Kamal Niaz

Louisiana State University | LSU · Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences

Genetic Diversity of Coronaviruses (Volume 1) provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic mutations and host interactions across three major coronaviruses: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. This volume explores the evolutionary history, mutations, and emerging variants of these viruses, with a focus on understanding how they adapt to differe...

Drug discovery (DD) has an unknown history since the origin of mankind with the process of the trial-and-error method. Modern-day DD primarily straddles three main periods, i.e., the nineteenth century, based on DD by chance by the medicinal chemists; the twentieth century, which spans the exploration and reporting of new drug structures; and final...

For decades, aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) containing per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used to combat flammable liquid fires. However, with increasing concerns about the human health risks associated with exposure to PFAS, there is a growing interest in developing fluorinefree foams (F3). Evaluating the safety of these alt...

Dopamine signaling has been associated with behaviors that are controlled through neuromodulation, including motivation, cognitive function, reward, and motor control. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that acts upon dopamine receptors to stimulate a chain of events that lead to neurotransmission-controlled effects in the body of an individual. Signal...

Streptococcus agalactiae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are emerging as major milk-borne pathogens. Additionally, resistance to antibiotics of pathogens is of concern. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and drug resistance of S. agalactiae and K. pneumoniae in mastitis milk samples and assessed the antimicrobial potential of sodium algina...

Phytonutrients (plant chemicals) called flavonoids may be detected in almost all fruits and vegetables. They are responsible for the brilliant colors of fruits and vegetables, together with carotenoids. Flavonoids, like other phytonutrients, are potent antioxidants with antiinflammatory and immune-enhancing characteristics. Polyphenols may diminish...

For the third time in the past few decades, the novel coronavirus has been named the most lethal ever, able to infect animals and humans all over the world. Healthcare policy uses advanced technology like artificial intelligence (AI), deep machine learning, and big data to combat and forecast emerging diseases. AI is increasingly being used to aid...

Vaccines and antiviral treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are progressing at an incredible rate. To protect further lives, the world is eager for treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral peptides (AVPs), also termed antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), have antiviral properties, although little is known. AVPs are a grou...

Fruit, vegetables, and green tea contain quercetin (a flavonoid). Some of the diet's most significant sources of quercetin are apples, onions, tomatoes, broccoli, and green tea. Antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti-viral effects have been studied of quercetin. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coron...

Phytochemicals are bioactive molecules found in plants that play vital roles in promoting health promotion and preventing illness. Since ancient times, humans have been using plant-based natural products as medicines against various ailments. Based on indigenous experience and traditions, the majority of current treatments are derived from plants....

Clove contains various biological compounds that make it a valuable food ingredient in terms of its nutritional value and its use as an internationally recognized herb. It is the primary source of phenolic molecules such as flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxyphenyl propionate, and eugenol. High concentrations of fiber, magnesium, potassium, c...

Background: Lactoferrin (Lf ) has been shown to have antiviral action against a variety of animal and human viruses, particularly deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological activities that lead to the influential role of Lf against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: An all-inclusive search o...

Triclosan (TCS) is present in toothpaste and other cosmetic products as an antibacterial and anti-fungal agent. This manuscript highlights that TCS is a potential oxidative stress-causing agent, anestrogenic, mutagenic, cancer-causing agent, and genotoxic agent present in cosmetic products.This study also summarizes the therapeutic approach to over...

Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreaks resulted in a cohort of preclinical studies that utilized various mice models for determining the pathogenesis of the infection, including the viral replication, spread, and mortality of the disease. Such studies have provided a framework upon which new investigations have...

Stem cells have long been a topic of interest around the globe. Now and then, stem cells are being studied for revealing their beneficial effects. Countries around the world are in a race in stem cell research. Stem cells possess some unique and considerable qualities that hardly any other cell to date has. The outbreak of novel coronavirus or coro...

The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has quickly become a daunting challenge to global health. The ultraviolet radiations (UVR) A wavebands fall in the region of 320-400 nm of the solar spectrum and comprise about 95% of overall ultraviolet (UVs) approaching the biosphere. The UVA is extensively used in phototherapy systems, as a disin...

Organic acids are specific groups of chemicals that contain COOH in their structures. They have properties of weakly acidic nature and dissolves completely into protons when present in aqueous solutions. In biological systems, organic acids are involved in various activities such as important intermediates in various metabolic cycles, antimicrobial...

Honey, a natural sweetener, is used worldwide for different purposes. Most importantly it is used for nutrition purposes and hence it is in use in almost every society of the world where the people consume honey as a raw food or can be used as sweetening agent in different kinds of food. Apart from its natural sweetening property, honey also posses...

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is the vital natural phenolic chemical composite present in a variety of plants which is also abundantly present in the honeybee hives as propolis. It is the combination of caffeic acid and phenethyl alcohol. There are many studies reported the pharmacological and physiological activities of CAPE in a variety of...

Fucoxanthin is recognized well all over the world due to its beneficial health effects. It is widely available in nature as a carotenoid and accounts for more than 10% of total carotenoids production in the world. Since, it disguises the green chlorophyll a and c therefore; it gives yellow to brown color to diatoms and seaweed (Brown macroalgae). T...

Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus (CoVs), the first patient was related to seafood in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, on 12th December 2019. A new type of coronavirus was found in the patient's sample having pneumonia-like signs and symptoms via unbiased high-throughput sequencing. This new coronavirus was found in the patient's epithelial...

The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has quickly become a daunting challenge to global health. The ultraviolet radiations (UVR) A wavebands fall in the region of 320-400 nm of the solar spectrum and comprise about 95% of overall ultraviolet (UVs) approaching the biosphere. The UVA is extensively used in phototherapy systems, as a disin...

Background: Solar ultraviolet radiation A (UVA, 320-400 nm) is a significant risk factor leading to various human skin conditions such as premature aging or photoaging. This condition is enhanced by UVA-mediated iron release from cellular iron proteins affecting huge populations across the globe. Purpose: Quercetin-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticle...

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a complex disease that causes illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory problems. It is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) that is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus belongs to coronavirus CoV family. It has a fast-spreadin...

Generally, fatty acids (FA) are classified into saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Different fatty acids of the same class may demonstrate beneficial or harmful effects, with implications on disease progression or prevention. The antiinflammatory effects have been shown by essent...

The ongoing outbreak of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has quickly become a daunting challenge to global health. The ultraviolet radiations (UVR) A wavebands fall in the region of 320-400 nm of the solar spectrum and comprise about 95% of overall ultraviolet (UVs) approaching the biosphere. The UVA is extensively used in phototherapy systems, as a disin...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin mostly found in food items including grains and coffee beans. It induces DNA single-strand breaks and has been considered to be carcinogenic. It is recognized as a serious threat to reproductive health both in males and females. OTA is highly nephrotoxic and carcinogenic, and its potency changes...

Liver is vital organ and also considered as the largest gland of human body; responsible for crucial physiological function in human body. However, liver is prone to various infections by the act of various foreign invading particles that starts with the inflammation of liver and further complications if not treated well. The hepatitis B virus (HBV...

Hepatitis C infection is a major cause of chronic liver diseases with the potential of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Till date, effective vaccine for HCV prevention is unavailable; however, several drugs are used for the treatment of infection. Initially, alpha interferon and ribavirin were mainly used but with the advent of directly acting antivir...

Liver is an accessory digestive gland found in vertebrates which performs various vital functions. This gland may develop tumors either malignant or non-malignant due to different factors. Several approaches are applied for their treatment among which natural products-based treatment is wide spreading one and is thought to be the one with least tox...

Omega-3 fatty acids decrease the lipid content of the liver and alleviate inflammation and fibrosis. DHA (omega-3 fatty acid) attenuates the expression of proteins that promote fibrosis. In preclinical studies, DHA has inhibited TGFβ signaling in the liver, but this activity may be indirect and involve the control of other factors by DHA such as ci...

The significant rise in burden of age-related chronic degenerative disorders is increasing the need for products that support active and healthy aging. Today’s sedentary lifestyle enhances the propensity to aging related diseases and premature death. Accumulating data establishes a beneficial relationship between food and health. The modern consume...

Final Published Version

COVID19 is posing threat cosmopolitically encompassing more than 200 countries and making threat to entire population globally as pandemic. The cats, dogs and bovine are at threat which are close partner to human population. The veterinarians specially practicing are at risk when they encounter the sick animals. This study focus to the Pakistani ve...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating and irreversible cognitive impairment and the most common type of dementia. Along with progressive cognitive impairment, dysfunction of the circadian rhythms also plays a pivotal role in the progression of AD. A mutual relationship among circadian rhythms, sleep, and AD has been well-recommended. The etiopa...

Browning of food is a major concern in the food industry. The endogenous polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are responsible for causing enzymatic browning of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. The use of sulfites has been replaced by anti-browning agents due to the consumer awareness about potential adverse events and increased regulatory scrutiny associated...

Food additives have been used since primordial times. They are the most important to impart artificial flavors and improve the quality of food and drinks. The earliest record in the history of adding additives to food dates back to Ancient Egyptian papyri circa 1500 BC. Food additives are added to food during preparation, processing manufacturing,...

Antimicrobial agents have been the target of numerous research studies for a long period of history and they still attract great research interest namely in what regards to the discovery of newer molecules or the search for newer sources of natural antimicrobials. Antimicrobial agents include drugs, supplements, and ointments which particularly act...

Natural products are the chemical compounds or substances produced naturally by a living organism via synthetic process and/or semisynthetic that are present in the nature (includes small molecules and complex structure such as urea and Taxol, respectively). Phytochemicals are originated from Greek word “Phyto” means “Plant” and are basically chemi...

Carbohydrates are a family of compounds formed of monosaccharides building blocks, ranging from the simple sugars such as mono- and disaccharides to the more complex and longer polysaccharides molecules. They are found in a wide variety of foods, like cereals (rice, wheat), potatoes, fruits and some vegetables, sugarcane, milk, among others. Carboh...

Proteins are a group of large and complex molecules that serve numerous roles in the body, ranging from structural to regulation functions. As bioactive peptides, they constitute a significant portion of plants and other food sources and are of great interest to human population for their health benefits. They also possess a tremendous industrial p...

This chapter intends to summarize the chemistry, biological activities, methods of identification and quantification, possible interactions, and industrial and pharmaceutical applications of plant lipids. Plant lipids are naturally occurring functional and structural components, which serve as permeable barrier to external environment of cells. The...

Quinonoids (quinones) represent a major group of organic compounds with great health importance and are widely distributed. Quinones have been found in different tissues which have significant biological activities and are present in natural and synthetic sources. As active ingredients, quinones have been prescribed as purgatives or drugs which hav...

Phenolic compounds exhibit a wide variety of biological effects because of their antioxidant properties. Phenolic compounds have widespread occurrence in nature and are consumed by humans through diet consisting of fruits and vegetables. The gradually increasing interest in phenolic acids profile is directly proportional to their antioxidant activi...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the prominent diseases in elderly people which leads to language impairment, disorientation, memory loss, and eventually death. Despite the severity of the disease, there is no such drug reported to control, reduce, or stop the progression of AD. The neuroimages played a crucial role in tracking the progression of...

The uses of antiviral agents are increasing in the new era along with the development of vaccines for the effective control of viral diseases. The main aims of antiviral agents are to minimize harm to the host system and eradicate deadly viral diseases. However, the replications of viruses in host system represent a massive therapeutic challenge th...

Phytonutrients are natural bioactive compounds obtained from plants that perform specific biological activities and modify different physiological functions to improve general human health. The utilization of phytonutrients has become widespread to treat deficiency syndromes and to reduce disease risk, dedicating special attention to numerous biolo...

Aging plays a significant role in the progression of vascular diseases and vascular dysfunction. Activation of the ADP-ribosylation factor 6 and small GTPases by inflammatory signals may cause vascular permeability and endothelial leakage. Pro-inflammatory molecules have a significant effect on smooth muscle cells (SMC). The migration and prolifera...

According to UN report of the world aging, older people are those 60 years of age and over, though others defined those over 85 as “oldest old.” Aging is a complex and gradual process which involves degeneration of cells mainly due to cellular redox reactions that result in detrimental biochemical and genetic alterations. Studies have related the r...

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-019-00047-5

Background & aim: Concurrent estimates on the magnitude and evidence on the determinants of complementary feeding (CF) practices in Ethiopia are currently disparate. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the magnitude and determinants of CF among children age 6-23 months in Ethiopia. Methods: Studies from various databases pub...

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.055

Vegetables and fruits own a range of phytonutrients in addition to their minerals, vitamins and dietary fibers. Studies on phytonutrients have demonstrated that almost all of them have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities along with immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hormone regulation, signal transduction and nerve conduction effe...

Methylmercury (MeHg) is an extremely important environmental toxicant posing serious health risks to human health and a big source of environmental pollutant. Numerous evidence available showing a link between nervous system toxicity and MeHg exposure. Other forms of mercury are reason of metabolic toxic effects and alteration of DNA in the human b...

Quercetin belongs to the flavonoids family, which is present in most of the plants including fruits, vegetables, green tea and even in red wine having antioxidant activities. It is available as a food supplement in the market and has physiological health effects. Quercetin has anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-prostate activities along with it...

The current rate of population growth is so fast that, to feed this massive population, a 2-fold increase in land is required for the production of quality food. Improved dietary products such as milk and its products with antioxidant properties and functional foods of animal origin have been utilized to prevent chronic diseases. The designer milk...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the types of yeast extensively found in naturally occurring ecosystems, but it is mainly cultivated for use in the food and wine industries. Live S. cerevisiae cultures have been identified as potentially conferring health advantages on the host when administered in adequate quantities. S. cerevisiae has long been...

Despite advances in sepsis management, it remains a major concern in the intensive care unit (ICU). From new prospective, positive effects of metformin, such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are considered a possibility in septic patients. This article reviewed the potential ameliorative effects of metformin in sepsis-induced organ...

Echinacea is one of the best-selling herbal preparations in many developed countries. Nowadays, the immunomodulatory effects of Echinacea are a prime concern for research, mainly linked to upper respiratory tract infections. Recent findings have also revealed that certain standardized preparations of Echinacea contain potent and selective antiviral...

Scutellaria baicalensis, also known as Chinese skullcap, is a member of the Lamiaceae and a prominent herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been widely used as a medicinal plant in China for decades. Its traditional use has been for microbial infections, inflammation, diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, hemorrhaging, insomnia, cholesterol man...

l-cysteine is a proteingenic amino acid, which contributes toward a multitude of functions in biological systems. Cysteine is classified as a semiessential amino acid and can be synthesized in the liver from methionine, which is a sulfur-containing amino acid. This makes the abundance of methionine a critical factor to human health. As a building b...

Red yeast rice (RYR) also known as Monascus purpureus has been used in China and neighboring Asian countries as food and medicine. RYR is widely known for its antihyperlipidemic effect via inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and thus the catalytic conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is a precursor of choleste...

Lycium barbarum enhances the efficacy of the cardiovascular system, joint and muscle function, gastrointestinal tract regularity, and neurological/psychological traits. L. barbarum fruit has been shown to stimulate metabolism. Also, experiments conducted on rats showed a significant increase in the maximum combined capacity of cardiac muscle β-rece...

Lamium album belongs to a flowering family of plants known as Lamiaceae, which inhabits Europe and Asia. L. album also known as white dead-nettle expresses a wide range of therapeutic interventions, which are assigned to various biologically active substances, such as iridoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, isoscutellarein derivatives, terpene, and e...

Objective(s) During type-1 diabetes treating by pancreatic islet transplantation, increasing oxidative stress and microbial contaminations are the main reasons of transplantation failure. In this study, we evaluated anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of phenolic compounds called ellagic acid (EA) and silybin on rat pancreatic...

This is with reference to the note of the Editor-in-Chief of the Archives of Toxicology.