Kamel Gargouri

Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education - Tunisia | IRESA · Olive Institute

The Mediterranean region's agriculture is predicted to be severely impacted negatively by climate change. In the primary production region of southern Tunisia (34°43’N, 10°41’E) in olive orchard submitted to different treatments: Rain-fed, drip irrigation with saline water (FI) : EC = 7.5 dS/m at 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), alternate irr...

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) was used in ferti-irrigation due to its high water content, as well as its organic and mineral richness. However, this by-product also contains elevated levels of polyphenols, which may pose phytotoxic risks to soil microbiota and plants over time. To address this concern, we conducted a thorough examination of the phen...

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility sensu lato. Sustainable soil management aims to make the soil environment more hospitable increasing microorganism diversity and complexity by means of the minimal disturbance of soil and inputs of organic material. This results in the effective functioning of agricultural system...

Cette fiche technique est un livrable de la convention entre le Commissariat Régional de Développement Agricole de Sfax et l’Institut de l’Olivier dans le cadre du Projet De Développement Agricole Intégré De Sfax Hencha, Bir Ali Ben Khlifa Et Menzel Chaker financé par la Banque Islamique de Développement. Méthodes d'amélioration de l'état hydrique...

In olive-growing regions, climate change exacerbates challenges like high temperatures and water scarcity, necessitating a deeper understanding of its impact on olive trees behaviour to cope with drought. This study assesses the ecophysiological performance of 12-year-old olive trees ‘Chemlali Sfax’ (local) and ‘Koroneiki’ (Greek) and drought respo...

Cette fiche technique est un livrable de la convention entre le commissariat Régional de développement Agricole de Sfax et l'Institut de l'Olivier dans le cadre du projet de développement intégré de Sfax( Hencha, Bir Ali Ben Khlifa et Manzel Chaker) financé par la banque Islamique de développement (Financement N°:2 TUN-0141/0140/0139 )

Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are considered as a serious pollutant in Mediterranean countries due to their high level of toxicity and the huge quantities generated yearly. However, satisfying treatment to such a threat has yet to be proven and the evaporation ponds remain the most used technique and the ultimate path for OMW. The OMW phenolic compo...

Rich in water (88 to 95%), organic matter (6 to 14%) and mineral matter (1.5 to 4%), the olive mill wastewater or liquid effluent from the olive processing industry represents a certain fertilizer source. Four treatments (Control, 50, 100 and 200 m 3 ha-1 of OMWW) with an annual spreading of fresh OMWW, are applied to evaluate the effects of direct...

Déterminer des besoins en eau de la culture de l'olivier en utilisant les données propres de l'oliveraie en question.

وثيقة فنيّة

In this study we try to evaluate the accumulation of heavy metals, including Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr in the soil, the entry into plants, and the effect on the physiological and biochemical processes of olive tree. We try to study the contamination of the leaves, stem and roots of olive trees collected from 24 sampling sites throughout three roads in the...

This study aims to assess soil organic matter (SOM) humification and changes in molecular structures of humic acids (HAs) induced by long term management practices over soil profile under arid climate in southeastern Tunisia. Two experimental fields were studied: the first was cultivated with olive tree and tilled for long term (CT) while the secon...

In this work we highlight the contamination of three soils in the Sfax region by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the impact of this contamination in the germination and biochemical factors of two selected species Lycopersicum esculentum and Cucumis sativus . The use of contamination index showed a moderate soil contamination b...

The tillage application is one of the main sources of carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Agriculture has been forced to increase production to satisfy growing demand while reducing the harmful effects on the environment. For sustainable agriculture in olive groves, the farmer must optimize the application of cultivation practices and management...

Agricultural practices, particularly tillage and fertilization, have a significant impact on the carbon cycle. This work aims to investigate the effects of spreading organic amendment and tillage application on Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) storage in two treatments in olive orchards: Amended Treatment with Olive oil Mill Wastewater OMW and Unamended T...

free to download here: https://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/SIND7FXZNA7DJFGNRBHW/full?target=10.1080/00103624.2023.2274038 Few studies have assessed the changes in soil quality based on humic acids (HA) in relation to the fresh olive mill wastewater (OMW) application. Qualitative changes to soil organic matter (SOM) under the application of OMW in...

The distribution and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil and their impact on three selected species—Lycopersicum esculentum, Cicer arietinum, and Cucumis sativus—have been investigated in areas with high traffic pollution such as the city of Sfax, in the south of Tunisia. PAH were identified in 147 soil samples (0–10 cm)....

Management of irrigation in Olive orchards

In order to utilize arid lands, an olive varietal orchard was established in 2000 in the arid region of Boughrara (Sfax, Tunisia) under rainfed conditions. The orchard contained the local variety Chemlali Sfax and Greek one, Koroneiki at a density of 34 trees/ha (17 m x17m). The study looked at the production for six years (2008 to 2014) and evalua...

Soil organic matter (SOM) humification and changes in molecular structures of humic acids (HAs) induced by long term practices management over soil profile have been scarcely investigated in arid climates. This study aims to assess SOM humification, HAs molecular structures changes over soil profiles induced by long- term tillage practices under ar...

The study of three roadsoil contamination in the Sfax region by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed a significant variation between the three sites and proportional to the distance from the road. The variation between the physicochemical characteristics of three soils influenced the spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydroacarbons. Qua...

The main pedogenic feature in described soils was the accumulation of secondary calcium carbonate –visible from shallow depths. Except that all the soils were poorly developed (lack of diagnostic horizons) due to the influence of a hot and dry climate (Driessen et al., 2001). Nevertheless, the variable content of calcium carbonate as well as the di...

Ce guide est un livrable de la convention entre le Commissariat Régional de Développement Agricole de Sfax et l’Institut de l’Olivier dans le cadre du Projet De Développement Agricole Intégré De Sfax Hencha, Bir Ali Ben Khlifa Et Menzel Chaker financé par la Banque Islamique de Développement .

Détermination de la productivité de l’eau de l’olivier et présentation des résultats des expérimentations de terrain réalisées sur l'olivier à Kairouan, Jendouba et Fernana.

Détermination de l'évapotranspiration réelle de l'olivier par bilan hydrique au niveau de 3 sites d'étude: Kairouan, Jendouba et Fernana.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is the most important factor that affects soil quality. In arid areas, lack of SOM causes a major problem and farmers need to add organic amendments to restore the soil quality. Organic waste composting is an efficient and sustainable way to produce organic resource for soil amendment. The main objective of this study was...

The pivotal role of soil as a resource is not fully appreciated by the general public. Improving education in soil science represents a challenge in a world where soil resources are under serious threat. Today’s high school students, the world’s future landowners, agriculturalists, and decision makers, have the potential to change society’s apathy...

The increase water demand for irrigation is leading to the use of low-quality water resources. The combined impact of drought and salinity on olive production sustainability, yield quality, growth, soil salinity and soil water conditions in arid areas has been little investigated. This study’s purpose was conducted to investigate the effects of the...

This study aims to assess the effect of intensive tillage on the humification degree, variations in molecular structures of HAs and physic-chemical properties along soil profile of an arid soil in southeastern Tunisia. Methods: Soil profiles from fields tilled for 100 years were compared with profiles from zero-tillage soils. Soil samples were tak...

Soil organic carbon is an important determinant of soil quality. The dynamic of SOC is influenced by agriculture practices management especially tillage and organic amendments. The variation of SOC and soil properties under different farm management was evaluated under production systems and treatments applied.

Riche en eau (88 à 95 %), en matières organiques (6 à 14 %) et minérales (1,5 à 4 %), la margine ou effluent liquide de l'industrie de la transformation des olives représente une source fertilisante certaine. Son utilisation comme fertilisant liquide des terres agricoles apporte au sol, par mètre cube, entre 32,5 et 107 kg de matière organique et d...

In Mediterranean areas, high quantities of oil mill wastewater (OMW) are produced annually over a limited period (October to February). Spreading OMW on agricultural fields changes the soil’s biological, chemical, and physical properties. In fact, this operation is also intended for soil amendment. The purpose of this research is to assess the long...

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in the global C cycle, as well as in the maintenance and improvement of the soil quality. Over time, special attention has been paid to it in the study of the SOC reserves worldwide; however, reduced attention has been given to assessing the spatial patterns of SOC stock (SOCS) in semi-desert ecosys...

Improving soil organic carbon content is essential for sustainable crop production under changing climate conditions. Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) amount is low in arid areas due to lack of natural biomass in addition to farming management practices. These practices could affect soil organic carbon storage in soil. Therefore, soil organic carbon rese...

Assessment of spatial variations in the concentrations of potentially toxic metal Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Fe was carried out along three roads in Sfax region to identify possible changes in their levels. Concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer. The study found that for the samples collected along Gremda road the mean concentr...

The production of olive in several Mediterranean countries, including Tunisia, stands for a basic trait marking the agricultural field. However, this activity generated large quantities of by-wastes and residues during the process of olive oil extraction. However, solid (pomace) or liquid wastes (olive mill wastewater (OMW)) exhibit an adverse poll...

Enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) amount is important for sustainable crop production. Soil organic carbon depends on practices of soil management such as tillage. Much attention has been paid to the study of SOC stocks in several climates, although studies on arid soils such as Arenosol and Calcisol are still lacking. To identify efficient soil...

Current trends in the intensification of olive cultivation including irrigation have dictated a need to reconsider amendment management practices. The addition of organic wastes to agricultural soils is becoming a common practice as a disposal strategy and to improve the physical and chemical soil properties This study examines physiological va...

Current trends in the intensification of olive cultivation including irrigation have dictated a need to reconsider amendment management practices. The addition of organic wastes to agricultural soils is becoming a common practice as a disposal strategy and to improve the physical and chemical soil properties This study examines physiological variet...

Current trends in the intensification of olive cultivation including irrigation have dictated a need to reconsider amendment management practices. The addition of organic wastes to agricultural soils is becoming a common practice as a disposal strategy and to improve the physical and chemical soil properties This study examines physiological variet...

Landfill leachate (LFL) is a polluted effluent generated during the decomposition of organic wastes. Because it is rich in organic matter and nutrients, LFL can be used as an agricultural fertilizer, especially in arid and semiarid areas. In this context , the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LFL on the chemical properties of soil w...

Soil fertility in arid areas is poor due to the climatic conditions, weak natural biomass and inappropriate agricultural practices. Soil fertility can be determined by asses the chemical composition of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic matter (SOM) quantity in different systems of soil management. To identify efficient field management pra...

Soil salinization increase, aggravated by the foreseen low precipitation related to climate change, is a worldwide problem causing crop yield reductions, affecting population and environmental issues due to the salt-containing low-quality water. Enhancing the salt tolerance of plants, especially crops, is an interesting and effective solution to mi...

The changes of soil organic matter (SOM) humification induced by long-term combination of tillage and olive mill wastewater (OMW) application compared to natural and cultivated soil have been little investigated. This study aimed to compare effects of no cultivation with natural vegetation soil (NC), tillage (CT1) for 80 years and combination of ti...

Purpose The most important factor affecting soil quality is soil humic fraction. Effects of adding carbon in soil humic compounds in arid environments have only been slightly investigated. The change in soil humic acids’ structures in relation with manure and palm compost application and the evolution of humic acids’ structures during palm composti...

Lignin complexity molecule makes its biodegradation difficult during lignocellulosic wastes composting. So, the improvement of its biodegradation has usually been considered as an objective. This study aimed to determine the impact of Trametes trogii inoculation on organic matter and particularly on lignin and cellulose during green wastes co-compo...

Addition of organic amendments (OAs) could be a means to sequester carbon (C) in soils. However, the efficiency of C sequestration depends on how OAs evolve in the soil. A field study was installed in arid soil to which was added one of five OAs–olive husk-based compost (CM), palm leaf-based compost (CP), crushed olive pruning (GW), fresh olive mil...

The present research assessed soil contamination along the roadside in the central littoral region of Tunisia. Road Gremda (toward the northwest), road Manzel Chaker (toward the southwest) and road Tunis (toward the north) were chosen for this study. Fourteen stations located on different road sides were sampled. Soil samples were analyzed for Pb,...

The supply of exogenous organic matter to soil can be a solution that improves the stock of soil organic matter. Moreover, it may represent an adequate solution to minimize the amount of organic wastes. Organic amendments are often in order to increase the amount of humic compounds in soils. However, not all the organic amendments bring equally the...

The supply of exogenous organic matter to soil can be a solution that improves the stock of soil organic matter. Moreover, it may represent an adequate solution to minimize the amount of organic wastes. Organic amendments are often in order to increase the amount of humic compounds in soils. However, not all the organic amendments bring equally the...

The application of organic amendments is an important technique used to enhance carbon storage in soils, thereby reducing CO2 emissions and mitigating climate change. The role of the composition of organic amendment in CO2 emissions is not well understood, however. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of the biochemical composition of...

L’objectif de ce travail est de faire un diagnostic de la situation actuelle des oliveraies de la région de Sfax pour évaluer le bilan de la consommation énergétique de l’épandage mécanique des fertilisants et déterminer son impact en équivalant carbone.

L'objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer le bilan de la consommation énergétique du travail du sol et la détermination en équivalant carbone de son impact au niveau des oliveraies de la région de Sfax, Tunisie

The effects of salinity, on three olive tree cultivars (‘Picholine’, ‘Meski’ and ‘Ascolana’), growing under greenhouse conditions, were studied through the following parameters: vegetative growth, stomatal density and ion accumulation (Na+, K+, Ca2 +, and Cl−). Olive plants were subjected to three saline irrigation treatments: T0 (irrigated with ta...

The land spreading of olive mill wastewater (OMW) derived from olive oil production can represent a suitable option to enrich and maintain agriculture soils under south Mediterranean climates. Therefore, OMW spreading field may represent a low cost contribution to crop fertiliza-tion and soil amendment. The main objective of this study was to inves...

Long-term effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation technique using saline water (6.7 mS cm(-1)) on olive yield and olive oil composition were investigated. Three irrigation levels were considered: (i) full irrigation (control); (ii) PRD15 and PRD30 irrigated with 50% of water of the control applied on one side and switched every 15 and...

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is the main waste product of the olive oil industry and is characterized by high salinity and high organic matter content. Until today, in several olive oil-producing countries, untreated OMW is pumped into agricultural land with potential adverse effects on soil properties. The main objective of this study was to invest...

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The high organic content and the toxic nature of olive mill waste water compounds prevent its direct discharge into domestic wastewater treatment systems. Controlled land spreading of untreated olive mill waste water has been proposed as an alternative mean of disposal. A field study was conducted between 1995 and 2005 to assess the long term effec...

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) contains large amounts of organic substances, including phenols, that can have negative environmental consequences when applied to soil. Because of the high concentrations of organic matter and mineral nutrients, OMW holds promise as a fertilizer source for cropping systems. The effects of the addition of 0.5, 1, or 2% O...

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is one of complex wastewater generated by the olive oil extraction process. It is characterized by high values of COD, BOD and phytotoxic levels of polyphenols, but also by a high amount of organic compounds and plant mineral nutrients. Therefore, OMW field spreading may represent a low cost contribution to soil amendmen...

Eight kabuli chickpea genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.) Beja1, Amdoun1, Nayer, Kasseb, Bochra, FLP96-114C, FLP88-42C and Chetoui were germinated, in vitro culture, on Whatman n° 2 filter paper media at four osmotic water pressures: -0,33; -4, -6 and -8 bars as induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000). Osmotic water stress negatively affected germinat...

Soil organic carbon (SOC) variation was followed in an olive orchard covering 134 ha during six years. Spatial and temporal variation models were adapted and developed in order to detect heterogeneity of SOC spatial distribution and mineralization rate. These parameters allow adaptation of cultural practices, i.e. organic fertilization, to field re...

Threats of desertification have been projected for the Mediterranean basin under relatively minor warming and drying scenarios. This situation raises the need for mitigation strategies and adaptation of crop production. Crop vulnerability assessment is therefore needed. In Tunisia, olive culture is a major activity. In some cases, olive is the only...

Le Manuel D'irrigation de l'Olivier présente les outils nécessaires pour un bon pilotage de l'irrigation (période, technique, dose, fréquence...) mais également des résultats de recherches et des applications.

Boron (B) foliar treatments (300 mg L−1 as Solubor DF) were applied at two different dates in 2006 and 2007, prior to flowering and just after fruit set, on olive (Olea europaea L.) trees with no visual symptoms of B deficiency. Leaf B level increased after the first application as compared to control (−B). After July treatment, leaf B levels in −B...

Seedlings of Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia atlantica Desf. were cultured on hormone-free DKW medium supplemented with NaCl. The plants were subjected to low NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 80 mM for 45 days or to high salt concentrations (0, 131, and 158.5 mM for P. vera and 0, 131, and 240 mM for P. atlantica) for 25 days. Toxicity symptoms...

Changes caused by NaCl-induced salinity on several growth parameters and ions accumulation have been measured in five olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars (‘Chemlali’, ‘Chetoui’, ‘Koroneiki’, ‘Arbequina I18’, and ‘Arbosana I43’) growing in a greenhouse in nutrient solution pot experiment. One-year-old plants were transplanted to sand–perlite (1:1) cu...

One year old seedlings of 9 genotypes (mother trees) were separated in three classes: C1, C2 and C3. Classes were ranged decreasingly from the most to the least salt tolerant. Salt stress was induced by adding sodium chloride (NaCl) in the irrigation water. Three salt concentrations were tested (0, 100 and 200 mM). Growth parameters and mineral con...

Modeling of soil fertility spatial variation in an olive orchard Abstract The olive orchard used for this study is located on a toposequence in central Tunisia (Sfax). The orchard covers 134 Ha and belongs to Chaal farm. The GIS tool was used to overlay the different layers of information and to establish a model for decision support. 27 sampling...

The aim of this work was to study the effect of the irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) on the quality parameters of “Chemlali” olive oil through two crop seasons (2004/2005 and 2006/2007). The results showed that irrigation with TWW did not affect the examined oil quality indices (free acidity, specific ultraviolet absorbance K 232 and K 270...