Kang-Ling Liao

In this paper, we provide a simple ODEs model with a generic nonlinear incidence rate function and incorporate two treatments, blocking the virus binding and inhibiting the virus replication to investigate the impact of calibration on model predictions for the SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics. We derive conditions of the infection eradication for the...

The core G protein-signaling module, namely Gα and extra-large Gα (XLG) subunits coupled with Gβγ dimer, is a master regulator of various stress responses. Here, two-species comparisons of basal and salt stress-induced transcriptomic, metabolomic and phenotypic profiles in Gα, Gβ and XLG-null mutants demonstrate that G protein mediates the shift of...

In plant cells, heterotrimeric G protein signaling mediates development, biotic/abiotic stress responsiveness, hormone signaling, and extracellular sugar sensing. The amount of sugar in plant cells fluctuates from nanomolar to high millimolar concentrations over time depending on changes in the light environment. Arabidopsis thaliana Regulator of G...

Somitogenesis is the process for the development of somites in vertebrate embryos. This process is timely regulated by synchronous oscillatory expression of the segmentation clock genes. Mathematical models expressed by delay equations or ODEs have been proposed to depict the kinetics of these genes in interacting cells. Through mathematical analys...

The key of Marotto's theorem on chaos for multi-dimensional maps is the existence of snapback repeller. For practical application of the theory, locating a computable repelling neighborhood of the repelling fixed point has thus become the key issue. For some multi-dimensional maps F, basic informa- tion of F is not sufficient to indicate the existe...

Comparison of the proportion of internalized AtRGS1 in wild type, wnk8/10, and wnk1 null mutants. (A), 2% glucose. Wildtype, black solid (C1 = 4×104 molecules) and dotted (C1 = 5×104 molecules); wnk8/10 mutant, blue solid (C1 = 4×104) and dotted (C1 = 5×104) curves represent the proportion of internalized AtRGS1 after 2% D-glucose treatment over 40...

Heat map of proportion of internalized AtRGS1 in wnk mutants under different AtRGS1 levels. This figure supports Fig 3. This figure shows the heat map of the proportion of internalized AtRGS1 in the wnk8/10 null mutant (A-C) and wnk1 null mutant (G-I), under water (top row), 2% (middle row), and 6% (bottom row) D-glucose treatment, when the AtRGS1...

Sustained AtRGS1 level (C1 in the model) under flg22 condition. This figure shows the change in AtRGS1 intensity after treatment with 100 mM flg22 treatment. Because the effect from flg22 occurs quickly (around 10 minutes), the image was taken at 1 minute and 30 minutes at the same location of the same seedlings. After 100 mM flg22 treatment, the m...

MATLAB code for pixel intensity measurement. This MATLAB code is used for the average pixel intensity of the images taken from light sheet fluorescence microscopy. The function find_avg_intensity(fileName) is used to calculate the average intensity of the image specified in fileName after removing the image background with the default intensity thr...

In animal cells, activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling generally occurs when the system’s cognate signal exceeds a threshold, whereas in plant cells, both the amount and the exposure time of at least one signal, D-glucose, are used toward activation. This unusual signaling property called Dose-Duration Reciprocity, first elucidated in th...

Background Chlorophyll content decreases in plants under stress conditions, therefore it is used commonly as an indicator of plant health. Arabidopsis thaliana offers a convenient and fast way to test physiological phenotypes of mutations and treatments. However, chlorophyll measurements with conventional solvent extraction are not applicable to Ar...

Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine from the Interleukin-12 cytokine family, has been considered as an anti-inflammatory cytokine which promotes tumor progression and tumor immune evasion. It has also been demonstrated that IL-35 is secreted by regulatory T cells. Recent mouse experiments have shown that IL-35 produced by cancer cells promotes tumor...

Interleukin-12 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which promotes Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activities, such as Interferon-[Formula: see text] secretion. For this reason Interleukin-12 could be a powerful therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. However, Interleukin-12 is also excessively toxic. Interleukin-27 is an immunoregulatory cytokine from th...

We consider a two-patch model for a single species with dispersal and time delay. For some explicit range of dispersal rates, we show that there exists a critical value τ c for the time delay τ such that the unique positive equilibrium of the system is locally asymptotically stable for τ∈[0,τ c ) and unstable for τ>τ c .

Somitogenesis is the process of the development of somites which are segmental structure in vertebrate embryos. This process depends on the expression of segmentation clock genes. In this investigation, we consider lattice systems which describe the kinetics of the chief segmentation clock genes in zebrafish under negative feedback regulation with...

Somitogenesis is a process for the development of somites which are transient, segmental structures that lie along the anterior–posterior axis of vertebrate embryos. The pattern of somites is governed by the segmentation clock and its timing is controlled by the clock genes which undergo synchronous oscillation over adjacent cells in the posterior...

Marotto extended Li–Yorkeʼs theorem on chaos from one-dimension to multi-dimension through introducing the notion of snapback repeller in 1978. Due to a technical flaw, he redefined snapback repeller in 2005 to validate this theorem. This presentation provides two methodologies to facilitate the application of Marottoʼs theorem. The first one is to...