Kamal Dua

• PhD (Pharmaceutical Sciences)
• International Medical University

Objectives: Allergic reactions are classified into two categories: Early-phase response (EPR) and late-phase response (LPR). EPRs demonstrate a rapid onset of symptoms resulting from histamine release by mast cells (MCs). The introduction of compound 48/80 (C48/80) to rats induces an EPR by facilitating the release of MC contents. Research suggests...

Ultrasound-based drug delivery is a transformative approach that enhances the efficacy and precision of therapeutic agents. It improves the delivery of drugs through diverse mechanisms including cavitations, acoustic streaming, sonoporation, and thermal effects. This method enables targeted delivery, reduces side effects, and offers versatile, noni...

The localized dermal and transdermal delivery of therapeutics for managing diverse skin diseases (acne, psoriasis, skin cancer), ocular diseases, etc., is challenging. The anatomical features and presence of barriers are key hurdles in efficiently delivering drugs. Iontophoresis has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing the permeability of dr...

Corosolic acid (CA) is a triterpenoid derivative having pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional applications. CA’s molecular formula is C30H48O4 and its molecular weight is 472.70. Almost all fruits belonging to Musaceae, Ericaceae, and Myrtaceae families contain CA. This exploratory review delves deeply into the molecular mechanisms, clinical sa...

Silicosis, a form of lung fibrosis (LF), remains a major global health concern because there are few effective ways to diagnose or treat it. Due to their potential function as diagnostic markers and modulators of cancer, exosomal miRNAs are notably featured in more recent advancements. Such exosomal miRNAs offer an invasive approach to diagnosing a...

Nickel (Ni) belongs to the transition metals group and is distinguished by its silvery-white sheen, excellent ductility, and resistance to corrosion. Ni is widely employed in a variety of industrial applications, including alloy fabrication (such as stainless steel), electroplating, battery manufacturing, and catalysts. It has long been known that...

The chemical molecule formaldehyde (FA) is widely utilized in both industrial and domestic items. Because of its possible carcinogenic effects, especially regarding lung cancer, it has received a lot of attention. Exposure to FA at work has been linked to an elevated risk of lung cancer, according to epidemiological research. This risk is highest i...

Increasingly, environmental toxicants, chemical, biological, and physical, threaten ecosystems and human health. Sources of these toxicants are those progressing naturally and anthropogenically, such as industrial emissions, agricultural practices, and urbanization. Their impact is exacerbated by their persistence and ability to bioaccumulate, most...

The surge of electronic cigarette use in Australia, especially amongst the younger population, raises significant concerns about its impact on respiratory health. This review focuses on the detrimental effects of vaping on pulmonary function, delving into oxidative stress, ventilation–perfusion mismatching, as well as cellular damage. Our findings...

Caspase-independent cell death (CICD) has recently become a very important mechanism in lung cancer, in particular, to overcome a critical failure in apoptotic cell death that is common to disease progression and treatment failures. The pathways involved in CICD span from necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy-mediated c...

Opioid addiction is a condition of the central nervous system that occurs as a result of using opiate-based substances, which can be either natural or synthetic chemicals. These have effects identical to those of morphine and work by interacting with opioid receptors such as morphine, heroin, opium, buprenorphine, and Oxycontin. Dopamine has been s...

Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape, introducing new strategies to fight various types of cancer. This review examines the important role of vaccines in cancer therapy, focusing on recent advancements such as dendritic cell vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and viral vector-based approaches. The relationship between cancer and the i...

Despite being widely used, the therapeutic outcomes of Berberine (BBR)have remained suboptimal due to its poor aqueous solubility, absorption, rapid metabolism, and limited targeting. This results in pitiable bioavailability, which in turn demands frequent administration. The employment of a nanomaterials-based framework embedded with BBR could les...

This book comprehensively reviews the intricate relationship between environmental toxicants and the gut microbiome. It explores the role of dietary choices and lifestyle in shaping and modulating the gut microbiome’s response to environmental toxicants. It examines the intricate relationship between these toxic substances and the composition, func...

The persistent exposure to various chemical compounds found in the environment encountered by humans in their day-to-day endeavors can have detrimental effects on human health, thus posing a worldwide concern. Phthalates (PAEs) are chemicals extensively utilized across various industrial sectors, such as plastics, food packaging, playthings, and me...

In the original publication [...]

RNA interference through small interfering RNA (siRNA) has shown great promise as a potential cancer treatment strategy in recent years. However, the delivery of siRNA to target cancer cells efficiently remains a significant challenge. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in nanotechnology-enabled siRNA delivery for cancer treatment, b...

Inflammatory lung diseases (ILDs) such as asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COVID-19, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer impose a substantial worldwide healthcare impact. The pathophysiology of these disorders is primarily influenced by the involvement of neutrophils, which are crucial...

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to pose a considerable health challenge with few therapeutic alternatives. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCN) are nanostructured drug delivery systems made of lipid-based amphiphilic materials that self-assemble into crystalline phases in aqueous environments. LCN have become a promisi...

Gastrointestinal cancers, a major global cause of cancer‐related mortality and disease burden, are a heterogeneous group of malignant aliments involving different organs of the digestive system. The late clinical diagnosis, genomic tumor heterogeneity, high complexity of the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment, along with increasing treatment r...

Cellular senescence and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling are crucial in pulmonary aging and age-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. HIF plays a pivotal role in cellular adaptation to hypoxia, regulating processes like angiogenesis, metabolism, and inflammation. M...

Ischemia, also known as ischemia, relates to the reduced blood movement to a cells, muscle group, or organ in the body, culminating in an insufficient amount of oxygen required for cellular metabolism and the maintenance of tissue viability. There are different types of stroke (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage), an...

Tumor cells exploit abnormal redox homeostasis and the pro‐tumorigenic effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to enhance their survival and progression. However, excessively high levels of ROS can exceed the oxidative stress threshold of tumor cells, inducing cell death. This can occur by selectively elevating the concentration of H2O2 in tumor ce...

Acne is a skin disease that impacts 9.4% of the world's population. Available treatments for managing acne include retinoid‐like drugs, antibiotics, corticosteroids, photo, and radiotherapy. Howevere, the aforementioned treatments have certain limitations such as possibility of developing skin cancer from tetracycline, doxycycline, and corticostero...

Acne vulgaris is the 8th most commonly prevailing skin disorder worldwide. Its pervasiveness has been predominant in juveniles, especially males, during adolescence and in females during adulthood. The lifestyle and nutrition adopted have been significantly reported to impact the occurrence and frequency of acne. It typically occurs over the region...

A range of heterocyclic compounds, including Isatin (oneH-indole-2, 3-dione) and its by-products, have been shown to represent potential unit blocks in the synthesis of potential medicinal agents. Numerous studies have been carried out on isatin, its synthesis, biological uses, and its chemical composition since when it was discovered. Functionally...

Caffeine consumption is regarded as a widespread phenomenon, and its usage has continued to increase. In addition, the growing usage of antidepressants worldwide and increase in mental health disorders were shown in recent statistical analyses conducted by the World Health Organisation. The coadministration of caffeine and antidepressants remains a...

As a promising candidate for tackling drug-resistant cancers, triptolide, a diterpenoid derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, has been developed. This review summarizes potential antitumor activities, including the suppression of RNA polymerase II, the suppression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), and the blockade...

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly ten million deaths in 2020, or nearly one in six deaths. Head and Neck, breast, liver, pancreatic, gastro-esophageal, bladder, lung, colorectal, blood, and prostate cancers are the most common cancers. Cancer occurs when cells of the body starts multiplying in uncontrollable manner...

Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become essential contributors to advancing and treating lung cancers (LCs). The development of liquid biopsies that utilize exosomal ncRNAs (exo-ncRNAs) offers an encouraging method for diagnosing, predicting, and treating LC. This thorough overview examines the dual function of exo-ncRNAs as both indicators f...

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a type of degenerative disorder that affects the brain. There are various herbal drugs that have been tested for their effectiveness in treating AD, and chrysin is one of them. Chrysin is a polyphenolic flavonoid that has several neuroprotective effects, including reducing the levels of AChE enzyme, accumulate...

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the impairment of cognitive development and disruption of neurocognitive function. This neuropathological condition is marked by neurodegeneration, loss of neural tissue, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and Aβ plaques. Various studies reported the util...

Background Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) poses a substantial global health burden, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of a chrysin‐loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) drug delivery system in AD management. Employing the high‐pressure homogenization method, chrysin‐loaded NLCs were...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a global health concern with an increasing rate of prevalence and its impact on the patient’s quality of life. Conventional treatment strategies aimed for managing blood glucose levels are associated with certain limitations, including poor solubility, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. These challenges show the importa...

The evolution of genetic exploration tools, from laborious methods like radiationinduced mutations to the transformative CRISPR-Cas9 system, has fundamentally reshaped genetic research and gene editing capabilities. This journey, initiated by foundational techniques such as ZFNs and TALENs and culminating in the groundbreaking work of Doudna and Ch...

The growing emphasis on sustainability in product development has catalyzed a significant market shift towards safer and environmentally conscious personal care products (PCPs). Consumers increasingly seek eco-friendly attributes, reflecting a reinforced awareness of the ecological and health impacts of their choices. Traditional ingredients in PCP...

Nanoemulsions are colloidal dispersion systems utilized to enhance the solubility of water-insoluble drugs. This study aimed to develop nystatin-loaded nanoemulsion through a high-pressure homogenization and subsequently analyze the effects of various process variables (oil concentration, Smix ratio surfactant and co-surfactant, and homogenization...

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, has emerged as a crucial process in diverse pathophysiological states, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative ailments, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The glutathione (GSH)-dependent lipid peroxidation pathway, chiefly governed by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), assumes an essential part in driving fe...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally, with non‐small cell lung cancer accounting for the majority (85%) of cases. Standard treatments including chemotherapy and radiotherapy present multiple adverse effects. Medicinal plants, used for centuries, are traditionally processed by methods such as boiling and oral ingestion, However,...

Lung cancer (LC) continues to pose the highest mortality and exhibits a common prevalence among all types of cancer. The genetic interaction between human eukaryotes and microbial cells plays a vital role in orchestrating every physiological activity of the host. The dynamic crosstalk between gut and lung microbiomes and the gut–lung axis communica...

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the chief causes of infertility in women of reproductive age. Several drugs belonging to the oral contraceptive class have been approved for the treatment of PCOS. Nonetheless, the capability to target only a few symptoms of PCOS and fatal side effects are key hurdles to their use. Therefore, repurposing...

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a notable consequence of diabetes mellitus, distinguished by cardiac dysfunction that occurs separately from coronary artery disease or hypertension. A recent study has revealed an intricate interaction of pathogenic processes that contribute to DCM. Important aspects involve the dysregulation of glucose metabolism,...

Alzheimer’s disease is an ailment that is linked with the degeneration of the brain cells, and this illness is the main cause of dementia. Metabolic stress affects the activity of the brain in AD via FOXO signaling. The occurrence of AD will significantly surge as the world’s population ages, along with lifestyle changes perceived in current decade...

Nanocarriers like nanoemulsions and nanoemulgels have emerged as revolutionary platforms in the realm of topical drug delivery, addressing many limitations of traditional dosage forms. Conventional methods often struggle with challenges such as poor skin penetration, inconsistent drug targeting, and potential local toxicity, which can undermine the...

Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is manifested by a gradual loss of physical, cognitive, and mental abilities. As the disease advances, age has a major impact on the pathogenic signature of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein aggregation. This review aims to explore the intricate relationship between aging, mHT...

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as significant challenge in realm of neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by gradual decline in cognitive function and memory loss. It has already expanded its prevalence to 55 million people worldwide and is expected to rise significantly. Unfortunately, there exists a limited therapeutic o...

The selective semipermeable cerebral microvasculature, popularly known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from circulating xenobiotics, microorganisms, and other toxins. BBB, however, forms a formidable barrier to the entry of drug molecules into the brain despite their systemic availability. This, in turn, necessitates the use of...

Pulmonary infections have a profound influence on global mortality rates. Medicinal plants offer a promising approach to address this challenge, providing nontoxic alternatives with higher levels of public acceptance and compliance, particularly in regions where access to conventional medications or diagnostic resources may be limited. Understandin...

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) represents a pressing global health issue, leading to heightened morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, the escalation of DR-TB cases underscores the urgent need for enhanced prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This review delves deep into the molecular and genetic origins of di...

Mentha aquatica L., or water mint, is an important member of the Mentha genus, and has long been used in traditional medicine, mainly to treat respiratory diseases such as the common cold. Nevertheless, although over the years many studies have shown that it's potential grows beyond this use, a review that highlights M. aquatica L.'s true potential...

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading global concern for women, with 30% being HER2-positive cases linked to poorer outcomes. Targeted therapies like trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and T-DM1 have revolutionized HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment. Although these therapies have improved MBC management and patie...

Patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) involve transplanting patient cells or tissues into immunodeficient mice, offering superior disease models compared with cell line xenografts and genetically engineered mice. In contrast to traditional cell‐line xenografts and genetically engineered mice, PDX models harbor the molecular and biologic features from th...

Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifaceted syndromes with confounding neurological explanations. It includes anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette’s syndrome, delirium, dementia, vascular cognitive impairment, and apathy etc. Globally, these disorders occupy 15% of all dise...

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the vital constituent of the tumor microenvironment, and in communication with other cells, they contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Fibroblasts are the proposed origin of CAFs, which are mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of immune cells akin to wound healing. Although va...

The worldwide community has shown a strong tendency to not only rewire cultural heritage art but introduce sustainable ayurvedic and healing products into every aspect of life also. Due to their benefits for human health and the environment, herbal-based natural colorants are becoming more and more popular throughout various industries, including f...

Inhalation of particulate matter (PM), one of the many components of air pollution, is associated with the development and exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is one of the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity, with a paucity of therapeutic options and a significant co...

Lung cancer is one of the most diagnosed types of cancer worldwide, accounting to one fifth of cancer-related deaths. The high prevalence of lung cancer (LC) is due to various factors such as environmental pollution or lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most diagnosed type of lung cancer. Despite...