Karen Ruth Leonard- PhD
- Professor (Associate) at Olivet Nazarene University
Karen Ruth Leonard
- PhD
- Professor (Associate) at Olivet Nazarene University
About
4
Publications
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Introduction
Current institution
Publications
Publications (4)
The Challenge
Developing Advanced speaking proficiency in the TL is an important goal for teacher candidates. However, what happens after they begin teaching? Do in‐service teachers' proficiency levels improve, remain the same, or decline over time? How can teachers maintain or improve their proficiency?
In L2 listening research, there is debate over the roles of bottom-up and top-down processing in comprehension. However, little previous research has examined the relationship between listeners' ability to aurally decode individual words (an aspect of bottom-up processing) and their overall comprehension of listening texts (believed to be the resul...
In the L2 fluency literature there is considerable debate over how best to operationally define pauses and how different pause measures relate to L2 proficiency. This creates a challenge for researchers interested in L2 fluency, and particularly those who are working with groups that vary in L2 proficiency. This article addresses these issues by ex...
We take a multidimensional perspective on the development of second language (L2) speaking ability and examine how changes in the underlying cognitive variables of linguistic knowledge and processing speed interact with complexity, fluency, and accuracy over the course of a 3-month Spanish study abroad session. Study abroad provides a unique learni...
