Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities - Kjssh

Kardan Institute of Higher Education · Department of Social Sciences

The proponents of Just War Theory argue that the Afghanistan war of 2001 was a Just war. However, the application of Just War theory principles of last resort, legitimate authority, and proportionality to the Afghan war reveals that the US invasion of Afghanistan was unjust. The decision was taken without giving due consideration to alternate means...

Unpaid care work and working in the informal sector have restricted women’s access to finance. These money restrictions are partly because of cultural barriers framing gender roles and institutions structured towards a service economy that is representative of women. Also, the market’s emphasis on minimum state intervention and freedom of trade and...

This study evaluates the theoretical and empirical relationship between conflict and trade flows in the SAARC region. The analysis is based on a panel data set with annual observations on 5 countries from 2005 to 2019, which combines World Bank trade data with Uppsala Conflict Data Program data on armed conflict, non-state conflict, and one-sided v...

Delving into the health of the education system and unfolding the graduate labour market conditions, this study aims to address the limited empirical analysis of Kabul higher education students' approaches to career planning and perceptions of Afghanistan's labour market. This study has carried out an extensive theoretical and empirical analysis to...

Since its creation in 1947, Pakistan's relations with Afghanistan have been ‎mostly ‎tense. This paper analyzes the trajectory of these relations and elements ‎that have ‎contributed to their hostility. A qualitative approach has been adopted, ‎and in-‎depth interviews were conducted with respective experts of the region. Six ‎issues ‎were identifi...

The impulsive U.S withdrawal from Syria cultivated uncertainty among ‎‎Middle ‎Eastern countries which have, over the years, relied on sustained ‎‎transatlantic ‎military support. This feeling of abandonment – aided by the ‎‎heightened threats to ‎regime survival by alternate regional powers – ‎‎triggered a subtle, yet significant, ‎foreign policy...

The present study covers the relative aspects of the COVID-19 ‎pandemic and ‎violence ‎against women during the lockdown period in ‎India. The analysis of ‎the study is based on ‎available data at the website ‎of the National Commission ‎for Women (NCW), Government of ‎India. ‎This suggests that the significant ‎changes occurred in violence ‎agains...

Following the ouster of the Taliban regime in 2001, India was quick ‎enough to ‎respond to be part ‎of the emerging political structure in ‎Afghanistan. Since 2001, ‎India’s engagement with Afghanistan ‎became ‎multi-dimensional. It adopted the ‎soft power approach in the ‎reconstruction process of ‎Afghanistan. India’s ‎strategy in Afghanistan has...

The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the education system ‎at the ‎primary ‎and tertiary levels in Afghanistan. The containment ‎measures that ‎included maintaining ‎physical distance led to the closure ‎of schools. While many ‎institutions have tried to manage ‎the issue ‎through online and remote learning, ‎the absence of ‎adequate ‎in...

The valley of Kashmir is known for hospitality, brotherhood, and ‎harmony from ‎ancient times. The ‎minority sections like Hindus, Sikhs, ‎and Buddhists were the ‎counterparts of peaceful coexistence ‎and ‎cultural harmony known as ‎Kashmiriyat. The identity of Kashmiriyat ‎was distinct, neither part ‎of India nor ‎Pakistan because the culture and...

Good governance denotes ensuring justice, empowerment of masses, ‎‎‎employment opportunities and efficient delivery of services. Terrorism ‎‎however is a hurdle in achieving the above and thus is a spoiler. It is a major ‎‎challenge in assuring rule of law in a country, security, prosperity, ‎‎development, and human ‎rights and fundamental freedoms...

This paper analyzed the significance of education-tied external aid, and ‎the role of disease ‎on school enrolment in Sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, ‎the analysis focused extensively ‎on primary, secondary and tertiary school ‎enrolment over a period of 2010 and 2019 for 42 ‎selected countries in the ‎region. After controlling for income per he...

It has been 19 years of September 11 tragedy, in response United States ‎waged a war against ‎perpetrators. The country with some NATO member ‎countries took the lead in war against ‎terror, and started Operation ‎enduring freedom on 7th October 2001, to topple the Taliban ‎regime, and ‎Eliminate terrorist organizations from its roots. For the purp...

The article traces the overthrow of matriarchy and evolution of ‎monogamy ‎historically and discusses the concepts, methods and ‎approaches and units ‎of research along with the examination of Glass ‎Ceiling hypothesis of Baxter ‎and Wright. In the last, it highlights the ‎inadequacies and limitations of ‎existing models and considers gender as a ‎...

Foreign direct investment is a critical and leading effective component of economic growth and is influenced by many economic and political, including international political relations. The main focus of this study is to investigate the impact of Afghanistan’s international political relations on FDI inflows. To this end, an extensive theoretical a...

The global character assassination is a euphemism for Islamophobia. Islamophobia is propagated by negative stereotyping and profiling of Islam and Muslims and it is the cotemporary challenge confronting the Muslims 'ummah globally. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the genesis, dynamics and the effects of the global character assassinati...

Since the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, they have been striving for gaining power in Afghanistan. The losses of Pakistan in Afghanistan are considered by India as a victory and vice versa. The adversaries of both countries have been so strong and deep rooted that both India and Pakistan miss no chance to ‘checkmate’ each other on the...

Electoral systems are the most powerful lever of political engineering for conflict resolution and shaping the content and practice of politics in divided societies, such as Afghanistan; and their design is highly sensitive to context. This paper explores the suitability of Afghanistan's electoral mechanisms in light of the nation's political syste...

Afghanistan and India have been two friendly countries sharing a long history of close ties. However, the two countries are confronted with a number of challenges including security, extremism, radicalism and trust deficit at the regional level. In the meantime, both countries have socioeconomic and sociopolitical potential for each other that can...

“Patriotism” should not be confused with “nationalism” as both concepts are used so vaguely that any definition could be challenged, however, since these are two different ideas, one must draw a distinction between them. Following the 9/11 attacks, there was a crossroad of patriotism and nationalism. While on the one hand, people's sympathy for the...

The ideological rivalry between USA and USSR, as exponents of Capitalism and Communism respectively, led to cold war between the two super powers where they focused on finding a buffer state for their antagonism. Afghanistan became victim of the same rivalry where the two powers strived to preserve their hegemonic interests by funding, financing an...

The state of Jammu and Kashmir is witnessing the control and influence of armed conflict from last three decades. The conflict not only impacted the liberty and security of the people, but there has been a considerable loss in terms of economy. Due to lack of industrial sector, the state is facing with tremendous problem of unemployment. However, t...

Kankor examination is a high-stake examination since its results can have a significant influence on a student’s socio-economic life in the long term. Every year, hundreds of thousands of students appear in exams with the hope to secure good marks. In this study, we investigate the student’s perception regarding the Kankor examination in terms of p...

The process of modernization or democratization in Europe was a result of lengthy, troublesome, committed and constant struggle for change continuing since centuries. It was not a product of overnight endeavors. The underdeveloped countries of the East were deeply attracted by the economic development, social liberalization and political emancipati...

Voluntary repatriation is the most preferred solution to refuge situations; however, for a repatriation to be permanent, pull factors in the country of origin need to be more profound than push factors in the host country. Such pull factors should force the refugees decide to return ‘voluntarily’, in ‘safety’ and ‘dignity’. Among other things, volu...

Some Orientalists claim that Islamic law is a copy of Roman law or even that it is Roman law in an Islamic veil. This paper attempts to study international law of Islam and compare it with the international law notions of Roman law. It first evaluates claims of the Orientalists about the Islamic law in general and then compares International law of...

This paper, in the background of the historical conflicts in Kashmir and Afghanistan, attempts to understand how events and discourses inform the trans-national potential of local politics in these regions. Through empirical data on two recent major events, the paper offers an overview of the political conflict, memory, history and struggle in both...

The American interference and intervention has continued in the affairs of other countries and is well known to the world. United States, after emerging from self-imposed isolationist policy in 1940s’, has regularly interfered in politically, strategically, geographically and economically relevant regions. The purpose of such interference has been...

This paper is a comparative analysis of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries, viz. India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka with a detailed view on women participation in three significant indicators: Education, Health and Labor Force Participation. In this paper, an in-depth analysis of...

There are three basic assumptions in the Marxist theories of law, first, that law is the product of economic forces; secondly, law is considered to be the tool of the ruling class to maintain its powers over the ruled; finally, that law will wither away in the future communist society. However, according to Engels, state in the future will disappea...

Refugee situations do not last forever. Therefore, international protection provided to refugees fleeing persecution ceases with restoration of national protection through voluntary repatriation, local settlement, or resettlement. However, repatriation not only needs to be voluntary, it must be conducted orderly, in safety and with dignity. Among o...

Corruption in Nigeria is seen to stem from the abuse of administrative power of any kind, be it, judicial, political authority and financial dominance. Also, all corrupt acts are construed as lack of ethical norms from religio-moral perspective, and unjust in relation to the principles that safeguard rendering to everyone their due, thereby undermi...

With the current heated debates centered around the Afghan peace process, hurried along by the United States, which sent those involved in the Afghan War into a frenzy of activities and political posturing, it is hard to imagine true peace in Afghanistan after four decades of war. After 17 years of American entanglement in Afghanistan, the current...

Islamic law, within half a century of its birth, began to operate as international law. The Islamic empire came to be divided into many states extending from the Mediterranean up to the Far East with independent rulers usually called sultans. For the most part, they were all under the authority of a central caliphate or owed allegiance to it. It is...

In an attempt to explore the Roman notions of international law, this paper analyses the notions of jus gentium, commonly perceived as Roman International law, jus fetiale, and jus belli. It argues that although jus gentium resembles the modern private international law, it cannot be labeled as public international law. It claims that jus fetiale,...

The juridico-political logic of eliminating terrorism or to fight against insurgents has created a culture of impunity in neo-liberal democracies. The intensive militarization, authorized legal provisions, patterns of the impunity that exceed and operate beyond the domain of law. Neo-liberalism, nationalism and militarism in USA as well as in India...

This paper proposes a long term solution regarding the behavioral changes in Pakistan’s foreign policy. From a state sponsoring terrorism to an ally in war on religious terrorism and extremism, as well as a regional cooperator, it can certainly contribute in bringing peace and economic development for Pakistan-Afghanistan and collectively for South...

Right to privacy is a fundamental human right enjoyed by actual and legal persons. It helps in establishing their dignity. If compromised, privacy can result in exposure of data that was not supposed to come into public knowledge. This paper claims that Islam has always emphasized on the maintenance of privacy of data and declared the privacy of an...

Modern scholars generally initiate history of almost all of the social sciences related discourses with the ancient Greeks and the Romans and then jump to the modern era, thus other nations and civilizations are overlooked. The same happens with the international law discourse. Scholars of international law trace back the modern law of nations to t...

his research focuses on the central theme of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P); a newly coined international security and human rights principle that addresses the two layers of protection of human rights, i.e. national protection and in case of its failure, the international protection. R2P proclaims that in¬terests or an ideology should not be...