Kanji Hori

• Hiroshima University

The physiological impacts of polysaccharides and lipids in seaweed on human health are becoming clearer, but the behavior of the protein components, especially lectins, after ingestion remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the resistance of edible red algae-derived lectins to digestive enzymes. We found that a lectin extracted from...

Marine algal lectins specific for high-mannose N-glycans have attracted attention because they strongly inhibit the entry of enveloped viruses, including influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, into host cells by binding to high-mannose-type N-glycans on viral surfaces. Here, we report a novel anti-influenza virus lectin (named HBL40), specific for compl...

Protein glycosylation is a crucial factor that must be evaluated in biological pharmaceuticals. The glycoform profile of a protein can vary depending on the conditions of the cultivation, purification process, and the selection of a host cell. Lectin microarrays are reliable bioanalytical methods used in the early phases of bioprocesses for the det...

We first investigated the interactions between several algae-derived lectins and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We created lectin columns using high-mannose (HM)-type glycan-specific lectins OAA and KAA-1 or core fucose-specific lectin hypninA-2 and conducted binding experiments with SARS-CoV-2. The results showed tha...

N-glycan-mediated activation of the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) under pathological conditions has been implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms induced by mutant calreticulin, which forms an endogenous receptor-agonist complex that traffics to the cell surface and constitutively activates the receptor. However, the molecular basis for this mech...

N-glycan-mediated activation of the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) under pathological conditions has been implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms induced by mutant calreticulin, which forms an endogenous receptor-agonist complex that traffics to the cell surface and constitutively activates the receptor. However, the molecular basis for this mech...

N-glycan-mediated activation of the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) under pathological conditions has been implicated in myeloproliferative neoplasms induced by mutant calreticulin, which forms an endogenous receptor-agonist complex that constitutively activates the receptor. However, the molecular basis for this mechanism remains unstudied because n...

High mannose (HM)-binding Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin homologue (OAAH) lectin family is an important class of anti-viral proteins. The OAAH family lectins show potent anti-influenza virus activity with EC50 of nanomolar levels by binding to HM glycans of the envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA), thereby inhibiting the viral entry into host...

Tumor cells secrete membrane vesicles of various sizes, termed extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have gained increasing attention as potential tumor diagnostic markers. Tumor-derived EVs are enriched with high-mannose-type glycans. Here, we report the affinity isolation of EVs from human melanoma A375 cells by using high-mannose-type glycan-speci...

We have isolated a novel lectin, named HRL40 from the green alga Halimeda renschii. In hemagglutination-inhibition test and oligosaccharide-binding experiment with 29 pyridylaminated oligosaccharides, HRL40 exhibited a strict binding specificity for high-mannose N-glycans having an exposed (α1-3) mannose residue in the D2 arm of branched mannosides...

The red algae, Eucheuma denticulatum and Kappaphycus striatum have been widely cultivated in Vietnam as a source of carrageenophytes for industry. In the past, biochemical properties of lectins isolated from these algae has been characterized and evaluated extensively. However, gene coding for such lectins isn’t studied yet. In this study, their fu...

We previously reported that a high-mannose binding lectin KAA-2 from the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii, which is an economically important species and widely cultivated as a source of carrageenans, had a potent anti-influenza virus activity. In this study, the full-length sequences of two KAA isoforms, KAA-1 and KAA-2, were elucidated by a combina...

We previously reported that a high-mannose binding lectin KAA-2 from the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii, which is an economically important species and widely cultivated as a source of carrageenans, had a potent anti-influenza virus activity. In this study, the full-length sequences of two KAA isoforms, KAA-1 and KAA-2, were elucidated by a combina...

The red alga (Kappaphycus striatum) has been widely cultivated as a source of carrageenophytes for industry. Previously, lectin KSA-2 from this alga has been isolated and evaluated for the strictly high-mannose N-glycan binding specificity. In this study, we have determined the antibacterial activities and cDNA cloning encoding lectin KSA-2. Comple...

Three isolectins from cultivated Eucheuma denticulatum were isolated. They were commonly monomeric proteins of about 28 kDa with a range of averaged molecular weights from 27,834 to 27,868 Da among the isolectins and shared almost the same 20 N-terminal amino acid sequences. Complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning based on the rapid amplification cDNA end...

Lectin sensitivity of the recent pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1-2009) was screened for 12 lectins with various carbohydrate specificity by a neutral red dye uptake assay with MDCK cells. Among them, a high mannose (HM)-binding anti-HIV lectin, ESA-2 from the red alga Eucheuma serra, showed the highest inhibition against infection with an EC50 of...

The centrifugal ultrafiltration-HPLC method is a simple and rapid method for analyzing the binding interaction between lectins and sugars (oligosaccharides). In this method, a lectin is mixed with a fluorescent-labeled oligosaccharide in buffer and the unbound oligosaccharide recovered by centrifugal ultrafiltration is isolated and quantified by hi...

An anticoagulant isolated from the marine green alga Codium pugniformis was composed mainly of glucose with minor amounts of arabinose and galactose. It was highly sulfated (326 μg mg-1 polysaccharide) and contained protein(52 μg mg-1 polysaccharide) and was thus a proteoglycan. The anticoagulant properties of the purified proteoglycan were compare...

A novel lectin (CBA) was isolated from the green alga, Codium barbatum, by conventional chromatographic methods. The hemagglutination-inhibition profile with sugars and glycoproteins indicated that CBA had preferential affinity for complex type N-glycans but not for monosaccharides, unlike the other known Codium lectins specific for N-acetylgalacto...

From a fresh sample (1kg) of cultivated red alga Kappaphycus striatum, three isolectins, KSA-1 (15.1mg), KSA-2 (58.0mg) and KSA-3 (6.9mg), were isolated by a combination of extraction with aqueous ethanol, ethanol precipitation, and ion exchange chromatography. Isolated KSAs were monomeric proteins of about 28kDa having identical 20N-terminal amino...

The complete amino acid sequence of a lectin from the green alga Boodlea coacta (BCA), which was determined by a combination of Edman degradation of its peptide fragments and cDNA cloning, revealed the following: 1) B. coacta used a noncanonical genetic code (where TAA and TAG codons encode glutamine rather than a translation termination), and 2) B...

The carbohydrate binding profile of the red algal lectin KAA-2 from Kappaphycus alvarezii was evaluated by a centrifugal ultrafiltration-HPLC method using pyridylaminated oligosaccharides. KAA-2 bound exclusively to high mannose type N-glycans, but not to other glycans such as complex type, hybrid type, or the pentasaccharide core of N-glycans. Thi...

The three color morphotypes of the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (brown, red and green) were cultured in Camranh Bay, Vietnam, using the fixed off-bottom monoline culture method to evaluate the growth rate, carrageenan yield, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, gel strength and lectin content. The brown morphotype was cultivated over a 12-month period; the red...

The red alga Kappaphycusalvarezii is economically important as an edible species and as a source of carrageenan, and has been extensively cultivated in many tropical countries. For this species, different color strains, which differ from each another in growth rate and carrageenan content, have been reported for decades. In this study, lectins from...

OAA, the potent anti-HIV protein from Oscillatoria agardhii NIES-204 belongs to a new lectin family, shows strict binding specificity for high-mannose N-glycans, and has an extremely high association constant in the picomolar range for recombinant gp120, an envelope protein of HIV. In this study we have cloned the gene encoding OAA from the genomic...

Small-sized isolectins (9 KDa) from Hypnea japonica belong to a new lectin family. Here, we describe the carbohydrate-binding properties of the three isolectins (hypninA1, A2, and A3) and the amino acid sequence of hypninA3 (P85888). In frontal affinity chromatography with about 100 pyridylaminated oligosaccharides, the isolectins, which had no aff...

We detected lectin-like compounds and lectin receptors in microalgae by hemagglutination, competitive inhibition with sugars, and reactivity with lectins isolated from other sources. Cell extracts from eight species of Dinophyceae and from one species each of Raphidophyceae and Bacillariophyceae exhibited hemagglutination toward trypsinized rabbit...

Extracts from 44 species of Vietnamese marine algae, including 15 Chlorophyta, 18 Rhodophyta and 11 Phaeophyta species, were examined for hemagglutination activity with a variety of different animal and human erythrocytes that were untreated or treated with enzymes. Almost all extracts showed activity toward at least one type of erythrocytes, altho...

We have elucidated the carbohydrate-binding profile of a non-monosaccharide-binding lectin named Eucheuma serra lectin (ESA)-2 from the red alga Eucheuma serra using a lectin-immobilized column and a centrifugal ultrafiltration-high performance liquid chromatography method with a variety of fluorescence-labeled oligosaccharides. In both methods, ES...

The primary structure of a lectin, designated Oscillatoria agardhii agglutinin (OAA), isolated from the freshwater cyanobacterium O. agardhii NIES-204 was determined by the combination of Edman degradation and electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry. OAA is a polypeptide (Mr 13,925) consisting of two tandem repeats. Interestingly, each repeat s...

This study examined the influence of a low level of dietary lectin (0.34%), at a dose that did not affect body weight or food intake, on the concentration of serum cholesterol and fecal excretion of neutral sterols in rats fed a diet containing 0.50% cholesterol and 0.13% sodium cholate for 12 d. In experiment 1, rats fed a diet with 0.34% lectin,...

An anticoagulant sulfated galactan isolated from the marine green alga, Codium cylindricum, was shown to have antiangiogeinic activity. This galactan suppressed microvessel formation in an ex vivo serum-free matrix culture model using rat aortic ring. It also inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) tube formation on reconstituted b...

An anticoagulant was isolated from a marine green alga, Codiumcylindricum. The anticoagulant was composed mainly of galactose with a small amount of glucose, and was highly sulfated (13.1% as SO3Na). The anticoagulant properties of the purified anticoagulant were compared with that of heparin by assays of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT...

As the first examples among marine algal hemagglutinins, the primary structures of two hemagglutinins, named hypnin A-1 and A-2, from the red alga Hypnea japonica, were determined by Edman degradation. Both hemagglutinins were single-chain polypeptides composed of 90 amino acid residues including four half-cystines, all of which were involved in tw...

As the first examples among marine algal hemagglutinins, the primary structures of two hemagglutinins, named hypnin A-1 and A-2, from the red alga Hypnea japonica, were determined by Edman degradation. Both hemagglutinins were single-chain polypeptides composed of 90 amino acid residues including four half-cystines, all of which were involved in tw...

In the survey of 14 species of laboratory-cultured cyanobacteria for hemagglutinins, we newly detected the activity in two species, Oscillatoria agardhii, strain NIES-204, and Phormidium foveolarum, strain NIES-503. From the extract of O. agardhii, which showed the highest activity with trypsin-treated erythrocytes of rabbit, a lectin was purified...

A fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated from a marine green alga, Codiumdivaricatum, and designated C. divaricatum protease (CDP). This protease effectively hydrolyzed fibrinogen Aα chain, while it had very low hydrolyzing efficiency for Bβ and γ chains. This property was similar to that of α-fibrinogenase isolated from snake venom. Protease activity pe...

A fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated from a marine green alga, Codium latum, and designated C. latum protease (CLP). It also had fibrinogenolytic activity, hydrolyzing A alpha, B beta and gamma chains with preference in this order. As CLP hydrolyzed oxidized insulin B chain at position Arg22-Gly23, and the peptide map of lysozyme digested with CLP wa...

We previously reported that the red alga Eucheuma serra contains large amounts of mitogenic isolectins (ESA-1 and ESA-2), the hemagglutinating activities of which were strongly inhibited by glycoproteins bearing high mannose-type N-glycans. We therefore further examined two other species, E. amakusaensis and E. cottonii. Several lectins were isolat...

Buffer extracts from five species of marine green algae (Codium sp.) were examined for fibrinolytic and protease activities using a fibrin plate method and chromogenic assay, respectively. Extracts of Codium fragile, C. divaricatum, C. pugniformis, and C. intricatum, contained both activities. From the extract of C. intricatum, which showed the hig...

Aqueous ethanolic extracts from five species of the genus Eucheuma (Rhodophyta) i.e. E. serra, E. amakusaensis, E. cottonii, E. gelatinae and E. denticulatum, were examined for hemagglutinating activity with vertebrate erythrocytes. All the extracts tested agglutinated trypsin-treated sheep and rabbit erythrocytes as well as untreated sheep erythro...

Lectins from four marine algal species were examined for interaction with human platelets. The lectin designated hypnin A, from the red alga Hypnea japonica, inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- or collagen-induced human platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Complete inhibition was observed at concentrations of 100 and 5 micrograms/ml...

The stem and leaf lectin of the legume, Dolichos biflorus, was found to be expressed in cell suspension cultures derived from calli from this plant. The lectin is present at levels equivalent to the amount of lectin in the plant and its expression is correlated with the exponential growth phase of the cells. In vitro translation of mRNA isolated fr...

To elucidate the roles of 5'-nucleotidase in freshness lowering of fish muscle, the effects of some muscle constituents and various substances on the activities of membrane-bound and cytosol 5'-nucleotidase isolated from the white muscle of black rockfish Sebastes inermis were examined. And the activities of both enzymes, nucleotide composition and...

A cytosol 5'-nucleotidase from black rockfish (Sebastes inermis) white muscle was purified to homogeneity using two steps of affinity chromatography on concanavalin A and 5'-AMP Sepharose columns. The isolated enzyme with an apparent molecular weight of 242 000 in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol had a single band on SDS-PAGE stained with silver. I...

A membrane-bound 5'-nucleotidase was purified from black rockfish Sebastes inermis white muscle to homogeneity using Triton X-100 for the solubilization and two steps of affinity chromatography on Con A and 5'-AMP Sepharose. The enzyme is a glycoprotein, and its active site contains a serine residue. The subunit and native molecular weights are 67...

Nine species of marine algae have been assessed for the presence of novel hemagglutinins not extractable with buffer, unless the algal tissue was pretreated with Pronase. All species examined contained hemagglutinins, indicating the existence of a novel group of hemagglutinins which differed from those reported previously in marine algae.

Lectins can be extracted more readily from marine algae if the plant material is freeze-dried or frozen in liquid nitrogen prior to homogenisation. The addition of detergents, such as Tween 80, to the extraction medium and diluents, enhances extraction and detection of the lectins. Marine algal lectins can be isolated by affinity chromatography usi...

A preliminary examination for the purification and characterization of 5'-nucleotidase of fish muscle was carried out and the following results were obtained. 1. The activities of 5'-nucleotidase in the muscles of marine vertebrates and invertebrates (total 11 species) were determined. The highest activity of 5'-nucleotidase was found in Blackrock...

A new agglutinin has been isolated from the red alga Gracilaria bursa-pastoris by affinity chromatography on a yeast mannan-Cellulofine column. This agglutinin was isolated as a monomeric glycoprotein with a relatively low molecular weight. It had an isoelectric point of 4.7 and contained large amounts of Gly, Asx and Glx. It agglutinated trypsin-t...

Twelve kinds of lectins isolated from four species of marine algae, Boodlea coacta (Chlorophyta) and Hypnea japonica, Carpopeltis flabellata and Solieria robusta (Rhodophyta), were compared for their chemical and biological properties. These lectins were proteins or glycoproteins, similar to terrestrial plant lectins. However, unlike most terrestri...

Chemical components of seaweeds—carbohydrates, proteins and low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds, minerals, lipids, vitamins, volatile compounds, and pigments—are reviewed in relation to potential food uses. The nutritive values of seaweeds are briefly discussed. Bioactive compounds found in seaweeds are also discussed for pharmaceutical uses...

Marine invertebrates consisting of 9 species of mollusks, 7 of crustaceans and 3 of echinoderms, were analyzed for ATP-related compounds, homarine, and trigonelline during ice storage. The determination was carried out by a newly improved HPLC system which made it possible to separate and micro-quantify the 9 authentic ATP-related compounds. The re...

-Three agglutinins have been isolated from the aqueous ethanolic extract of the marine red alga Solieria robusta by precipitation with cold ethanol, gel filtration and ion-exchange HPLC. These new proteins, designated solnins A, B and C, were monomeric glycoproteins with a similar Mr of 23 000 from gel filtration and 29 000 from SDS-electrophoresis...

We have screened marine algae for hemagglutinins using a variety of different animal and human erythrocytes which were untreated and treated with enzymes. This was carried out on the assumption that agglutinins may play a common physiological role in algal cells and may exist universally in all species of marine algae. We found that agglutinins wer...

In the previous paper (Fujisawa et al., 1982), we reported the occurrence of L-amino acid oxidase in the marine red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis Harvey. This finding prompted us to examine the distribution of such enzymes catalyzing the oxidative deamination of amino acids in marine algae. As a consequence, we found that the aqueous extracts of...

An agglutinin has been isolated from the marine red alga Carpopeltis flabellata by ammonium sulphate fractionation, affinity chromatography on a yeast mannan-Sepharose 4B column and gel permeation HPLC. This new protein, designated carnin, is a monomeric glycoprotein with a Mr of 25 000, and it contains large amounts of Gly and Asx. It strongly agg...

Tissues of various organs of the starfish Astropecten polyacanthus collected in the Hiroshima Prefecture from April 1985 to June 1986 were analyzed for lethal potency by the assay method for tetrodotoxin. The ovary showed the highest potency (47 to 1 450 MU g-1), followed by the digestive organs (-1) and the exoskeleton including spines and tube-fe...

Four electrophoretically homogeneous agglutinins have been isolated from the aqueous ethanolic extract of the marine red alga Hypnea japonica by precipitation with organic solvents, gel filtration, and reversed-phase and gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography. Since these agglutinins were found to be new peptides, they were designate...

Four agglutinins have been isolated from the extract of a marine green alga Boodlea coacta by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration and chromatofocusing. They were homogeneous in electrophoresis both in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Since these agglutinins were found to be new proteins, we named them boonins A, B...

We have previously surveyed marine algae for hemagglutinins and detected twenty active species. Here, for elucidating the properties of the algal agglutinins, we examined the agglutinins of seven active species for agglutinating activities toward other biological cells besides erythrocytes, sugar-binding specificities, and effect of heat, PH and di...

Extracts of the red alga Palmaria palmata were found to contain an agglutinin which reacted with rabbit and horse erythrocytes, and also proteolytic enzyme-treated human red blood cells. It selectively agglutinated mouse leukemia cells L5178Y but not L1210. The hemagglutinating activity was stable between pH 6 and pH 10, and was independent of diva...

The L-amino acid oxidase of the marine red alga Gymnogongrus flabelliformis was partially purified and studied. The enzyme was purified about 45-fold in a yield of 13% by means of acetone precipitation, gel filtration, and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. This enzyme had very limited specificity, catalyzing the oxidative deamination of basic L-...

The tropical Indo-Pacific moray eel Lycodontis nudivomer possesses a mucous skin secretion which shows hemolytic, toxic and hemagglutinating activities. The active components were extracted from the mucous secretion with 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The component(s) respon...

We surveyed the Japanese marine algae for hemagglutinins with rabbit erythrocytes. Algae used in this screening were 53 species; 6 species of green algae, 42 of red algae and 5 of brown algae. The results showed the presence of the active components with strong activities in 14 species; 4 species of the green algae, 9 of the red algae and 1 of the...

From the red alga, Ahnfeltia paradoxa, a new quaternary amine derivative of an empirical formula, C11H17NO4S, was isolated. The chemical structure of this compound was identified as candicine O-sulfate [p-(2-trimethylammoethyl) phenol O-sulfate] by chemical analysis, UV spectrum and synthesis. The occurrence of candicine O-sulfate was first demonst...