Kannan Subbaram

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Verified

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• Ph.D.
• Professor (Asst.) at Maldives National University

Context: In the healthcare system, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a productive tool. There are instances where AI has done marvels in the diagnosis of various health conditions and the interpretation of complex medical disorders. Although AI is far from human intelligence, it can be used as an effective tool to study the SARS-CoV-2 and...

ABSTRACT: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) are caused by closely related coronaviruses. SARS is due to the infection of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS is caused by MERS-CoV whereas COVID-19 is due to SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses are enveloped, spherical viruses with sin...

This article aims to highlight the current update on the ‘tomato flu’ outbreak in India. A few months back there was an outbreak of a new illness in some parts of India. The disease was very contagious and it manifested with a rash mainly noticed in children younger than nine years. The rash was very painful and blisters were the size of small toma...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many types of vaccines were introduced. After these vaccinations, fatal complications were reported in some countries. Our article has been published on this aspect in a Scopus journal. I am happy to say that two of our MD students from batch 3 were this article's first and second authors. The link is given below for y...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health issue and leads to a severe warning to clinicians, public healthcare specialists and health care system. There are a variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminths have acquired antimicrobial resistance. This article aims to bring the recent update on AMR in bacteria, its globa...

Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for the severe clinical condition known as type 2 necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome (TSS), which are linked to extremely high morbidity and death in both developed and developing countries. It can also be caused by Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes B and G strains. The bacteria rapidly spread i...

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a significant ocular condition characterized by the obstruction of the venous outflow from the retina. Its a common vascular disorder that can cause a number of visual impairments. Depending on the location and extent of the blockage, RVO can be classified into two types: central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and bra...

Monkeypox, now named mpox, has emerged as a significant public threat, as evidenced by the 2022 outbreak affecting over seventy countries globally. This infectious disease presents debilitating symptoms, including painful skin rashes, mucosal lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever. The situation intensifies with concerns about a novel transmissio...

Global Food Security Challenges: COVID-19, Climate Change, Conflict, Pandemics, Ukraine War Focus

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, also known as STSS, which is caused by group A Streptococcus [GAS]/Streptococcus pyogenes is increasingly reported in Japan. There have been about 801 cases of STSS this year alone and is rising tremendously compared with last year. In 2023, a record of 941 STSS cases were reported in Japan, which is comparativel...

Background: Recently, monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections have been reported from many parts of the world. Mpox can be transmitted through, contact with patients, fomites, sexual contact, infected animals, and during pregnancy. Complications of Mpox include encephalitis, pneumonia, and ocular infections. Rapid diagnosis is very important for identifi...

The presence of global threats such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could potentially affect the research landscape, particularly that of systematic reviews. The aim of this study was to examine disparities between countries and the role of funding availability in the publication of health-themed systematic reviews. Metadata of publ...

The World Health Organization stated that there is a strong possibility for another pandemic caused by a novel disease. This disease can be caused by an unidentified and new etiology. The World Health Organization named this disease as disease X. Scientists have commented that the disease X maybe 20 times more fatal than COVID-19. Apart from diseas...

SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is susceptible to mutations and emerged into many variants. This study aims to investigate a new variant called JN.1 with a remarkable number of mutations reported from many countries. All viral members of Coronaviridae are single-stranded RNA viruses. It is noteworthy that all variants possessed RNA tha...

The article explains about SARS-CoV-2 - new JN.1. variant and compares with other variants like Delta. It also discuss about viral genome and mutations.

SARS-CoV-2 are enveloped RNA viruses that belong to the family Coronaviridae of genus Beta coronavirus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The mutation rate is high among RNA viruses and in particular, coronavirus replication is error prone with an estimated mutation rate of 4x10 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. Different variants of...

The World Health Organization stated that there is a strong possibility for another pandemic caused by a novel disease. This disease can be caused by an unidentified and new etiology. The World Health Organization named this disease as disease X. Scientists have commented that the disease X may be 20 times fatal than COVID-19. Apart from disease X,...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer, and it is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths. This review is aimed to bring about the latest updates on genes associated, hereditary links, molecular pathogenesis, risk factors, biomarkers and diagnosis of CRC. Hereditary Non-Polyposis CRC (HNPCC) accounted for 5-10...

Background: Recently, monkeypox virus (Mpox) infections have been reported from many parts of the world. Mpox can be transmitted through, contact with patients, fomites, sexual contact, infected animals and during pregnancy. Complications of Mpox include encephalitis, pneumonia and ocular infections. Rapid diagnosis is very important for identifica...

I am writing this letter to the editor, to report on floods in Southern Brazil and the risk of increased disease occurrence, as the state of Rio Grande do Sul faces its worst natural catastrophe, and it is worth noting that this is the third major flood in less than one year, which could result in devastating consequences, not only for human, anima...

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is caused by the virus called, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV belongs to the viral family of Coronaviridae of the genus beta Coronavirus. The aim of this article is to bring the recent developments on the virology, clinical features, epidemiology and prevention of MERS-CoV....

Inadequate vitamin D levels are a worldwide health problem that threatens not just bone health but also other aspects of human wellness. Because Asian women are a distinct demographic shaped by culture, location, and personal decisions, this systematic review explores the nuanced connection between lifestyle variables and vitamin D insufficiency in...

Essential oils can be a beneficial adjuvant therapy in managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of essential oils in ameliorative COVID-19-related symptoms. Published studies reporting the efficacy of essential oils as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 were screened on Scillit, Scopus, SciFinder...

The provision of equitable healthcare on remote islands is critical in the fight to attain the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Many island countries, particularly the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), are confronted with numerous obstacles to accessing quality healthcare. Many SIDS are located in the Asia‐Pacific region, and they suffer...

Monkeypox (Mpox) is a transmissible infection induced by the Monkeypox virus (a double-stranded DNA virus), recognised under the family orthopoxvirus genus. Monkeypox, like endemic diseases, is a substantial concern worldwide; thus, comprehending the pathogenesis and mutagenesis of amino acids is indispensable to combat the infection. According to...

Background: The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)", caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence...

Recently, some Indian states reported an outbreak of a ‘mysterious illness’ involving more than a hundred children younger than nine years, with fever and skin lesions. These lesions were more prominent and manifested in the palms, soles, oral cavity, and other body parts. This was initially considered to be a new illness and was described as ‘toma...

Infectious threats to humans are continuously emerging. The 2022 worldwide monkeypox outbreak is the latest of these threats with the virus rapidly spreading to 106 countries by the end of September 2022. The burden of the ongoing monkeypox outbreak is manifested by 68,000 cumulative confirmed cases and 26 deaths. Although monkeypox is usually a se...

Objective: Recently monkeypox cases have been reported from many non-endemic countries. The objective of this article is to bring out the epidemiology, mode of transmission, clinical features, genetic clades, and molecular properties of monkeypox virus. Materials and methods: A detailed literature review was conducted on monkeypox, using databas...

This short report describes the carcinogenesis of the pancreas leading to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) determined by molecular, cellular, and functional heterogeneity. Among the diverse types of pancreatic cancers, PDAC is the most lethal, aggressive, and one of the leading cancers associated with the highest mortality. Pancreatic cellul...

This review was focused on global data analysis and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 from different countries, including Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Central Eastern Europe, Egypt, India, Iran, Pakistan, and South Asia, Africa, Turkey and UAE. Male showed higher confirmed and death cases compared to fem...

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes hyperglycemia. In COVID-19 patients the severity of the disease depends on myriad factors but diabetes mellitus is the most important comorbidity. The current review was conducted to investigate the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 and disease severity of COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and...

Recently a new variant of SARS-CoV-2 was reported from South Africa. World Health Organization (WHO) named this mutant as a variant of concern - Omicron (B.1.1.529) on 26th November 2021. This variant exhibited more than thirty amino acid mutations in the spike protein. This mutation rate is exceeding the other variants by approximately 5-11 times...

Correlation of enterotoxigenicity of Campylobacter species with Cholera toxin, E. coli enterotoxins and aerolysin - https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=17742&tip=sid&clean=0

SARS-CoV-2 are enveloped RNA viruses that belong to the family Coronaviridae of genus Beta coronavirus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The mutation rate is high among RNA viruses and in particular, coronavirus replication is error prone with an estimated mutation rate of 4x10-4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. Variants of SARS-Co...

Objective: Legionellae are free-living bacteria present in many types of water bodies. Legionella pneu-mophila can cause severe fatal pneumonia called Legionnaire's disease. These bacteria are commonly transmitted through air coolers. To examine the distribution and characterization of pathogenic Legio-nellae isolates from different water sources.-...

COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) during late 2019. It has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. COVID-19 bec...

Coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to severe acute respiratory syndrome– coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is posing a severe bio threat to the entire world. Nucleocapsids of SARSCoV-2 and the related viruses were studied for gene and amino acid sequence homologies. In this study, we established similarities and differences in nucleocaps...

Introduction: Medical robotics is a rapidly growing aspect of the modern health care landscape.The aim of this paper was to review the availability of robotic technology and laboratory automation in the control of SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and H1N1 (Swine Flu) viruses. Methods: A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted using the following...

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 created a bio threat situation throughout the world. This article features evolution and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. COVID-19 originated in Wuhan, China and resulted in severe morbidity and mortality. Features of SARS are similar to COVID-19. MERS exhibited a relatively milder dis...

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a warning that, although the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from Wuhan City (China), is not pandemic, it should be contained to prevent the global spread. The COVID-19 virus was known earlier as 2019-nCoV. As of 12 February 2020, WHO reported 45,171 cases and 1115 deaths related to COVID-19. COVID-1...

Background: Aeromonas are ubiquitous bacteria causing many clinical conditions including acute diarrhea. Diarrheagenic Aeromonas harbors aerolysin gene secreting virulent enterotoxin, aerolysin. Objectives: To develop a molecular and immunological based method for detection of Aeromonas. Methods: Diarrheal Aeromonas strains were identified from sto...

Proflavine, an acridine dye, is a known DNA intercalating agent. In the present study, we show that proflavine alone on photoillumination can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). These proflavine-derived ROS cause damage to proteins, and this effect is enhanced when the divalent metal ion Cu (II) is included in the reaction. Bathocuproine, a spe...

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a recently reported virus that is associated with severe, life threatening and rapidly spreading primarily respiratory illness called the Middle East respiratory syndrome. MERS-CoV possesses a unique positive-sense single-stranded RNA and can undergo rapid mutation in the viral genome. This...

Proflavine finds a wide array of applications in clinical, therapeutic, industrial and cutting edge research. This study investigates properties of proflavine and brings out its current status based on overall merits and demerits. Review was carried out starting from late 1800s to 2017 about all aspects of proflavine. We have accessed digital libra...

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, isolation, identification, characterization, antibiotic profile and pathogenicity of Legionellae isolated from various set of waters. Methods: A total of 400 water samples were collected from different water sources. Water samples were pretreated using acid treatment followed by concentration and culture on...

With increasing use of antimicrobial agents and advance in lifesaving medical practices which expose the patients for invasive procedures, are associated with the ever increasing of nosocomial infections. Despite an effort in hospital infection control measures, health care associated infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortal...

One of the major health problems among HIV sero-positive patients are superimposed infections due to the deficient immunity. Furthermore, intestinal parasitic (IP) infections, which are also one of the basic health problems in tropical regions, are common in these patients. Infection by opportunistic pathogens, including various forms of intestinal...

With increasing use of antimicrobial agents and advance in lifesaving medical practices which expose the patients for invasive procedures, are associated with the ever increasing of nosocomial infections. Despite an effort in hospital infection control measures, health care associated infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortali...

Presence of microorganisms in the circulating blood whether continuously or intermittently is a threat to every organ in the body. Approximately 200,000 cases of bacteraemia occur annually with mortality rates ranging from 20-50%. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these infections can make the difference between life and death. The aim o...

Microbiology of Aeromonas and its molecular biology of virulence genes

Diarrhea causing Aeromonas isolation, identification and characterization

Isolation of diarrhoea causing Aeromonas was carried out in the division of Active Surveillance, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata for a period of 12 months from January 1999 to December 1999. Out of 602 stool samples collected from patients with acute diarrhoea admitted in Infectious Diseases (ID) Hospital, Kolkat...

Detection of diarrheagenic Aeromonas specific aerolysin toxin (Aer) gene by PCR based assay and isolation, identification of diarrhea causing Aeromonas from faeces by culture methods were carried out in the Division of Active Surveillance, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, India for a period of 12 months. Out of 6...

Review article on pathogenic Aeromonas