Kari Rissanen

• PhD
• Professor at University of Jyväskylä

Starting from N‐acyl sulfonimidamides, mechanochemically generated rhodium nitrenoids undergo intramolecular N−O couplings to provide unprecedented 1,3,2,4‐oxathiadiazole 3‐oxides in good to excellent yields. The cyclization proceeds efficiently with a catalyst loading of only 0.5 mol % in the presence of phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) as oxida...

Rotaxanes can be regarded as storage systems for their wheel components, which broadens their application potential as a complement to the supramolecular systems that retain a mechanically interlocked structure. However, utilising rotaxanes in this way requires a method to release the wheel while preserving the integrity of all molecular constituen...

A new Cl–Cl···⁻O–N⁺ halogen-bonded paradigm has been demonstrated, using dichlorine as a halogen bond (XB) donor and N-oxide as an XB acceptor. Their crystalline complexes were formed during the warm-up process from −196 °C to −80 °C for X-ray diffraction analysis. They exhibit high instability in the crystalline state, even at these low temperatur...

Starting from N‐acyl sulfonimidamides, mechanochemically generated rhodium nitrenoids undergo intramolecular N–O couplings to provide unprecedented 1,3,2,4‐oxathiadiazole 3‐oxides in good to excellent yields. The cyclization proceeds efficiently with a catalyst loading of only 0.5 mol% in the presence of phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) as oxidan...

In nature, molecular environments in proteins can sterically protect and stabilize reactive species such as organic radicals through non-covalent interactions. Here, we report a near-infrared fluorescent rotaxane in which the stabilization of a chemically labile squaraine fluorophore by the coordination of a tetralactam macrocycle can be controlled...

Halogen(I) complexes are widely used as halogenation reagents and traditionally feature homoleptic stabilising Lewis bases, though the recent revitalisation of iodine(I) carboxylate chemistry has provided isolable examples of heteroleptic iodine(I) complexes. This work reports iodine(I) pnictogenate complexes stabilised by a Lewis base (L), Ph2P(O)...

The N─Oxide oxygen in the 111 C─I···⁻O─N⁺ halogen bond (XB) complexes, formed by five perfluoroiodobenzene XB donors and 32 pyridine N‐oxides (PyNO) XB acceptors, exhibits three XB modes: bidentate, tridentate, and monodentate. Their C─I···O XB angles range from 148° to 180°, reflecting the iodine σ‐hole's structure‐guiding influence. The I···⁻O─N⁺...

Based on the prior observation of the trifluoroacetate hypoiodite, CF3C(O)OI, demonstrating the largest σ‐hole of a neutral halogen bond donor, a series of mono‐ and bis‐carbonyl hypoiodites utilising trifluoromethyl or fluorine substituents at various positions of a parent benzoyl skeleton have been synthesised. The carbonyl hypoiodite complexes w...

Hemicucurbiturils are macrocycles formed by connecting ethyleneurea moieties with methylene bridges. This study presents the development of self-assembled chiral mono-biotinylated hemicucurbit[8]urils (mixHC[8]) in the solid state. The mixHC[8]s were synthesized in a single preparative step by a mechanochemically-assisted condensation reaction of D...

Seven pyridine iodine(I) sulfonate complexes were prepared and isolated at low temperatures and characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The inherently instable pyridine iodine(I) cations are stabilized by an oxygen of sulfonate anions via the I⋅⋅⋅O halogen bond. In these complexes, the iodine atom of the pyridine iodine(I) cation acts as an el...

This recommendation proposes a definition for the term “pnictogen bond”; the term pnictogen bond designates a subset of the attractive interactions between an electrophilic region on a pnictogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity.

The coordination nature of 2‐mono‐ and 2,6‐disubstituted pyridines with electron‐withdrawing halogen and electron‐donating methyl groups for [N−X−N]⁺ (X=I, Br) complexations have been studied using ¹⁵N NMR, X‐ray crystallography, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The ¹⁵N NMR chemical shifts reveal iodine(I) and bromine(I) prefer to...

Three novel monomethine cyanine dyes were synthesized carrying electron donating groups to obtain even brighter nucleic acids probes. Photophysical properties of these dyes were evaluated with DNA and selected dyes...

Two isostructural nanosized coordination cages of formula [MII4SO2TCA(μ4-OH2)]6TATB8•nS (M = Co or Ni, TATB= 4,4′,4″-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoate trisanion, S are solvent molecules) were obtained following a three-components strategy by using H3TATB (4,4′,4″-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyl-tribenzoic...

A mechanochemical synthesis of sulfonimidamides by iron(II)‐catalyzed exogenous ligand‐free N‐acyl nitrene transfer to sulfinamides is reported. The one‐step method tolerates a wide range of sulfinamides with various substituents under solvent‐free ambient conditions. Compared to its solution‐phase counterpart, this mechanochemical approach shows b...

The nature of (imide)N–X⋯N(pyridine) halogen‐bonded complexes formed by six N‐haloimides and sixteen 2‐substituted pyridines are studied using X‐ray crystallography (68 crystal structures), Density Functional Theory (DFT) (86 complexation energies), and NMR spectroscopy (90 association constants). Strong halogen bond (XB) donors such as N‐iodosucci...

A mechanochemical synthesis of sulfonimidamides by iron(II)‐catalyzed exogenous ligand‐free N‐acyl nitrene transfer to sulfinamides is reported. The one‐step method tolerates a wide range of sulfinamides with various substituents under solvent‐free ambient conditions. Compared to its solution‐phase counterpart, this mechanochemical approach shows b...

Halogen-bonded complexes are utilized across a myriad of synthetic chemistry fields, with halogen(I) complexes such as Barluenga's reagent being ubiquitous in halogenation reactions. The preparation of Barluenga's reagent requires the use of heavy metal salts and vast amounts of chlorinated solvents. In line with a more modern, environmentally cons...

A palladium‐catalyzed domino reaction of 2‐azidosulfonamides and isocyanides enables the synthesis of 3‐amino‐substituted 1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides at room temperature. By applying commercially available Pd(dba)2 in catalyst loadings as low as 1.0 mol%, a variety of 21 differently substituted 2H‐1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides can be...

Homoleptic [L−I−L]⁺ iodine(I) complexes (where L is a R3R2R1N tertiary amine) were synthesized via the [L−Ag−L]⁺→ [L−I−L]⁺ cation exchange reaction. In solution, the amines form [R3R2R1N−Ag−NR1R2R3]⁺ silver(I) complexes, which crystallize out from solution as the meso‐[L−Ag−L]⁺complexes, as characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The subsequent [L−...

The pursuit of N-iodopyridinium cation isolation and characterization remains a challenge. Here, we report seven N-iodopyridinium sulfonate complexes that were prepared and isolated at low temperatures and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. These inherently instable N-iodopyridinium cations are stabilized by an oxygen of sulfonate anions...

Halogen-bonded complexes are utilized across a myriad of synthetic chemistry fields, with halogen(I) complexes such as Barluenga’s reagent ubiquitous with respect to halogenation reactions. Especially the preparation of Barluenga’s reagent requieres the use of heavy metal salts and vast amounts of chlorinated solvents. In line with a more modern, e...

Strong Lewis acids are essential tools for manifold chemical procedures, but their scalable deployment is limited by their costs and safety concerns. We report a scalable, convenient, and inexpensive synthesis of stable diiminium-based reagents with a Lewis acidic carbon centre. Coordination with pyridine donors stabilises these centres; the 2,2’-b...

Strong Lewis acids are essential tools for manifold chemical procedures, but their scalable deployment is limited by their costs and safety concerns. We report a scalable, convenient, and inexpensive synthesis of stable diiminium‐based reagents with a Lewis acidic carbon centre. Coordination with pyridine donors stabilises these centres; the 2,2’‐b...

Site-selective functionalization of pyridines is a crucial tool for the synthesis of diverse pharmaceuticals and materials. We introduced diiminium pyridine adducts as highly convenient and potent Lewis acids. We report that tributylphosphine selectively adds to the 4-position of pyridine in tetramethyldiiminium pyridine ditrifluoromethanesulfonate...

N−X⋅⋅⋅⁻O−N⁺ halogen‐bonded systems formed by 27 pyridine N‐oxides (PyNOs) as halogen‐bond (XB) acceptors and two N‐halosuccinimides, two N‐halophthalimides, and two N‐halosaccharins as XB donors are studied in silico, in solution, and in the solid state. This large set of data (132 DFT optimized structures, 75 crystal structures, and 168 ¹H NMR tit...

Owing to the unknown correlation of a metal's ligand and its resulting preferred speciation in terms of oxidation state, geometry, and nuclearity, a rational design of multinuclear catalysts remains challenging. With the goal to accelerate the identification of suitable ligands that form trialkylphosphine-derived dihalogen-bridged Ni(I) dimers, we...

Building upon the first report of a 3-acetaminopyridine-based iodine(I) complex (1b) and its unexpected reactivity toward tBuOMe, several new 3-substituted iodine(I) complexes (2b-5b) have been synthesized. The iodine(I) complexes were synthesized from their analogous silver(I) complexes (2a-5a) via a silver(I) to iodine(I) cation exchange reaction...

N−X⋅⋅⋅ ⁻ O−N ⁺ halogen‐bonded systems formed by 27 pyridine N‐oxides (PyNOs) as halogen‐bond (XB) acceptors and two N‐halosuccinimides, two N‐halophthalimides, and two N‐halosaccharins as XB donors are studied in silico, in solution, and in the solid state. This large set of data (132 DFT optimized structures, 75 crystal structures, and 168 ¹ H NMR...

Sulfondiimines are marginalized entities among nitrogen‐containing organosulfur compounds, despite offering promising properties for applications in various fields including medicinal and agrochemical. Herein, we present a metal‐free and rapid synthetic procedure for the synthesis of N‐monosubstituted sulfondiimines that overcomes current limitatio...

Two different organometallic gold(I) compounds containing naphthalene and phenanthrene as fluorophores and 2-pyridyldiphenylphosphane as the ancillary ligand were synthesized (compounds 1 with naphthalene and 2 with phenanthrene). They were reacted with three different copper(I) salts with different counterions (PF6-, OTf-, and BF4-; OTf = triflate...

Difluoromethyl ethers are formed through mechanochemical reactions of alcohols with difluorocarbene in a mixer mill. The protocol could be applied to primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, yielding the corresponding products in excellent yields (up to 99%) after 1 h reaction time at room temperature. The transformations proceeded under solvent-...

Sulfondiimines are marginalized entities among nitrogen‐containing organosulfur compounds, despite offering promising properties for applications in various fields including medicinal and agrochemical. Herein, we present a metal‐free and rapid synthetic procedure for the synthesis of N ‐monosubstituted sulfondiimines that overcomes current limitati...

Three chiral carbonyl hypoiodites, R-C(O)OI, have been prepared from N-protected ( S )-valine to give the ligand-stabilised ( S )-valinoyl hypoiodite complexes with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, and 4-morpholinopyridine as the stabilising ligands. The identity of...

N-Trifluoroacetylated (N-TFA) sulfoximines react with 1-trifluoromethylstyrenes in a one-pot domino reaction to give fluorinated 5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazine 1-oxides in good to high yields. The process involves three sequential reaction steps that can be characterized as (1) nucleophilic allylic substitution (SN2'), (2) hydrolysis, and (3) intramolecu...

Copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of α‐bromoaryl NH‐sulfoximines with elemental sulfur lead to benzo[d][1,3,2]dithiazole‐1‐oxides, which represent a new class of three‐dimensional heterocycles. The reactions proceed under mild conditions showing good functional group and heterocycle tolerance. By imination/oxidation, the initial cross‐coupl...

Weak intermolecular forces are typically very difficult to observe in highly competitive polar protic solvents as they are overwhelmed by the quantity of competing solvent. This is even more challenging for three‐component ternary assemblies of pure organic compounds. In this work, we overcome these complications by leveraging the binding of fused...

Six new crotofolane diterpenoids (1-6) and 13 known compounds (7-19) were isolated from the MeOH-CH2Cl2 (1:1, v/v) extracts of the leaves and stem bark of Croton kilwae. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. The structure of crotokilwaepoxide A (1) was confirmed by si...

Solid‐state NMR has been applied to a series of Barluenga‐type iodine(I) [L‐I‐L]PF6 (L=pyridine, 4‐ethylpyridine, 4‐dimethylaminopyridine, isoquinoline) complexes as their hexafluorophosphate salts, as well as their respective non‐liquid ligands (L), their precursor silver(I) complexes, and the respective N‐methylated pyridinium and quinolinium hex...

Strong Lewis acids are essential tools for a manifold of chemical procedures that aim to react weakly basic centres but their scalable deployment is severely limited by their costs and safety concerns. We report that dicationic relatives of guanidinium can be conveniently synthesised in a two-step one-pot procedure from tetramethylurea. Triflic anh...

Cholesterol reacts under Appel conditions (CBr4/PPh3) to give 3,5-cholestadiene (elimination) and 3β-bromocholest-5-ene (substitution with retention of configuration). Thus, the bromination of cholesterol deviates from the stereochemistry of the standard Appel mechanism due to participation of the Δ5 π-electrons. In contrast, the subsequent azidoly...

N-Alkyl sulfoximines react with arynes generated in situ under mild conditions providing o-sulfinylanilines in good yields. The transformation is characterized by a broad substrate scope and a good functional group tolerance. The structure of a reaction product was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Two series of Pt(II)-cyclometallated compounds containing N^C^N tridentate and alkynyl-chromophore ligands have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The N^C^N ligands differ on the presence of R1 = H or F in the central aromatic ring, while six different chromophores have been introduced to the alkynyl moiety. Single-crystal X-ray struc...

Copper(I)‐catalyzed domino reactions of 2‐azido sulfoximines with 1‐iodoalkynes yield fused triazolyl‐containing benzothiadiazine‐1‐oxides. The protocol features the synthesis of two fused heterocyclic rings in one step with good to excellent yields and a broad functional group tolerance. Detailed mechanistic investigations indicate that a copper π...

A series of LH[Z–I–Z] halogen(I) complexes, where Z = saccharinato or phthalimido anions and LH = pyridinium, pyrazinium, tetrabutyl (TBA)- or tetramethylammonium (TMA) cations, were prepared, structurally characterized, and discussed as complexes consisting of a [N–I–N]− anion with a three-center–four-electron (3c-4e) halogen bond, and a hydrogen-...

Strong Lewis acids are essential tools for a manifold of chemical procedures that aim to react weakly basic centres but their scalable deployment is severely limited by their costs and safety concerns. We report that dicationic relatives of guanidinium can be conveniently synthesised in a two-step one-pot procedure from tetramethylurea. Triflic anh...

A series of iodine(I) complexes, both known and new, were synthesised and the dependence of iodination reactivity on the identity of the Lewis bases and anions present was investigated. Using...

A variety of 3-amino-substituted benzothiadiazine oxides were synthesised in a single-step by applying a palladium-catalysed cascade reaction of 2-azido sulfoximines with isonitriles. The desired heterocycles were observed in good to...

The dicatechol ester ligand 2-H4 forms the compressed helicate Li4[(2)3Ti2] which upon removal of the internally bound lithium cations expands. In the compressed form, the chiral diol units control the stereochemistry of the complex which is lost upon expansion of the system.

Two series of dinuclear gold(I) complexes that contain two Au–chromophore units (chromophore = dibenzofurane or dimethylfluorene) connected through a diphosphane bridge that differs in the flexibility and length (diphosphane = dppb for 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, DPEphos for bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether, xanthphos for 4,5-bis(dipheny...

Cholesterol reacts under Appel conditions (CBr 4 /PPh 3 ) to give 3,5-cholestadiene (elimination) and 3 b -bromocholest-5-ene (substitution with retention of configuration). Thus, the bromination of cholesterol deviates from the stereochemistry of the standard Appel mechanism due to participation of the D ⁵ π -electrons. In contrast, the subsequent...

Giant octahedral M32 coordination cages were prepared via self-assembly of sulfonylcalix[4]arene-supported tetranuclear M(II) clusters (M = Co, Ni) with hybrid linker based on tris(dipyrrinato)cobalt(III) complexes appended with peripherical carboxylic groups....

Strong Lewis acids are essential tools for a manifold of chemical procedures that aim to react weakly basic centres but their scalable deployment is severely limited by their costs and safety concerns. We report that dicationic relatives of guanidinium can be conveniently synthesised in a two-step one-pot procedure from tetramethylurea. Triflic anh...

The coordination chemistry of corrole has witnessed a great improvement in the past few years and its Periodic Table has been widened to be so large that it is compared with that of porphyrins. However, Ni and Zn ions, commonly used with porphyrins for both synthetic and theoretical purposes, are sparsely reported in the case of corroles. Here, we...

In recent years, the studies of RNA and its use for the development of RNA based vaccines have increased drastically. Although cyanine dyes are commonly used probes for studying nucleic acids, in a wide range of applications, there is still a growing need for better and brighter dyes. To meet this demand, we have systematically studied the structur...

A simple 1:1 cadmium (II) complex CdCl2L of 4´-[4-(4-aminophenyl)phenyl]- 2,2′:6′,2"-terpyridine ligand L was synthesized, and structure was established by ¹H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The crystal structure revealed that Cd(II) ion in the complex adopted a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, and coordinated to three nitro...

The synthesis of the gold(I) alkynyl-fluorene compound 2 containing a diphosphane (dppb = 1,4-bisdiphenylphosphanebutane) has been easily afforded by the treatment of the previously synthesized [2-ethynylfluorene-Au]n polymer (1) and the corresponding dppb diphosphane in the adequate 2:1 stoichiometry. Compound 2 presents a boat-tweezer conformatio...

The first tris (O‒I‒N) carbonyl hypoiodites have been synthesised based on trimesic acid and pyridine or 4-methylpyridine, with their structures definitively confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The more soluble...

In recent years, 3-aminopiperidine and 3-aminoazepane have been identified as important pharmacophores that led to the development of drugs having several billion dollar global revenues. Although the number of protocols for the resolution of suitable racemic derivatives is steadily increasing, there is an ongoing demand for new synthetic methods to...

The leaf extract of Suregada zanzibariensis gave two new modified ent-abietane diterpenoids, zanzibariolides A (1) and B (2), and two known triterpenoids, simiarenol (3) and β-amyrin (4). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on NMR and MS data analysis. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to establish the absolute co...

Treatment of N‐methyl‐S,S‐diaryl sulfoximines with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate provides bench‐stable sulfoxinium salts in excellent yields. Applying them in Sonogashira‐, Heck‐ and Suzuki‐type cross‐coupling reactions leads to the corresponding products by sequential C−S bond cleavage and C−C bond formation. Electronic factors induced by subst...

The base-promoted direct amidation of unactivated esters is among the most useful reactions for amide bond formation in contemporary organic chemistry. The intensive research in this area has led to the development of a number of new methods to achive this transformation. However, to date, the existing literature is more methodological and in many...

Doubly and triply deprotonated 2-bromo-C-alkylresorcinarene anions form host–guest complexes with both tetramethylammonium cations and bis-protonated dimethyl piperazine cations. The trianion forms a fully closed dimeric capsule with one endo- and two exo-cavity bis-protonated dimethyl piperazine cations. Interestingly, the dianion crystallized fro...

Colistin, considered a drug of last resort as it is effective towards multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Oral administration of colistin in the poultry industry is a common practice, not only to prevent and reduce bacterial infections, but also as a rapid-growth promoter. Long-term exposure to any antibiotic will eventually lea...

Herein we report on the synthesis of six new phosphane-gold(I)-4-ethynylaniline complexes (neutral and cationic), with a tris-naphthalene substituted tertiary phosphane bearing a secondary amine as a linker and containing different halogen groups (Cl and Br) in the naphthyl group. We have demonstrated in this work how the careful control of the int...

A new coumarin derivative, 4-amino-3-nitroso-2H-chromen-2-one (B) was synthesized through a very easy procedure and charecterized by ¹H- and ¹³C- NMR, FTIR, HRMS and single crystal XRD analysis. Its photo-physical characteristics along with its transition metal ion-sensing capability were cultivated. Unique crystal packing with 3D-π-stacking intera...

The interaction of a [bis(pyridine)iodine(I)] ⁺ cation with a [bis(pyridine)silver(I)] ⁺ cation, in which an iodonium ion acts as nucleophile by transferring electron density to the silver(I) cation, is reinvestigated herein. No...

Guest capture and release are important properties of self-assembling nanostructures. Over time, a significant fraction of guests might engage in short-lived states with different symmetry and stereoselectivity and transit frequently between multiple environments, thereby escaping common spectroscopy techniques. Here, we investigate the cavity of a...

New chiral tetranuclear square-like homo- and heterometallamacrocycles containing allyl-palladium and either {Pd(P-P)*} or {Pt(P-P)*} optically pure moieties (P-P* = (2S,3S)-O-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane ((S,S)-DIOP) and (2S,4S)-2,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)pentane ((S,S)-BDPP)) have been obtained by the self-assemb...

The silver(i) and iodine(i) complexes of the 2-substituted pyridines 2-(diphenylmethyl)pyridine (1) and 2-(1,1-diphenylethyl)pyridine (2), along with their potential protonated side products, were synthesised to investigate the steric limitations of iodine(i) complex formation. The complexes were characterised by 1H and 1H-15N HMBC NMR, X-ray cryst...

Halogen bonding occurs between a positive region of a polarized halogen (X), most commonly with an iodine or bromine atom. The polarization, caused by an electron withdrawing group (R), induces electron deficiency onto the halogen atom, creating an electropositive region known as a σ-hole. This σ-hole then interacts with electron-rich nucleophiles...

An easily accessible colorimetric probe, a carbazole-naphthaldehyde conjugate ( CNP ), was successfully prepared for the selective and sensitive recognition of Sn(II) in different commercially-available toothpaste and mouth wash samples. The binding mechanism of CNP for Sn ²⁺ was confirmed by UV-Vis, ¹ H and ¹³ C NMR titrations. The proposed sensin...

An easily accessible colorimetric probe, a carbazole–naphthaldehyde conjugate (CNP), was successfully prepared for the selective and sensitive recognition of Sn(II) in different commercially‑available toothpaste and mouth wash samples. The binding mechanism of CNP for Sn2+ was confirmed by UV–Vis, 1H, and 13C NMR titrations. The proposed sensing me...

The development of purely organic fluorescence emitters is of great importance for their low cost and high performance. Responding to this demand, carbazole is a promising emitter due to its extensive freedom for functionalisation, high thermal and chemical stability, as well as low cost. Herein, the effect of protonation on the fluorescence of var...

N-Alkyl ammonium resorcinarene chloride receptors, NARX4, have been shown to act as high-sensitivity detectors of pyrophosphate (PPi), a biomarker of disease, in aqueous media through the chloride-to-PPi exchange [NAR(Cl)4 to...

The directionality of the [N‒I‒N]+ halogen bond makes iodine(I) ions impeccable tools in the design and construction of [N−I−N]+ halogen-bonded assemblies. The synthesis of dimeric iodine(I) cages with imidazole-derived N-donor...

Retraction of ‘Nucleophilic iodonium interactions (NIIs) in 2-coordinate iodine( i ) and silver( i ) complexes’ by Jas S. Ward et al. , Chem. Commun. , 2021, 57 , 5094–5097, DOI: 10.1039/D1CC01505B.

The Cover Feature shows the cascade sequence for the synthesis of a wide variety of novel N‐fused indolines under mild conditions from simple indoles. Iron and hydrochloric acid mediate the reduction of the nitro‐group and dearomatizing cyclization of indoles. In this study, the dearomatizing cyclization also proceeds well with Cu(OTf)2 or TfOH as...

Learning to stabilize palladium dimers Catalyst optimization is often difficult to do rationally. Once something works, it may be unclear which specific features underpin the performance. A case in point is the stabilization of palladium(I) dimers, which has relied on a very small class of phosphine ligands. Hueffel et al . used machine learning to...

Six bile acid alkyl amide derivatives were studied with respect to their gelation properties. The derivatives were composed of three different bile acids with hexyl or cyclohexyl side chains. The gelation behaviour of all six compounds were studied for 36 solvents with varying polarities. Gelation was observed mainly in aromatic solvents, which is...

Subsequent reduction and dearomatizing cyclization reactions open up an entry into the synthesis of novel N‐fused polycyclic indolines. The dearomatizing cyclization as key step of the sequence proceeds well with Cu(OTf)2 or TfOH as catalyst. At elevated temperature reduction of nitro‐substituted precursors with iron under acidic conditions affords...

New 1-2 nm macrocyclic iodine(I) complexes prepared via a simple ligand exchange reaction, manifest rigid 0.5-1 nm cavities that bind hexafluorophosphate anion in the gas phase. The size of the cavities and the electrostatic interactions with the iodine(I) cations influence the anion binding properties of these macrocyclic complexes.