Kampanart Silva

• Doctor of Philosophy (Nuclear Engineering and Management)
• Researcher at National Energy Technology Center

Risk evaluation is an important assessment tool of nuclear safety, and a common index of direct/indirect influences of severe accidents as a compound of risk is necessary then. In this research, various influences of severe accidents are converted to monetary value and integrated. The integrated influence is calculated in a unit of “cost per severe...

Based on the human reliability analysis (HRA) framework of the TRIGA research reactor, performance shaping factor (PSF) estimation is an important step when considering the effects of specific operating or working cultures in determining human error probabilities (HEPs). This study aims to suggest a method to develop specific PSFs for the HRA frame...

The Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) and the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) together developed the human reliability analysis (HRA) framework for the TRIGA research reactor based on the EMpirical data-Based crew Reliability Assessment and Cognitive Error analysis (EMBRACE) and TAsk COMplexity (TACOM) methods with the...

Due to the interest in SMR reactors in newcomer countries, the understanding of the risk of source term release and dose exposure of SMR technology is important scientific data for communicating between the government and people. This study aims to extend the application of release starting time classification of level 2 PSA in SMR technology to in...

In post-COVID-19, the world is going through an uncertain geo-political era with wars between Russia and Ukraine as well as Palestine and Israel, apart from different other conflicts (both internal and external) globally. WEF (2023) found that the critical risks in 2023 would be “energy supply crisis,” “rising inflation,” and “food supply crisis.”...

Energy resilience assessment is vital for identifying and addressing the risks and vulnerabilities of solar PV systems. This chapter provides an overview of resilience assessment of a 2.8 MW solar PV rooftop and solar PV carpark integrated systems located in the northwest coast of peninsular Malaysia. The resilience assessment methodology involves...

Growing severity of climate impacts created an awareness of necessity for climate actions of ASEAN member states. At the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties, national pledges, regional targets, and commitments were announced with an ambitious will to achieve carbon neutrality and net zero emission goals. National Energy Tec...

National energy plans play a significant role in responding to national energy needs and managing energy supply. Due to its geographical location, the Philippines encounters a series of unwelcome natural disasters and suffers from the climate crisis. A chapter on resilience of energy infrastructure is included in the Philippine Energy Plan 2020–204...

Located in fragile mountainous ecosystem, Bhutan is highly vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters. In addition, its economy is largely dependent on hydropower which is climate sensitive. This study aims to develop a framework for risk assessment of Bhutan’s power system and derive recommendations for resilience enhancement. The assessme...

The future of energy infrastructure goes towards a sustainable and resilient pathway. Sustainable energy infrastructure should be clean, affordable, and acceptable. The global commitment to tackle climate change requires clean energy sources which should maintain affordability to ensure access for the entire population. The technologies need to als...

Countries around the world are increasing the share of renewable energy in their energy mix to respond to the global call for sustainable development. Renewable energy infrastructure possesses different vulnerabilities from conventional fossil fuel power plants, and climate change is exacerbating the threats to the power system. Thailand developed...

Human reliability analysis (HRA) of nuclear research reactors often encounters a lack of human performance data, a challenge that is also faced by the TRIGA reactor of Thailand having no specific full method or human error database for HRA. To overcome this challenge, in 2023, HRA teams from the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and th...

Energy resilience has recently gained interest in both scientific and policy domains since it helps energy infrastructure withstand environmental impact and contributes to sustainable socio-economic development. Various definitions of energy resilience make it difficult for researchers to identify relevant research topics, research trends, and rela...

Among digital transformation, the TRIGA reactors highlighted the necessity to evaluate vulnerabilities and countermeasures of its I&C system against cyber threats because of its linkage to the reactor core. The objective of this study was to develop the cyber risk analysis framework for the TRIGA reactor using the graded approach based on the IAEA...

To achieve the long-term challenge of nuclear energy public acceptance in Thailand, nuclear safety research needed to be properly determined in both domestic and international directions, especially in the 2020s which was a period passing the Fukushima disaster over 10 years. Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) has studied nuclear safet...

Global radionuclide dispersion from Fukushima nuclear accident urged several countries to begin evaluating the radiation effects from neighboring countries. The representative data selection simulation is one of the evaluation methods providing practical results with reasonable computational resources. However, it is mostly used in the domestic rad...

At COP26, the world leaders agreed to make critical infrastructure resilient to enhance our communities’ climate adaptability. Climate adaptation investment is particularly large for projects in transportation sector, which necessitates the confirmation of the projects’ economic feasibility. Cost benefit analysis (CBA) is generally used for this pu...

Due to Thailand's nuclear energy public acceptance problem, the understanding of nuclear energy public perception was the key factor affecting to re-consideration of the nuclear energy program. Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology and its alliances together developed the classification model for the nuclear energy public perception from the big...

Calculating atmospheric dispersion in a hypothetical nuclear accident plays an essential role as a predictive tool in nuclear emergency planning. The Nuclear Accident Consequence Analysis Code (NACAC) has been developed as an in-house code by the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology to develop its capability for understanding the transboundary...

Electric vehicle (EV) is gaining interest in ASEAN Member States (AMSs). On the other hand, biofuel has been in the market long before the launch of EV. Suitable policy actions are necessary to balance both future targets to achieve carbon neutrality. Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) is generally used to perform this kind of analysis to obtain...

Transportation sector shares big portions of the overall energy use and the greenhouse gas emission in Thailand. Powered two-wheelers are among the major vehicle types in the country. The electric motorcycle entered the market as an alternative to a motorcycle with internal combustion engine (ICE). It has a large potential to contribute to energy e...

The IAEA’s model testing programmes have included a series of Working Groups concerned with modelling radioactive contamination in urban environments. These have included the Urban Working Group of Validation of Environmental Model Predictions (1988–1994), the Urban Remediation Working Group of Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS) (...

State-of-the-art dose assessment models were applied to estimate doses to the population in urban areas contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Assessment results were compared among five models, and comparisons of model predictions with actual measurements were also made. Assessments were performed using both probabilis...

The accident of Unit 4 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (F1NPP) was the main issue that raised nuclear experts concerned about the Spen Fuel Pool (SFP) accident. To support the accident management guideline of Thailand, this study aims to determine thermal-hydraulic conditions of the SFP accident and analyze fission product release beha...

Since the Paris Agreement in COP21, many countries around the world, including Ghana and Thailand, have established a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with first update recently in COP26. With Ghana’s ongoing effort at COP26 to change its baseline to 2019, this study established a detailed Ghana veh...

Solar energy is planned to undergo large-scale deployment along with Thailand’s transformation to a carbon neutral society in 2050. In the course of energy transformation planning, the issue of energy infrastructure adaptation to climate change has often been left out. This study aims to identify climate-related risks and countermeasures taken in s...

The pilot Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) of Thai Research Reactor-1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) was implemented to fulfill the new Thai Ministrial Regulation on Periodic Safety Review (PSR). The paper's objective is to conduct the level 1 PSA of TRR-1/M1 for internal events and human errors. Considering the graded approach, Hazard and Operabil...

To support the regional strategy development of ASEAN NPSR using scientific research, Modified ART Mod 2 has been used to assess the fission product release from RPVs and SFPs independently. However, the Fukushima Accident suggested the possibility of simultaneous release from RPV and SFP which indicated the necessity of re-evaluation of the maximu...

Previous nuclear power plant (NPP) severe accidents have raised great concern in Southeast Asia on the issue of transboundary atmospheric dispersion of an accidental release from an external NPP. This study presents the inter-comparison of atmospheric dispersion calculations performed by different calculation codes employing Lagrangian particle mod...

Fuel consumption (L/100 km) is one of the most important parameters for assessing fuel economy and energy efficiency in the road transport sector. However, the fuel consumption database for Thailand heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) is usually collected from road-side surveys, as whole trip summaries, e.g., total consumed fuel quantity, and measured drivi...

Recent studies on nuclear accident consequence assessments that can cover consequences to both people and the environment, cannot capture the change of consequences over time, and vice versa. This study aims to design a framework of nuclear accident consequence assessment that can cover major consequences to people and the environment, and capture...

Past nuclear accidents demonstrated that radioactive materials from an accident in a nuclear power station (NPS) can disperse to other countries or even across the globe. This means all countries need to be prepared to respond to a nuclear power emergency even if they have no nuclear power program. This study aims to propose a structured framework...

Due to high accuracy and user-friendliness of cyber technology, the use of digitalized nuclear instrumentation and control (I&C) devices have been continuously increasing in the past decades. Consequently, nuclear cybersecurity became an important issue due to possible occurrence of nuclear cyber-attack such as what happened in Natanz nuclear facil...

Understanding public perception on nuclear research reactor is necessary for the policy maker to adopt such technology in Thailand, especially the locals who live in the proposed location. The study compared perceptions between the locals living near the proposed nuclear research reactor location (within 5 km) and those living in the outer region (...

Modified ART Mod 2 was used to perform integrated evaluations of releases from the RPV and the SFP into the CV and was verified with MELCOR 2.1 results. Due to the similar deposition phenomena of Modified ART Mod 2 and MELCOR 2.1, there are non-significantly different results. Therefore, Modified ART Mod 2 are acceptable to calculate the release fr...

It is well-known that Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) has a significant contribution to fuel damage. Not only LOCA in the reactor cooling system but also LOCA in the spent fuel pool (SFP) need to be evaluated since it stores a lot of spent fuels which contain significant amount of radionuclide. In our previous studies, ART Mod 2 were modified and v...

Periodic Safety Review (PSR) of Thai Research Reactor-1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) is suggested by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). It includes Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA). Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) is usually used to identify Initiating Events (IEs) in PSA. Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis is known as one of the b...

Objective The objective of this study is to reconsider the scope of the PSA tasks for the TRR-1/M1 based on practice of nuclear power plants (NPP) and apply graded approach for the research reactor as recommended by the IAEA. Thai Research Reactor-1/Modification 1 (TRR-1/M1) Reactor type TRIGA Mark III Maximum power 1.3 MW Nominal operation power 1...

Evaluation of aerosol deposition in the containment vessel is an important step for the assessment of radioactive material release to the environment. ART Mod 2 is a calculation code that is used for evaluation of aerosol deposition in the containment vessel. The authors modified aerosol deposition models of ART Mod 2, namely, gravitational settlin...

From the Fukushima accident, Thailand has studied fission product behavior in containment vessel using ART Mod 2 code. Cesium iodide (CsI), cesium hydroxide (CsOH) and iodine (I 2) behaviors are studied using modified ART Mod 2 code. However, there are other compounds which are not included in the codes especially cesium and iodine compounds such a...

Though the fundamental safety objective of the IAEA is to protect both people and the environment from harmful radiation effects, probabilistic risk criteria for environmental protection has only been discussed recently after the occurrence of the Fukushima Accident. Preceding studies confirmed the appropriateness of using 100 TBq cesium-137 releas...

Thailand has studied assessment of volatile fission product behavior in containment vessel using ART Mod 2 since 2012. There are inconsistencies in calculated results of fission product behavior in ART Mod 2 because some phenomena are not modeled in the assessment. Therefore, this study aims to perform phenomena identification and ranking table (PI...

The Power Burst Facility (PBF) was designed to provide experimental data to determine the thresholds for failure during accident conditions. Thus, the PBF benchmark using severe accidental analysis codes is essential to designing reactor for current directions. This assessment verified and validated that the RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.4 code can be used t...

Containment vessel is one of the important safety barriers in a nuclear power plant. The study on radio-aerosol behavior in the containment vessel can support the development of accident management strategy, and is thus necessary to ensure nuclear safety. ART Mod 2 is a calculation code that is used to evaluate radionuclide transportation and depos...

Fission product behaviors of Cs, a major element released in a severe nuclear accident, still remain unclear. The question frequently addressed is whether Cs released will be in the form of Cs2MoO4 or CsOH. This is a challenging issue since it has been demonstrated that the reaction between Cs2MoO4 and water leading to CsOH production is thermodyna...

Consequence assessment of a hypothetical severe accident is one of the important elements of the risk assessment of a nuclear power plant. It is widely known that the meteorological conditions can significantly influence the outcomes of such assessment, since it determines the results of the calculation of the radionuclide environmental transport....

Evaluation of radioparticles deposition in the containment vessel is an important step for the assessment of release of radioactive material to the environment. The objective of this study is to modify the radionuclide deposition model in ART Mod 2 by benchmarking with the experimental data of Nuclear Safety Pilot Plant – 502 (NSPP-502) and Phébus...

Nuclear Accident Consequence Index (NACI) which can assess the overall consequences of a severe accident on people and the environment is developed based on findings from previous studies. It consists of three indices: radiation effect index, relocation index and decontamination index. Though the NACI can cover large range of consequences, its asse...

Correlation between the Nuclear Accident Consequence Index (NACI) and the amount of released cesium-137 is investigated in order to use the amount of released cesium-137 for the assessment of severe accident consequences. The correlation follows power function, and the exponent of the function can be used to explain the correlation.

The IAEA fundamental safety objective is to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Therefore, in order to prove the applicability of 100 TBq Cs-137 release into environment as a safety criterion at reactor design approval stage, the limitedness of the consequences of the release to both people and the environ...

The IAEA fundamental safety objective is to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Therefore, in order to prove the applicability of 100 TBq Cs-137 release into environment as a safety criterion at reactor design approval stage, the limitedness of the consequences of the release to both people and the environ...

The value of Buddha images in Thailand varies dramatically depending on authentication and provenance. In general, people use their individual skills to make the justification which frequently leads to obscurity, deception and illegal activities. Here, we propose two non-destructive techniques of neutron radiography (NR) and neutron activation auto...

For the neutron radiography facility renovation plan at Thai Research Reactor, mixed barite-concrete blocks of different compositions were tested for their photon and neutron radiation attenuation properties. 60Co and 137Cs isotopes were used as the gamma sources; 241Am-Be was used as the neutron source. For detection, a scintillation counter and a...

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) fundamental safety objective is to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Therefore, a severe accident consequence assessment has to be able to include all quantifiable consequences on people and the environment. Our previous studies on estimation of cost per seve...

Cost per severe accident, which can cover various kinds of consequences, namely health effects, economic, social and environmental impacts, has been used as an index for severe accident consequence assessment in the authors' previous studies. Decontamination of the contaminated area was concluded influential to the cost per severe accident, though...

In previous studies, the authors developed an index “cost per severe accident” to perform a severe accident consequence assessment that can cover various kinds of accident consequences, namely health effects, economic, social and environmental impacts. Though decontamination cost was identified as a major component, it was taken into account using...

Severe accident at nuclear power plants, including the Fukushima accident in March 2011, wreak various kinds of consequences, including health effects, economic, social and environmental impacts. The authors developed the scheme of the accident consequence assessment using “accident cost”, aiming for it to be an index that is as comprehensive as po...

The Fukushima Accident emphasizes the need to integrate the assessments of health effects, economic impacts, social impacts and environmental impacts, in order to perform a comprehensive consequence assessment of severe accidents in nuclear power plants. “Cost per severe accident” is introduced as an index for that purpose. The calculation methodol...