Karina Franco-Paredes

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• PhD Psicología
• Researcher at University of Guadalajara

El interés por la ingesta emocional (IE) ha ido en aumento, así como el número de autoreportes que permiten evaluarla. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la calidad psicométrica de los autoreportes de IE en población adulta (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022374665). La búsqueda se realizó en PubMed, Web of Science...

El objetivo de este capítulo es mostrar el panorama general de las opciones de posgrados en psicología en México y describir la experiencia de formación de recursos humanos en el occidente de México teniendo como referencia el concepto de calidad de vida.

Purpose To analyze the role of body dissatisfaction in the relationships of sociocultural influences, depression, and anxiety with disordered eating behaviors (DEB) in a sample of female Mexican university students. Methods A nonrandom sample of 526 female Mexican university students aged 18 to 25 years completed the Questionnaire of Influence on...

Objetivo: analizar la comprensión e interpretación de la Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES) en su versión adaptada al español empleando entrevistas cognitivas en jóvenes mexicanos. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 12 participantes (18 – 23 años; M = 20, DE =1.81) de una universidad pública del sur de Jalisco, México; quienes completaron...

Objective: To evaluate depressive symptoms and levels of behavioral activation in telehealth for women victims of violence (VCM) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A quasi-ex-perimental pretest-posttest design without a control group was used. The participants were 14 women (18-60 years old) with depression and victims of violence. The Beck Depr...

La depresión es un problema de salud mental frecuente que impacta en la calidad de vida de quienes la padecen; la aplicación de tratamientos psicológicos basados en evidencia es una necesidad por la magnitud de esta problemática en términos de salud pública. La Activación Conductual (AC) podría ser un abordaje eficaz para el tratamiento de la depre...

Antecedentes: La violencia contra la mujer (VCM) y la pandemia por COVID-19 son problemáticas que han afectado la salud mental de las mujeres, con secuelas como la depresión. Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia del tratamiento breve de activación conductual (BATD) y la terapia cognitiva conductual (TCC) con adaptaciones culturales administradas online (...

Objective Strong empirical research has shown a relationship between body dissatisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders (ED) and the direct and combined influence of emotional factors and dimensions of emotional intelligence (EI) on ED symptoms. However, whether these emotional variables and competencies moderate the well‐established relationshi...

Epidemiological evidence has linked an array of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with an increased risk of developing psychosis. However, research in samples from low- and middle-income countries is still scarce. This study used a Mexican sample to explore (i) sociodemographic and psychosocial differences between individuals with and witho...

Las pruebas psicológicas son instrumentos que se utilizan frecuentemente para medir constructos psicológicos. Quienes utilizan estas pruebas es importante que conozcan los atributos científicos de las mismas. Por ello, el objetivo del presente diagrama fue exponer la objetividad, validez y confiabilidad como atributos científicos de los instrumento...

Autora de correspondencia: vanessa94@gmail.com (V.M. Vázquez-Vázquez) Agradecimientos: Al financiamiento otorgado a Vanessa Monserrat Vázquez Vázquez, por parte de CONACYT con la beca número 920841 para la realización de estudios de posgrado Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Financiamien...

El objetivo de esta investigación fue revisar sistemáticamente los estudios realizados en México sobre programas de prevención para los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y de la ingesta de alimentos (TAIA) y sus variables asociadas. La investigación se realizó considerando las directrices de la Declaración PRISMA e incluyó estudios publicados e...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos de factores psicológicos (ansiedad, regulación emocional deficiente, impulsividad y perfeccionismo desadaptativo) sobre la alimentación emocional y la composición corporal de estudiantes universitarios a través de un modelo empírico. Participaron 584 jóvenes (X̅ = 19.92, DE = 3.93), quienes...

Objective This research aimed to explore the moderating role of emotional intelligence (EI) in the relationship between self‐esteem and eating disorders (ED) symptomatology. Method A battery of online questionnaires was administered to a sample of 516 adults including university students and a community population. The sample, age range of 18–77 y...

Excess weight requires multidisciplinary treatment, including psychology in face‐to‐face and e‐health interventions. The need to analyse interventions' content validity has become evident. The objective is to assess content validity of a psychological e‐health program of self‐control and motivation for adults with excess weight. Six health professi...

Conocer las razones iniciales que motivan el control del peso en una persona aumenta la probabilidad de éxito en el tratamiento. No obstante, aún son escasos los instrumentos con propiedades psicométricas óptimas para medir las razones por las cuales las personas quieren perder peso corporal. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar...

El exceso de peso está relacionado con el aumento en el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónico-degenerativas que afectan la calidad de vida y la salud mental de quienes lo presentan. Su tratamiento ha sido guiado mayormente por aspectos biológicos, aun cuando se reconoce la necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinario. En este contexto, el objet...

La insatisfacción corporal (IC) es un predictor importante de conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), aunque la IC comúnmente se presenta con sintomatología de ansiedad, se desconoce si esta modera la relación entre la IC y las CAR en población adolescente. Objetivo: analizar el efecto moderador de la sintomatología de ansiedad en la relación entre...

El propósito de esta investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios de validación de las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS) en muestras mexicanas. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos especializadas y en las referencias de los artículos. Se encontraron 10 estudios en los que...

Antecedentes: El Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal (BSQ, por sus siglas en inglés) se ha utilizado ampliamente en población clínica y general destacando su carácter unidimensional para la medida de la insatisfacción corporal. Diversas investigaciones han generado hasta 10 versiones cortas basadas en reducciones del BSQ-34. Sin embargo, hasta el momen...

Introducción: Los estudiantes universitarios padecen alteraciones psicológicas durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19, que es necesario atender de manera oportuna, para evitar complicaciones mayores. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de una intervención breve, en línea, para reducir síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y estrés en estudiantes universita...

La insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y la interiorización del ideal estético de delgadez transmitido por los medios masivos de comunicación pueden generar conductas y actitudes alimentarias de riesgo por su impacto en salud física y mental, éstas pueden desarrollar algún trastorno de la conducta alimentaria, principalmente en mujeres adolescent...

El objetivo del presente manuscrito es presentar el análisis y descripción del escenario que los profesionales de la salud han enfrentado para el tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria como resultado las medidas implementadas para el control de la pandemia por el nuevo cononavirus (COVID-19). Existe consenso en que la pandemia no...

PurposeTo analyze the factorial structure of the eight short versions of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and analyze the factorial invariance of the best model, its convergent validity and its internal consistency in three age groups of Mexican women.Methods Women attending middle school (n = 261), high school (n = 245) and university (n = 296)...

Los instrumentos para evaluar el abuso cibernético en el noviazgo se concentran en la victimización o en la perpetración, mientras que el “Cuestionario de abuso cibernético en la pareja” (CDAQ) mide ambos aspectos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar el CDAQ a población adolescente mexicana y proporcionar pruebas sobre su validez y fiabilidad....

Background : Late adolescence is considered a risk stage for psychological health. The objective of this research was evaluating the association among risk eating behaviors (REB), parental practices and assertive behavior in high school students according to sex. Method : With a non-experimental design and transversal study participated 200 studen...

The instruments to evaluate dating abuse focus on victimization or perpetration, unlike the Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire (CDAQ), which measures both aspects. This study aimed to adapt the CDAQ to a Mexican adolescent population and provide evidence of the validity and reliability of the scores. The sample consisted of 534 students (51.7% women)...

La alimentación emocional (AE) generalmente descrita como un tipo de ingesta alimentaria emitida en respuesta a emociones, principalmente desagradables, actualmente ha recibido mayor atención a razón de las asociaciones que se han encontrado con afecciones a la salud, como es el caso del sobrepeso y la obesidad, el síndrome metabólico al igual que...

La Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria (HADS, por sus siglas en inglés) fue creada por Zigmond y Snaith (1983) en Inglaterra, con el propósito de identificar sintomatología de ansiedad y depresión en ambientes hospitalarios. Se trata de un instrumento breve, fue desarrollado para que su aplicación fuese rápida y de ser necesario canalizar a...

Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre conductas alimentarias de riesgo, estatus de peso e insatisfacción corporal en mujeres adolescentes y jóvenes mexicanas. Materiales y métodos: participaron 487 mujeres, de una preparatoria pública (50,3%; Edad: media = 16,5, desviación estándar = 1.0 años) y de una universidad pública (49.7%; Edad: media = 19,7...

The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate a causal model of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents with different body composition. The participants were 209 adolescents (107 women and 102 men) ranging from 10 to 15 years of age. A model based on that proposed by Wilson and Cleary (JAMA 273(1):59–65, 1995) was elab...

Emotional eating (EE) generally is described as a type of food intake emitted in response to emotions, mainly unpleasant, currently it has received more attention because for associations that have been encountered with health problems, such as overweight and obesity, metabolic syndrome as well as feeding and eating disorders (mainly binge eating)....

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the muscle appearance satisfaction scale (MASS) shows acceptable psychometric properties in Mexican bodybuilders. Methods: A total of 258 Mexican male bodybuilders were recruited. Two self-report questionnaires, including the MASS and drive for muscularity scale (DMS), were administered...

Las estrategias para disminuir el sobrepeso y la obesidad no han tenido el impacto esperado. Se requiere desarrollar mayor conocimiento sobre las variables estimación del alimento y frecuencia de consumo. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas de un instrumento dirigido a evaluar la estimación de alime...

p>Contar con la versión breve de un cuestionario para evaluar la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal es importante tanto para la clínica como para la investigación, por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la estructura factorial, la validez convergente y la consistencia interna de una versión de 14 reactivos del Body Shape Questi...

El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar la presencia de conductas y actitudes alimentarias anómalas (CAAA) y su asociación con el peso corporal y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en una muestra infantil. Participaron 398 niños de una escuela pública y tres privadas, 203 mujeres (51%) y 195 varones (49%), quienes contestaron el...

El propósito de la presente investigación fue analizar prospectivamente la composición corporal y el consumo de alimento en estudiantes que ingresan a la universidad y cambian de residencia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 123 estudiantes, a quienes en dos momentos diferentes se les solicitó que contestaran una hoja de datos generales, un Cuestion...

The aim of this research was to characterize the scientific production of the Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders during the 2010-2014 period. A retrospective and descriptive analysis of published articles in the period 2010-2014 was performed. The type of production, authorship pattern, country, average...

Health-Risk Behaviors has implications for broader aspects of the people. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between Risk Eating Behaviors (REB) and tobacco, alcohol and marijuana consumption by gender among Chilean university students. After obtaining informed consent, a cross-sectional analytical study, which included 1087 colle...

We explored the hypothesis that perceptions of overweight vary in accord with the prevalence of overweight in specific populations. The present study investigated this relationship in samples from diverse groups in the US and four other countries. The perceptual threshold for overweight is the scalar point at which individuals determine the transit...

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the internal consistency, the test-retest reliability and the construct validity of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) in women. The total sample was made up of 325 university women, with an average age of 20.75 years (SD = 2.81). The scale was administered twice (n = 189) with an inte...

The Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40; Garner & Garfinkel, 1979) is one of the most widely used measures in the field of eating disorders (ED). The factor structure of the EAT-40, as well as the optimal cut-off score to identify subjects with ED, are subjects of debate. Both controversial issues are addressed in the present study. Participants were...

El estilo de vida de los estudiantes univer­sitarios es considerado un factor que favo­rece la ingestión inadecuada de alimentos, ocasionando cambios importantes en su peso corporal. El propósito de la presente investigación fue analizar longitudinalmente la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el porcentaje de gra...

The purpose of this research was to examine the role of body composition, body dissatisfaction, and thinness model on the risk of developing eating disorders (ED). The sample comprised 289 female students who answered the Eating Attitudes Test, the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, and the Questionnaire on Influences on Body Shape Model. The b...

The purpose of this research was to examine the role of body composition, body dissatisfaction, and thinness model on the risk of developing eating disorders (ED). The sample comprised 289 female students who answered the Eating Attitudes Test, the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, and the Questionnaire on Influences on Body Shape Model. The b...

El estilo de vida de los estudiantes univer­sitarios es considerado un factor que favo­rece la ingestión inadecuada de alimentos, ocasionando cambios importantes en su peso corporal. El propósito de la presente investigación fue analizar longitudinalmente la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el porcentaje de gra...

This study refers to the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Drive for Muscularity Scale among Mexican population. The exploratory factor analysis was carried out with 369 university males (mean age = 20.93 years). A three-factor structure that explains 45.64 % of the variance was found for the scale: 31.10 % by attitudes (α = 0.87), 1...

The aim of this study was to examine the role of peer influence and thin-ideal internalization on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. The Eating Attitudes Test, the Body Shape Questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Sociocultural Influences on the Aesthetic Body Shape Model were administered to 130 female students, with a mean age of 19.44....

One way to contribute to solving problems related to eating behavior is to develop valid and reliable instruments to measure estimation and food consumption frequency in Mexican population. The present study describes the development and initial validation of the estimation and food intake scale (ECA, for its Spanish acronym). The first version com...

One way to contribute to solving problems related to eating behavior is to develop valid and reliable instruments to measure estimation and food consumption frequency in Mexican population. The present study describes the development and initial validation of the estimation and food intake scale (ECA, for its Spanish acronym). The first version com...

One way to contribute to solving problems related to eating behavior is to develop valid and reliable instruments to measure estimation and food consumption frequency in Mexican population. The present study describes the development and initial validation of the estimation and food intake scale (ECA, for its Spanish acronym). The first version com...

The goal of the present study was to assess the role of body dissatisfaction and socio-cultural factors on eating psychopathology in women with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and women without BED. Seventy obese women consecutively evaluated participated: 35 with BED and 35 without BED who attended for the first time in a weight loss program. All part...

The purpose of this review was to analyze the studies about psychometric properties of eating disorders (ED) questionnaires validated in Mexican women. We search papers published in scientific journal about psychometric properties of questionnaires to measure symptoms or characteristics associated with ED. Seventeen papers that evaluated the reliab...

The purpose of this review was to analyze the studies about psychometric properties of eating disorders (ED) questionnaires validated in Mexican women. We search papers published in scientific journal about psychometric properties of questionnaires to measure symptoms or characteristics associated with ED. Seventeen papers that evaluated the reliab...

The purpose of this study was to assess if perfectionism components explained body dissatisfaction (BD), sociocultural influences of aesthetic model (SIAM) and symptoms of eating disorders (ED). The sample comprised 30 women with Bulimia Nervosa (BN), 35 women with Eating Disorder not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) and 63 women without ED. A regressio...

The aim of this research was to investigate the symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (MD) and nutritional status among male gym users. The sample comprised 100 gym male customers who answered the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) and the food habits questionnaire which includes a 24 hours recall. The anthropometric measurements of the participants were al...

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the internal consistency, the factor analysis and the concurrent and discriminate validity of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). 604 women (x‾ = 20.28, SD = 5.70), completed TFEQ, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) and Bulimia Test (BULIT). Results showed an appropriate internal consistency c...

It has been shown that after periods of food-deprivation rats will consume more food than usual. This is called binge-eating because it is related to eating disorders in humans like bulimia. However, it is unknown if the order of exposure to food-deprivation periods, ascending or descending, affects binge-eating. The effect of the duration of food-...

It has been shown that after periods of food-deprivation rats will consume more food than usual. This is called binge-eating because it is related to eating disorders in humans like bulimia. However, it is unknown if the order of exposure to food-deprivation periods, ascending or descending, affects binge-eating. The effect of the duration of food-...

Nowadays there is not any instrument to measure reliably how healthy and non-healthy food is judged in Mexico. In this study it was used the first version of the scale Consumption and Estimation of Food (ECA for its Spanish acronym) designed to explore the rating and frequency of healthy and non-healthy food consumption. In the present study partic...

The purpose of this research was to estimate the occurrence of risky behaviors and eating disorders symptomatology among undergraduate students from South of Jalisco, Mexico. The sample comprised 143 women with a mean age of 19.90 (SD = 2.14) and 109 men with a mean age of 21.21 (SD= 3.53) who answered the Eating Attitudes Test, the Bulimic Investi...

Nowadays there is not any instrument to measure reliably how healthy and non-healthy food is judged in Mexico. In this study it was used the first version of the scale Consumption and Estimation of Food (ECA for its Spanish acronym) designed to explore the rating and frequency of healthy and non-healthy food consumption. In the present study partic...

The purpose of this research was to estimate the occurrence of risky behaviors and eating disorders symptomatology among undergraduate students from South of Jalisco, Mexico. The sample comprised 143 women with a mean age of 19.90 (SD = 2.14) and 109 men with a mean age of 21.21 (SD= 3.53) who answered the Eating Attitudes Test, the Bulimic Investi...

El proposito de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de prediccion de conductas y actitudes alimentarias, afecto negativo , imagen corporal e indicadores antropometricos sobre el atracon alimentario. La muestra estuvo constituida de 81 mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 20.88 ( DE = 6.67). Los participantes completaron los cuestionarios siguientes: C...

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la consistencia interna y la validez del Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE; por sus siglas en inglés) en mujeres mexicanas. La muestra incluyó 322 mujeres estudiantes (Hermosillo = 150 y Ciudad Guzmán = 172) con un promedio de edad de 21.24 años (DE = 3.91). La segunda muestra estuvo conformada por...

p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de predicción de conductas y actitudes alimentarias, afecto negativo , imagen corporal e indicadores antropométricos sobre el atracón alimentario. La muestra estuvo constituida de 81 mujeres, con un promedio de...

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la consistencia interna y la validez del Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE; por sus siglas en inglés) en mujeres mexicanas. La muestra incluyó 322 mujeres estudiantes (Hermosillo = 150 y Ciudad Guzmán = 172) con un promedio de edad de 21.24 años (DE = 3.91). La segunda muestra estuvo conformada por...

It has been demonstrated that food deprivation and access to food are common variables in studies about experimental analysis of feeding behavior and motivational theory. It is unknown if the order of exposure of these variables can modify intake patterns. The present study explores, the effect between food deprivation and access-duration to food w...

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the factor structure and the internal consistency of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS-F) in Mexican teenagers. Participants were 862 students (54.06% female and 45.94% male) with an average age of 15.27 years (SD = 1.64). The principal component analysis followed by an oblique rotation...

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar si los componentes de la conducta perfeccionista explican la insatisfacción corporal (IC), la influencia sociocultural del modelo de delgadez (ISMD) y los síntomas de Trastorno del Comportamiento Alimentario (TCA). Participaron 30 mujeres con Bulimia Nerviosa (BN), 35 con Trastorno Alimentario no Especifica...

This current cross-cultural study was designed to examine the role of sociocultural influences on disordered eating behaviors in two Spanish-speaking countries (Spain and Mexico). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Bulimia Test (BULIT) and the Questionnaire on Influence on Body Shape Model (CIMEC, in Spanish) were administered to 862 students (Sp...

p style="text-align: justify;">Animales y humanos consumen más alimento si son expuestos a dietas tipo buffet, en relación con el consumo registrado en dietas monótonas o con un solo tipo de alimento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la conducta de consumo de un grupo de sujetos expuestos a tres variedades de un mismo alimento (forma, color...

It has been demonstrated that food deprivation and access to food are common variables in studies about experimental analysis of feeding behavior and motivational theory. It is unknown if the order of exposure of these variables can modify intake patterns. The present study explores, the effect between food deprivation and access–duration to food w...

The aim of this study was to assess eating behaviours and attitudes in a community sample of 615 adolescent Mexican students recruited at a middle school (192 boys and 226 girls; mean age +/- standard deviation 13.56+/-0.09) and high school (90 boys and 107 girls; mean age 16.04+/-0.12 years), who completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Buli...

Two of the most common temporal variables present in any eating behavior experiment are inter access–to–food interval and access–to–food duration. In this study, the effects of both variables on eating behavior were investigated. Three rats were exposed to different durations of inter access–to–food interval in an ascending order. Another three rat...

Two of the most common temporal variables present in any eating behavior experiment are inter access-to-food interval and access-to-food duration. In this study, the effects of both variables on eating behavior were investigated. Three rats were exposed to different durations of inter access-to-food interval in an ascending order. Another three rat...

Objective Assessing the association of age and weight with internalisation of the ideal of being thin, bodily dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms amongst three groups of females: teenage, young and adult women. Material and Methods 145 females participated, ranging in age from 12 to 46, who answered four self-reporting questionnaires aimed...

Assessing the association of age and weight with internalisation of the ideal of being thin, bodily dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms amongst three groups of females: teenage, young and adult women. 145 females participated, ranging in age from 12 to 46, who answered four self-reporting questionnaires aimed at measuring symptoms of anore...

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el rol de la insatisfacción corporal y la influencia de grupos de pares sobre el influjo de la publicidad, de modelos sociales y conductas de restricción de dieta en una muestra de 130 universitarias. Ellas contestaron el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT), el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal (BSQ) y el...

The purpose of this review was to show the effects of environmental variableson the eating behavior in rats. The eating behavior and its relatedvariables have been analyzed since a variety of perspectives. The presentreview included studies in which rats were used as subjects and the totalfood intake or any operant response related to obtaining foo...

This study investigated the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in women. Two samples of university students (1995, n = 522; 2002, n = 880) completed the Eating Attitudes Test and the Bulimia Test (BULIT; Stage 1). During Stage 2, the women that exceeded the cut-off point of one or both questionnaires and a random sample of women that did not excee...

The objective of the present investigation was to detect the presence of eating disorder and its risk factors in sample incidental of young Mexican. 525 young (n=288 women and n=237 men) with an age average of 15 years (SD = 3) participated, they completed five questionnaires regarding to eating attitudes (EAT-40), body dissatisfaction (BSQ), attit...

In recent years, a large number of studies have examined perfectionism and eating disorders. Perfectionism is well known to occur in anorexia nervosa, but has only more recently been recognized as also associated with bulimia nervosa. However, to date there has been no synthesis or evaluation of these studies. The purpose of this article is to revi...