Kari C Kugler

Kari C Kugler
Pennsylvania State University | Penn State

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62
Publications
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Publications

Publications (62)
Article
Background Rates of alcohol and/or substance use (ASU) among residents of predominantly Black and marginalized communities are similar to ASU rates in White communities. Yet ASU has worse consequences in predominantly Black and marginalized communities (e.g., higher incarceration). Objective We randomized participants to one of 16 intervention con...
Article
Background/aims: Preventing the development of childhood obesity requires multilevel, multicomponent, comprehensive approaches. Study designs often do not allow for systematic evaluation of the efficacy of individual intervention components before the intervention is fully tested. As such, childhood obesity prevention programs may contain a mix of...
Article
Although infants’ sleep behaviors are shaped by their interactions with parents at bedtime, few tools exist to capture parents’ sleep parenting practices. This study developed a Sleep Parenting Scale for Infants (SPS-I) and aimed to (1) explore and validate its factorial structure, (2) examine its measurement invariance across mothers and fathers,...
Article
Full-text available
We examined the intersection of alcohol use and hookups among transgender college students to identify sexual behaviors that may reduce negative hookup experiences. Our analytic sample included US college students who identified as transgender (n=36; 11 trans men and 25 trans women). Descriptive analyses were performed using the Online College Soci...
Article
Objective To describe an iterative approach to developing an online intervention targeting the intersection of alcohol use and sexual behaviors among first year college students. Methods and Participants: Using the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), we conducted two iterative optimization trials to: (1) identify candidate intervention compone...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: To explore sexual sensation seeking (SSS) among an ethnically-diverse sample of first-year college students and their hookup behaviors. Participants: 1,480 first-year college students who hooked up in the last 30 days were recruited from four universities in 2016. Methods: Students completed an online survey before completing an online...
Article
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This study used a sexual scripting framework to analyse data from the Online College Social Life Survey to examine the role of individual, (e.g. gender, race and alcohol use), relational (partner type, condom use behaviours), and contextual factors (sex ratios and fraternity/sorority affiliation) influencing 4,292 first-year college students’ hooku...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose The objective of the study was to examine whether latent class analysis (LCA) could (1) identify distinct subgroups of youth characterized by multiple risk and protective factors for early sexual initiation and (2) allow for a more nuanced assessment of the effects of a middle school program to prevent teen pregnancy/HIV/sexually transmitte...
Chapter
This chapter describes some aspects of an application of the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) to optimize and evaluate itMatters, an online intervention that targets the intersection of alcohol use and sexual behaviors to reduce sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among college students. The chapter emphasizes two aspects of this applicat...
Chapter
This chapter is intended to describe the differences between effect coding and dummy coding when the multiple regression approach is used to perform analysis of variance (ANOVA) with balanced (i.e., an equal number of subjects in each experimental condition) factorial designs. Using a hypothetical example of a 2³ factorial experiment, we present th...
Article
Full-text available
Background Rates of alcohol and illicit drug use (AIDU) are consistently similar across racial groups (Windsor and Negi, J Addict Dis 28:258–68, 2009; Keyes et al. Soc Sci Med 124:132–41, 2015). Yet AIDU has significantly higher consequences for residents in distressed communities with concentrations of African Americans (DCAA - i.e., localities wi...
Book
Behavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical interventions are programs with the objective of improving and maintaining human health and well-being, broadly defined, in individuals, families, schools, organizations, or communities. These interventions may be aimed at, for example, preventing or treating disease, promoting physical and mental health, p...
Article
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The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based behavioral medicine interventions into real world practice has been limited. The purpose of this paper is to discuss specific limitations of current behavioral medicine research within the context of the RE-AIM framework, and potential opportunities to increase public health impact by applying...
Article
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Background Parents shape children’s eating environments and act as powerful socialization agents, impacting young children’s behavioral controls of food intake. Most feeding measures assess parents’ use of control to manage children’s intake of energy dense foods. The Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) questionnaire was developed to ass...
Article
Full-text available
Background Emerging approaches to building more efficient and effective behavioral interventions are becoming more widely available. The current paper provides an empirical example of the use of the engineering-inspired multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) to build a remotely delivered responsive parenting intervention to prevent obesity among c...
Article
Purpose: To examine how age of onset of sexual intercourse is associated with past-year and lifetime sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and depression in young adulthood. Methods: We examined how occurrence of a lifetime and past-year STI, lifetime diagnosis of depression, and past-week depressive symptoms differed as a function of age of on...
Article
Although early sexual initiation has been linked to negative outcomes, it is unknown whether these effects are causal. In this study, we use propensity score methods to estimate the causal effect of early sexual initiation on young adult sexual risk behaviors and health outcomes using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult...
Article
Adolescents' sexual and romantic relationship experiences are multidimensional but often studied as single constructs. Thus, it is not clear how different patterns of sexual and relationship experience may interact to differentially predict later outcomes. In this study we used latent class analysis to model patterns (latent classes) of adolescent...
Article
To move society toward an AIDS-free generation, behavioral interventions for prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS must be not only effective, but also cost-effective, efficient, and readily scalable. The purpose of this article is to introduce to the HIV/AIDS research community the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), a new methodological frame...
Article
The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) is a framework for not only evaluating but also optimizing behavioral interventions. A tool critical for MOST is the screening experiment, which enables efficient gathering of information for deciding which components to include in an optimized intervention. This article outlines a procedure for making de...
Article
Background: An understanding of the individual and combined effects of a set of intervention components is important for moving the science of preventive medicine interventions forward. This understanding can often be achieved in an efficient and economical way via a factorial experiment, in which two or more independent variables are manipulated....
Article
Adolescent sexual behavior is multidimensional, yet most studies of the topic use variable-oriented methods that reduce behaviors to a single dimension. In this study, we used a person-oriented approach to model adolescent sexual behavior comprehensively, using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We identified five laten...
Conference Paper
Introduction: The association between depression and sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been well-established in the literature. While the temporal sequencing of the events provides evidence of which comes first, inferring causation remains difficult as other variables might explain the association. Causal inferenc...
Conference Paper
Introduction. Adolescent sexual risk behavior is multifaceted, characterized by behaviors such as number of partners, timing of first sex and condom use. Yet the majority of research on adolescent sexual behavior focuses on a single aspect of sexual behavior at a time. Latent class analysis (LCA) provides an opportunity to measure adolescent sexual...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Background: Without effective intervention, it is predicted that 50% of children in the US will be obese by 2030. Establishing responsive feeding practices early in life may promote self-regulation, have lasting effects on eating behavior and eventually establish healthy growth and development. A promising point of intervention is preventing the us...
Article
Assessing mediation is important because most interventions are designed to affect an intermediate variable or mediator; this mediator, in turn, is hypothesized to affect outcome behaviors. Although there may be randomization to the intervention, randomization to levels of the mediator is not generally possible. Therefore, drawing causal inferences...
Article
To identify factors distinguishing adolescents across 3 groups: no self-harm, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) only, and NSSI and suicide attempt (NSSI + SA). Data were from the 2007 Minnesota Student Survey. The sample included 61,330 students in grades 9 and 12. Logistic regression analysis determined factors that best distinguished adolescents who...
Article
Understanding the multiple factors that place individuals at risk for sexual risk behavior is critical for developing effective intervention programs. Regression-based methods are commonly used to estimate the average effects of risk factors, however such results can be difficult to translate to prevention implications at the individual level. Alth...
Article
Prime Time, a youth development intervention, aims to reduce pregnancy risk among adolescent girls seeking clinic service who are at high risk for pregnancy. This article examines sexual risk behaviors and hypothesized psychosocial mediators after 12 months of the Prime Time intervention. This study was a randomized controlled trial with 253 girls...
Article
With over 1.5 billion young people in the world who are between the ages of 10 and 25, ensuring the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents is essential for global health. Extensive variations exist in the prevalence of adolescent sexual and reproductive health behaviors and outcomes around the world. This chapter uses an ecological perspecti...
Article
The goal of this group-randomized trial was to test the effectiveness of an adapted alcohol use preventive intervention for urban, low-income and multi-ethnic settings. Sixty-one public schools in Chicago were recruited to participate, were grouped into neighborhood study units and assigned randomly to intervention or 'delayed program' control cond...
Article
Full-text available
The use of reliable and valid tools to evaluate theory-based health interventions is widely accepted as critical to the behavioral sciences. However, quite often the psychometric properties of survey instruments used to evaluate behavioral interventions are not published, limiting our understanding of how the theory works. The purpose of this study...
Article
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Mediation analysis is a statistical technique that can be used to identify mechanisms by which intervention programs achieve their effects. This paper presents the results of a mediation analysis of Ngao, an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) education program that was implemented with school children in Grades 6 and 7 in Tanzania in the mid...
Article
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The current study describes the extensive cross-cultural adaptation of a brief home-based alcohol prevention program for racially and ethnically diverse sixth grade students and their families, using a randomized controlled trial design involving 60 public schools in the city of Chicago (N = 3,623 students). The adapted program achieved high partic...
Chapter
Focusing on international health issues in adolescent medicine, this issue of Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews is a stand-alone reference and practice tool with evidence-based reviews that detail advances in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of health problems affecting adolescents. Topics in International Health Issues in A...
Article
The primary goal of this study was to assess whether increases in fat-free mass (FFM) and decreases in total and percentage fat mass from 15 weeks of twice weekly supervised strength training would be maintained over 6 months of unsupervised exercise in a randomized controlled trial. In all, 60 women aged 30-50 y, body mass index between 20 and 35...
Article
Pneumonia is the second most frequent cause of nosocomial infection, and hospitalization frequently is needed for community-acquired pneumonia. Knowledge of causative pathogens through periodic surveillance, and their prevailing antimicrobial susceptibility patterns becomes paramount in choosing appropriate empiric therapy. The SENTRY Antimicrobial...
Article
In response to conflicting reports on the chemical stability of quinupristin/dalfopristin, a study was designed to assess the in vitro longevity and effects of media and storage conditions on this streptogramin combination. Broth microdilution trays containing parenteral (quinupristin/dalfopristin) and oral (RPR 106 972) streptogramin combinations...
Article
Thirty-seven sentinel hospitals (29 in the United States [US]; eight in Canada) collected bacterial isolates from hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of these pathogens were determined to more than 60 agents (40 reported) using the reference broth microdilution method described by the Natio...
Article
The emergence and sustained prevalence of Gram-positive organisms resistant to antimicrobials has been of interest for over a decade. Quinupristin/dalfopristin (formerly RP 59500 or Synercid) is a new injectable streptogramin combination that has been reported to have activity against Gram-positive organisms, even those with documented MLS(B) resis...
Article
From January through June of 1998, 4579 bloodstream infections (BSI) due to bacterial pathogens were reported from SENTRY hospitals in Canada, the USA and Latin America. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) were the most common pathogens, together accounting for 55.2% of all BSI during this time peri...
Article
From January through June of 1998, 4579 bloodstream infections (BSI) due to bacterial pathogens were reported from SENTRY hospitals in Canada, the USA and Latin America. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) were the most common pathogens, together accounting for 55.2% of all BSI during this time peri...
Article
ζ-Potential measurements were obtained in order to determine whether electrostatic interactions occur between the tuberculostatics ofloxacin and rifampicin and the molecular species of different lipid bilayers. The results obtained showed that both ofloxacin and rifampicin modify the surface charge of lipid vesicles. The extent of these modificatio...
Article
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common and involves pathogens with changing susceptibility patterns. The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program evaluates international pathogen incidence patterns to detect and manage the emergence of resistant strains. We describe the antimicrobial resistance patterns among 1617 pathogens recovered from UTIs du...
Article
Full-text available
During 1997, a total of 4,267 nosocomial and community-acquired bloodstream infections due to gram-negative organisms were reported from SENTRY hospitals in Canada (8 sites), the United States (30 sites), and Latin America (10 sites). Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (41% of all gram-negative isolates), followed by Klebsiella species (1...
Article
Objectives: To investigate the in vitro potency and spectrum of activity of gatifloxacin and five comparator fluoroquinolones tested against over 23 000 clinical isolates from diverse geographic and clinical sources in the Americas. Methods: Gram-negative, Gram-positive and fastidious bacterial isolates were tested against gatifloxacin, ciprofloxac...
Article
We report the antimicrobial susceptibility of 736 organisms isolated from bloodstream infections in 10 Latin American medical centers during the first six months of 1997. The data presented here is from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, a comprehensive surveillance study involving 72 medical centers worldwide. The isolates ivere tested...
Article
HACEK group organisms are very fastidious organisms (Haemophilus spp., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominus, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella spp.) that can produce serious invasive infections such as endocarditis. Problems with susceptibility testing methods and their rarity of isolation limit available information of therape...
Article
As part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1562 bacterial isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in 30 United States (U.S.) and 8 Canadian medical centers between October and December, 1997. The overall rank order of recovery of the six most common pathogens was Staphylococcus...
Article
The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program was established in January, 1997 to monitor the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired infections via a network of sentinel hospitals in the United States (30 sites), Canada (eight sites), Latin America (10 sites), and Europe (24 sites). During t...
Article
Gatifloxacin (formerly AM-1155 and CG5501), a new 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, has an expanded spectrum of activity against Gram-positive cocci and some anaerobic bacteria. This compound was tested against 600 recent clinical strains of rapidly growing aerobic species to establish susceptibility testing interpretive criteria for the reference broth m...
Article
Gatifloxacin (formerly AM-1155 and CG5501), a new 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, has an expanded spectrum of activity against Gram-positive cocci and some anaerobic bacteria. This compound was tested against 600 recent clinical strains of rapidly growing aerobic species to establish susceptibility testing interpretive criteria for the reference broth m...
Article
Full-text available
Between February and June of 1997, a large number of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1,077) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 503) from 27 U.S. and 7 Canadian medical centers were characterized as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Overall prevalences of beta-lactamase production were 33...
Article
Pneumonia is the most common fatal hospital-acquired infection, with attributable mortality rates ranging from 30 to 60%. Rapid initiation of optimal antimicrobial therapy is essential for obtaining treatment success. In this report the antimicrobial susceptibility of 556 strains from the lower respiratory tract were collected by the SENTRY Antimic...
Article
During the past 6 to 7 years, the problem of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has grown dramatically in the United States. Currently, ∼26.5% of pneumococcal isolates express intermediate levels of resistance to penicillin; ∼17.5% are highly penicillin resistant. We studied whether clonal relationships exist among current isolate...
Article
Full-text available
As part of the ongoing multinational SENTRY antimicrobial resistance surveillance program, a total of 1,047 respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 845 from 27 United States medical centers and 202 from seven Canadian institutions, were collected between February and June 1997 and characterized in a central laboratory. In the United...
Article
Full-text available
The SENTRY Program was established in January 1997 to measure the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired infections over a broad network of sentinel hospitals in the United States (30 sites), Canada (8 sites), South America (10 sites), and Europe (24 sites). During the first 6-month study pe...
Article
Full-text available
The in vitro activity of a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, BAY 12-8039, against recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 404), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 330), and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 250) was evaluated. Activity was compared to those of six other fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxac...

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