motive sind meist mit Streben nach Selbsterkenntnis verbunden. Wie verändert sich dabei das psychologische Konstrukt 'Selbst' und in welchem Verhältnis steht es zu Veränderungen des Menschenbilds? Die Quantifizierung des Selbst (QdS) birgt Chancen und Risiken,...

The present study aim was the construction and initial validation of the Single-Item Wittiness Scale (SIWS). We define wittiness as a specific type of humor production, which includes two separate processes: production fluency and production success (Moran et al., 2013). In that sense, the single item that was constructed reflects both of these pro...

Due to increased empirical interest in narcissism across social sciences, there is a need for inventories that can be administered quickly while also reliably measuring both the agentic and antagonistic aspects of grandiose narcissism. In this study, we sought to validate the factor structure, provide representative descriptive data and reliability...

Dieser Band vereinigt die Lebenserinnerungen von 18 Persönlichkeiten, die vor allem die deutschsprachige Psychologie wesentlich geprägt haben: Manfred Amelang, Jürgen Bredenkamp, Mario von Cranach, Dietrich Dörner, Jochen Fahrenberg, Klaus Grossmann, Winfried Hacker, Kurt A. Heller, Gerd Jüttemann, Heinz-Walter Krohne, Gerd Lüer, Leo Montada, Petra...

Dies ist der Entwurf einer Publikation. Der Text entspricht nicht vollständig der veröffentlichten Fassung. Zum korrekten Zitieren benutzen Sie bitte ausschließlich die publizierte Fassung. This is a draft of a scientific paper. This article does not exactly replicate the published version. For correct quotation please use the publisher's version....

A 3-month experimental online study examined the short-term and 1 month follow-up effects of regularly practicing one of two cognitive interventions on subjective well-being. Participants were 435 self-selected adults (366 female, 69 male, aged 18–63) randomly assigned to one of three conditions: writing about best possible selves in the future (n...

The short version of the Hagen Matrices Test (HMT-S) is a free of charge online intelligence test measuring induction in reference to the CHC model of intelligence (Schneider/McGrew 2012). The 6-item HMT-S is based on the 20-item Hagen Matrices Test (HMT; Heydasch/Renner/Haubrich/Hilbig/Zettler 2013). The internal consistency of the HMT-S in our st...

The construct of the “Rescue Personality” as claimed by Mitchell (1983) in the course of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing was investigated in a sample of 173 Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) personnel. As hypothesized EMS personnel scored lower on neuroticism and openness but higher on conscientiousness and risk and competition seeking compared...

Noch vor der Durchführung einer empirischen Studie müssen bei der Planung neben methodischen auch rechtliche und ethische Prinzipien beachtet werden. Daher sind nicht nur Kompetenzen in all den Bereichen erforderlich, die bereits in diesem Buch beschrieben wurden, sondern auch Wissen und Sensibilität im Hinblick auf die ethischen und rechtlichen Im...

Einzelfallstudien – der dritte Forschungsansatz (vgl. 2.3) zur Untersuchung von Fragestellungen oder Prüfung von Hypothesen – haben in der Psychologie eine lange Tradition. Gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts führte Herrmann Ebbinghaus seine berühmten Gedächtnisexperimente zum Behalten und Vergessen von sinnlosen Silben mit nur einer Versuchsperson dur...

Mit den vorherigen Kapiteln dieses Buches scheint der Forschungsprozess umfassend dargestellt worden zu sein. Aber das erlangte Wissen bleibt zunächst isoliert und nur der einzelnen Forschergruppe zugänglich, die eine Untersuchung durchgeführt hat. Um sich aber an einen Forschungsprozess verschiedener Forscher zu beteiligen, muss das erworbene Wiss...

Nachdem im vorherigen Kapitel die Vorteile der wissenschaftlichen Methode erläutert wurden, sollen nun die Schritte einer empirischen Untersuchung, in der sich das wissenschaftliche Vorgehen typischerweise manifestiert, im Überblick dargestellt werden (vgl. hierzu auch Bortz & Döring, 2006). Wir beschränken uns auf den idealtypischen Ablauf von hyp...

In diesem Kapitel steht der zweite Forschungsansatz (vgl. Abschnitt 2.3) im Mittelpunkt, mit dem Hypothesen geprüft werden können: die Korrelationsforschung. In der Korrelationsforschung werden Zusammenhänge zwischen zwei oder mehreren Merkmalen untersucht. Während die experimentelle Forschung darauf abzielt, Variationen der abhängigen Variable(n)...

Im Jahr 1786 stellte kein Geringerer als Immanuel Kant kategorisch fest, dass die „empirische Seelenlehre“ keine „Seelenwissenschaft“ sein kann, weil psychische Phänomene weder messbar noch experimentell analysierbar seien. Kant war gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhundert bereits ein außerordentlich einflussreicher Philosoph, dessen Worte großes Gewicht hat...

Stellen Sie sich ein mittelständisches Unternehmen vor. Auf der Führungsebene ist der Eindruck entstanden, dass die Arbeitszufriedenheit der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter gesunken ist. Einige Führungskräfte wissen aus informellen Gesprächen und zufälligen Beobachtungen zu berichten, dass im Unternehmen zunehmend über Stress geklagt wird. Es lieg...

In unserem Ablauf einer empirischen Untersuchung haben wir im Abschnitt 2.3 darauf hingewiesen, dass die Messung hypothetischer Konstrukte mit geeigneten diagnostischen Verfahren lediglich eine wichtige Voraussetzung zur Prüfung von Hypothesen darstellt. Neben der Operationalisierung muss ein Forschungsansatz gewählt werden, in dem festgelegt wird,...