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Publications
Publications (41)
Short-term adaptation of the microbiota could promote nutrient degradation and the host health. While numerous studies are currently undertaking feeding trials using sustainable diets for the aquaculture industry, the extent to which the microbiota adapts to these novel diets is poorly described. The incorporation of carbohydrates (CHO) within a 10...
Background
High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) but may affect growth and health. Inulin, a prebiotic, could have nutritional and metabolic effects, along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts, improving growth and welfare. We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100% pla...
Background
High dietary carbohydrates can spare protein in rainbow trout but may affect growth and health. Inulin, a prebiotic, could have nutritional and metabolic effects, along with anti-inflammatory properties in teleosts, improving growth and welfare. We tested this hypothesis in rainbow trout by feeding them a 100% plant-based diet, which is...
To ensure the sustainability of aquaculture, it is necessary to change the menu of carnivorous fish such as rainbow trout from a fish-based diet to one with plant-based ingredients. However, there is a major problem with the growth performance decrease of fish fed with a 100% plant-based diet due to the reduction in feed intake and feed efficiency....
Inulin affects nutrition and metabolism in many animals. Although inulin is widely used in the diet of teleosts, its mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of inulin (2%) on the intestinal microbiome and metabolism in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) selected for growth and survival when fed a 100% plant-based diet (...
The use of plant-based ingredients in aquafeeds is increasing because marine sources of protein and oil are unsustainable. However, plant-based ingredients cause certain metabolic complications in carnivorous species such as rainbow trout. Here, we examined whether prebiotics have the potential to affect the metabolism of juvenile trout (Average we...
Embryonic thermal programming has been shown to improve foie gras production in overfed mule ducks. However, the mechanisms at the origin of this programming have not yet been characterized. In this study, we investigated the effect of embryonic thermal manipulation (+1°C, 16 h/24 h from embryonic (E) day 13 to E27) on the hepatic expression of gen...
Background
The use of plant-based ingredients in aquafeeds is increasing because marine sources of protein and oil are unsustainable. However, plant-based ingredients cause certain metabolic complications in carnivorous species such as rainbow trout. Here, we examined whether prebiotics have the potential to affect the metabolism of juvenile trout...
Background
Relationships between microbial composition and steatosis are being extensively studied in mammals, and causal relations have been evidenced. In migratory birds the liver can transiently store lipids during pre-migratory and migratory phases, but little is known about the implications of the digestive microbiota in those mechanisms. The...
Background
The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of many...
Background : The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of ma...
Background: The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of man...
Background: The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of man...
Background: The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of man...
Induced by overfeeding, hepatic steatosis is a process exploited for the "foie gras" production in mule ducks. To better understand the mechanisms underlying its development, we analysed the physiological responses of mule ducks overfed with corn for a duration of 11 days. A kinetic analysis of glucose and lipid metabolisms and cell protection mech...
Animal studies have shown that very early life events may have programing effects on adult metabolism and health. In this study, we aim, for the first, time to elucidate the effects of embryonic thermal manipulation (TM) on the performance of overfed mule ducks, in particular for the production of foie gras (fatty liver). We designed three embryoni...
In waterfowls, overfeeding leads to a hepatic steatosis, also called “foie gras”. Our main objectives were to determine what is the share of genes involvement of glucose metabolism in the establishment of fatty liver in three genotypes of waterfowls: Muscovy (Cairina moschata), Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and their crossbreed, the mule duck. 2...
Induced by overfeeding, hepatic steatosis is a reversible process exploited for foie gras production. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this non-pathological phenomenon, we analysed the physiological responses of the mule duck to cope with 22 carbohydrate meals. A kinetic analysis of intermediate metabolism and cell protection mechanis...
La production de foie gras, telle que pratiquée aujourd’hui, est remise en question par les associations de protection animale, mais aussi par le Conseil de l’Europe. Le Comité Permanent de la Convention Européenne pour la protection des animaux dans les élevages a ainsi recommandé que des études portant sur des méthodes alternatives à la prise for...
The aim of this work was to study the effects of spontaneous hyperphagia on the evolution of intestinal microbiota and body compartments in old goose. From October 25th to November 26th, 5-yr-old breeding Greylag Landaise geese (106 males and 106 females) were fed with grass during 1 mo (G period). From November 26th (0 d) the birds had ad libitum...
Background
Recently, studies suggest that gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity in mammals. In rainbow trout, little is known about the role of intestinal microbiota in host physiology.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the link between intestinal microbiota and adiposity, by high-throughput 16S RNA gene based i...
Background
Livestock production should respond to societal, environmental and economic changes. Since 2006 and the ban on antibiotics as growth factors in European Union, the use of probiotics has become widespread and has demonstrated the effect of intestinal microbiota on the performance of farm animals.
Objective
The aim of this study was to in...
In palmipeds, overfeeding leads to hepatic steatosis, also called “foie gras” which is the result of many metabolic mechanisms. In order to understand these mechanisms, we decided to measure the expression of genes implicated in lipid metabolism during 12 hours (h) following the last meal of the overfeeding period. We have shown that there is a pre...
In waterfowls, overfeeding leads to a hepatic steatosis, also called “foie gras.” We decided to investigate the role of glucose metabolism in steatosis emergence. For this, we measured the expression of genes during the 12 h following the last meal of the overfeeding period. As expected, it showed that the expression of glucose transporter is more...
Our main objectives were to determine the genes involved in the establishment of hepatic steatosis in three genotypes of palmipeds. To respond to this question, we have compared Muscovy ducks, Pekin ducks and their crossbreed the mule duck fed ad libitum or overfed. We have shown a hepatic overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and di-acyl gly...
The supplementation with Lactobacillus sakei as probiotic on the ileal and cecal microbiota of mule ducks during overfeeding was investigated using high-throughput 16S
rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing and real-time PCR. The ducks were overfed with or without L. sakei for 12 d with 56% ground corn and 42% whole corn. Samples were collected before the...
To investigate the effect of overfeeding on the ileal and cecal microbiota of two genotypes of ducks (Pekin and Muscovy), high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used. The ducks were overfed for 12 days with 58% maize flour and 42% maize grain. Samples were collected before the overfeeding period (at 12 weeks), at 13 weeks and at 14...
Photorhabdus is an entomopathogenic bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae. The genome of the TT01 strain of Photorhabdus luminescens was recently sequenced and a large number of toxin-encoding genes were found. Genomic analysis predicted the presence on the chromosome of genes encoding a type three secretion system (TTSS), the main role of...
Bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus are mutually associated with entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema and are pathogenic to a broad spectrum of insects. The nematodes act as vectors, transmitting the bacteria to insect larvae,
which die within a few days of infection. We characterized the early stages of bacterial infection in the inse...
Entomopathogenic bacteria of the genus Photorhabdus harbor a type III secretion system. This system was probably acquired prior to the separation of the species within this
genus. Furthermore, the core components of the secretion machinery are highly conserved but the predicted effectors differ
between Photorhabdus luminescens and P. asymbiotica, t...