Kailash Chandra Samal

Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology | OUAT

Improving crops that are better adapted to abiotic and biotic stresses is gaining importance for sustainable food production in the present era of rapid climate change. The present investigation was carried out to optimize genetic transformation method in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Lalat) employing Agrobacterium strains GV3107 harbouring binary vect...

The study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity on the basis of molecular characterization among 48 traditional aromatic rice varieties of India. It is very important for germplasm management, varietal identification, and DNA fingerprinting. Twenty four ISSR markers were studied across 48 traditional aromatic rice to characterize and discr...

The present investigation was carried to investigate alkaloid profiling of a woody perennial medicinal plant 'sarpagandha' (Rauwolfia serpentina L.) propagated through conventional method as well as in vitro condition. The crude alkaloid fraction was estimated highest in roots of in vitro grown plants (487 mg g-1 dry wt) followed by roots of conven...

Efficient in vitro regeneration of black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) var. Sarala was achieved through organogenesis using cotyledonary explants excised from 4 days old seedlings on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP. Organogenic calli were developed from cotyledonary tissues within 4–6 weeks of culture on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l...

https://arccjournals.com/blog/exploring-marker-trait-associations-for-resistance-to-cercospora-leaf-spot-in-mung-bean

Deeply rooted in indigenous peoples’ culture and traditions, millets (also called ‘nutricereals’ are ancestral crops high in nutritional value. As the global agrifood systems face challenges to feed an ever-growing global population, resilient cereals like millets provide an affordable and nutritious option and help guarantee food security. This b...

Adulteration of Indian spices is a critical issue with profound health, economic, and cultural implications. This practice involves the addition of inferior or harmful substances to spices, compromising their purity and safety. Common adulterants include artificial colors, toxic chemicals, and non-food substances, which pose significant health risk...

For the purpose of phenotyping and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker-based genetic fingerprinting for mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) resistance, twenty-eight landraces of mungbeans were chosen. Six gene-specific polymorphism markers were employed in the genotyping process. The software programs TASSEL 5.0 and GenAlE × 6.51b2 were used to car...

The lack of disease-resistant and high-yielding cultivars is the primarily responsible for reducing the production efficiency in mungbean. The powdery mildew disease (Erisyphe polygoni) is one of the most devastating diseases in pulses. It affects photosynthetic activity and causes physiological changes in leaf structure, thereby reducing the yield...

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) production is the primary focus of this study, which explores the diversity of rice genotypes concerning their ability to withstand anaerobic germination conditions. Using advanced statistical analysis, a total of 250 rice cultivars were assessed for several anaerobic germination attributes. Significant variability was obse...

Host plant resistance is a crucial factor in mitigating the damages caused by Maruca vitrata, the most devastating pest of vegetable cowpea, commonly known as the legume pod borer. Understanding the biophysical and biochemical aspects of resistance is essential for developing methods to breed insect pest resistance in germplasm. To identify genotyp...

Plant pathogens or phytopathogens have a major role in creating problems or damage to different types of plants like cereal crops. Phytopathogens are like fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses etc. Mostly microbes cause severe damage to the crop plants, for food materials, shelter, completing their life cycle or as hosts. About 10% to 40% of crops ar...

In the ever-evolving landscape of agriculture, the challenges posed by abiotic and biotic stress factors on crops have become more pronounced than ever. This book, “Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Crops: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies,” is a culmination of collaborative efforts from esteemed researchers and scholars dedicated to unrave...

Mustard oil holds a distinguished status among oils, favored for its diverse applications. Renowned for its delightful taste and health-enhancing properties, it remains a staple choice, despite the abundance of alternative edible oils. Abundant in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, mustard oil serves as a boon for heart health by lowering ba...

Grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) has gained increasing attention as a potential nutrient-rich crop with numerous health benefits. The present study was carried out, during the summer (kharif) season of 2019 and 2020 at College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha to evaluate morpho-quant...

Grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) has gained increasing attention as a potential nutrient-rich crop with numerous health benefits. The present study was carried out, during the summer (kharif) season of 2019 and 2020 at College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha to evaluate morpho-quant...

The CRISPR/Cas9 system represents a state-of-the-art technology for precise genome editing in plants. In this study, we performed in silico and evolutionary analyses, as well as designed guide RNA (gRNA) constructs for the precise modification of the thermosensitive genic male sterile (OsTMS5) gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice (Oryza sativa...

Background: CLS causes severe yield loss in mung bean. To sustain mung bean health, it is vital to include alleles that may be useful in resisting CLS. Therefore, in the present study, 90 mung bean genotypes were included for assessing genetic diversity using 66 SSR markers for CLS resistance. Methods: The mung bean crop was regularly monitored for...

Microbial antagonists and organic products were exploited in the present investigation both in vitro and in vivo conditions to formulate an effective and eco-friendly management strategy for the suppression of root rot disease of sesame. Native Trichoderma asperellum isolate (Ta) from healthy sesame rhizosphere and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) foun...

Crop yields must drastically increase to meet the demands of a rapidly increasing global population. One current option being investigated is the augmentation of photosynthetic capacity by incorporating the C4 photosynthetic pathway into C3 crops such as rice to significantly increase production. Crops with improved photosynthetic mechanisms would...

Establishment of an efficient in vitro protocol via somatic embryogenesis is an essential prerequisite in harnessing the advantage of cell and tissue culture for genetic improvement in aromatic indica rice. Besides, the present investigation was undertaken to develop an efficient in vitro mutagenesis system with early callus induction and rapid pla...

Mung bean production is significantly lowered by the biotic stress caused by Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) in various parts of the globe. A panel population of 90 genotypes was created for the purpose of association mapping to identify the candidate gene(s)/QTL. Classification of the population was accomplished using GenAlEx 6.51b2, TASSEL 5.0 and STR...

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) has a substantial negative impact on mung bean productivity, and It is crucial to include alleles that might be helpful in combating CLS. Therefore, 90 mung bean genotypes, including four check varieties, and 66 polymorphic SSR markers were used in the present study in order to evaluate the morpho-genetic traits followed...

High grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a cumulative contribution of different morphological and physiological traits. However, the selection of high-yielding genotypes based on physiological traits is difficult where a large set of genotypes is used. Therefore, a study was carried out during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2019 and 2020 at researc...

Aims: A field study was conducted to quantify the effect of moisture deficit stress at different critical stages of quinoa and different mitigation approaches were adopted in order to alleviate moisture deficit stress. Study Design: The experiment was designed in split plot design comprising of six main plots (water management) and four sub plots (...

Aims: A field study was conducted to quantify the effect of moisture deficit stress at different critical stages of quinoa and different mitigation approaches were adopted in order to alleviate moisture deficit stress. Study Design: The experiment was designed in a split-plot design comprising six main plots (water management) and four subplots (st...

The CRISPR/Cas9 system represents a state-of-the-art technology for precise genome editing in plants. In this study, we performed in silico and evolutionary analyses, as well as designed guide RNA constructs for the precise modification of the thermosensitive genic male sterile ( OsTMS5 ) gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)...

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) has a substantial negative impact on mung bean production across the world. It is crucial to identify and incorporate alleles that might be helpful in combating CLS in order to maintain mung bean health, and productivity. Therefore, 90 mung bean genotypes, including four check varieties, and 66 poly-morphic SSR markers we...

Mung bean production is significantly lowered by the biotic stress caused by Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) in various parts of the globe. The most effective way to increase mung beans’ resilience towards this stress is to map the gene(s)/QTL that regulate it and then transfer that gene(s)/QTL to high-yielding mung bean cultivars. A panel population of...

Genome editing is rapidly advancing and has the potential to become the dominant technology for managing abiotic stress such as drought, salinity, extreme heat and cold, and heavy metal contamination in soils, as well as biotic stress such as insects, bacteria, virus, fungus, and nematodes, all of which have a significant impact on crop production....

Several chemical substances are necessary for the growth and development of agricultural crop plants. Stress signals regulate an intricate network of transporters and metabolic activities in plants. Ca2+, nucleic acids, sugars and polyphosphoinositides, NO, ABA, jasmonic acids, salicylic acids, and polyamines are all examples of signal transduction...

As the research is progressing toward sustainable yield increment with minimal environmental impact, the breeding of New Generation Rice (NGR) has emerged as a promising strategy that is based on the ideotype concept. We performed a study to find out the influence of a few key morpho-physiological and yield-related traits on grain yield in NGR and...

Background Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of the major biotic stress in rice cultivation. Management techniques, such as the development of BLB-resistant cultivars, are required to lessen the severity of the disease attack and yield losses. Pratikshya was selected in the present investigation as the recipient parent, as it is one of the popular...

Arsenic is a systemic toxicant having significant implications in public health as human carcinogen. Contamination of soil with alarming concentrations of arsenic occurs mostly due to a heavy dependency syndrome on the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides containing residues of arsenic and irrigating crops using groundwater concentrated with...

Background: The experiment was carried out to examine the impact of different concentrations of exogenously applied of epi-brassinolide (e-BL) and zinc (Zn) on the physio-biochemical processes of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) under subjected water-deficit stress environment. Methods: A polyhouse experiment was performed using completely randomized...

Exotic Fruits in India: Production, Nutritional Benefi ts and Medicinal Properties

The first edition is an attempt to provide a true "Millets and Other Potential Crops: Ensuring Climate Resilience and Nutritional Security" text that is up-to-date, readable, and challenging. The major goal is to promote the sustainable cultivation of millets, also under adverse and changing climatic conditions and improving their quality, highligh...

The soil-borne polyphagous pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina is highly damaging and has expanded its range and diversity. Ten sesame root rot pathogenic M. phaseolina isolates were collected from various parts of Odisha, India and subjected to molecular analysis and phenotypic characterization. In molecular assays, 27 bands representing 71.9% polymo...

Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam) is the largest tree fruit in the world, bearing big and heavy fruits. It is an important indigenous packed with protein and lots of fiber, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants with many therapeutic values. The fruit contains Vitamin A & C, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, folic acid, maleic acid, choline, sugar,...

Rice grains are the major source of nutrition for more than half of the world's population. With increased frequencies of cyclones in the last decade during grain maturation stage of rice crop, most of the rice cultivars in lowland ecologies are getting affected by pre harvest sprouting due to flash flooding and incessant rains. Significant economi...

A person was infected with Chondrostereum purpureum, which led to flu-like symptoms. However, it results in silver leaf disease in the flora, most often in rose species. It is transmitted by spores in the air. It is so called because it often results in death and eventually turns leaves silver. But, doctors in India have revealed what they believe...

In cereals, pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) or vivipary is a key physiological and agronomic trait that causes huge economic loss. PHS triggered by typhoons, cyclones, and high relative humidity at the late seed maturation stage is becoming a major threat to rice production in India. To explore the mechanism of PHS in rice, we evaluated 96 rice genotyp...

Mung bean production is significantly lowered by the biotic stress caused by Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) in various parts of the globe. The most effective way to increase mung beans' resilience towards this stress is to map the gene(s)/QTL that regulate it and then transfer that gene(s)/QTL to high-yielding mung bean cultivars. A panel population of...

In the generation of frequent climatic conditions, the international agricultural scenario is going through numerous and remarkable demanding situations. To obtain food security, nano-engineering and nanotechnology are a practical biotechnological application on agriculture for increasing the productivity of food crop plants, particularly cereals....

In this poster, attempts were made to elucidate the optimal use of rice residues in summer rice on morphological, physiological, and yield-attributing parameters. Managing the residue properly can also solve the environmental issues arising from the traditional farmers' practice of open burning the straw in situ. Biochar derived from pyrolytic comb...

Rice is the most essential source of calories for humans among the cereals and over half of the world's population is fed on rice. As part of a complete food systems approach, biofortification is an effective technique for nutrition enrichment which refers to the development of micronutrient-rich diet by utilising traditional breeding practises and...

In the present study, 90 mung bean genotypes were included for marker-trait association studies for CLS disease resistance using 66 SSR markers. CLS screening of genotypes were carried out using a 1-5 rating scale in natural field conditions during pre-rabi 2018 and prerabi 2019 and in controlled greenhouse condition during pre-rabi 2019. Total gen...

So far, three instances of the Omicron BF.7 strain responsible for the recent rash of Covid infections in China have been found in India. Earlier in October, the first instance of the highly contagious strain with increased transmissibility was discovered in Gujarat. Currently, Omicron BF.7 cases in India are total 3, with 2 occurring in Gujarat an...

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a profitable commercial crop that spans over 33 million hectares in 77 countries and is a vital source of natural fibre globally. It is extensively grown in India and supports over 60 million Indians, including 6 million farmers, the majority of whom are small and marginal farmers. The current study used a randomised bloc...

The Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Bacillus spp. promotes plant growth directly or indirectly. The aim of this study was to isolate the Bacillus species from rice rhizosphere and characterize by biochemical methods. A total of 10 effective Bacillus spp. were identified using both classical and biochemical identification kit met...

The present investigation was carried out at Department of Vegetable Science, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2019-2021. Five to six months old stored spine gourd seeds were exposed to various physical (T1: control, T2: 48 hours soaking in water, T3: hot water treatment for 20 minutes + 48 hourssoaking in water, T4: scarification by sand paper + 48 hours...

The experiment was conducted at Department of Vegetable Science, OUAT, Bhubaneswar from 2019-2021. Stored spine gourd seeds of six months old were used in this experiment. The seeds were first given various physical treatments (T1: control, T2: 48 hours soaking in water, T3: hot water treatment for 20 minutes + 48 hours soaking in water, T4: scarif...

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) or 'Flax' is among the first domesticated crops of the old world. Its antiquity and utility have been well acknowledged by literary and archaeological evidence supplemented by a long history of use as food, medicine, and textile fibre. The name linseed came from the practice of making fine linen cloth from the plant...

Aim: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a leguminous crop with high rich of protein and susceptible to cold stress. In silico characterization of ICE1, a cold tolerant transcriptional factor in Vigna radiata and transcriptional regulatory network with other species of Vigna and with special refrence to legume crops. Methodology: Genomic sequences of Vi...

Morphological and Molecular Evaluation of Urdbean {Vigna mungo (L.) hepper} resistance to powdery mildew

The world’s population, which is growing at an alarming rate is expected to reach 8.1 billion by 2025, is facing serious challenges as a result of factors like population expansion, global warming, the depletion of natural resources like land and water, as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. Also as per United Nations ‘World Population Prospects’...

The total phenol content of four common paddy cultivars of Odisha namely Abhisek (R), Manik (MR), Bas-12 (S) and Lalat (HS) were studied under pot culture condition in the net house following CRD design under different treatments using biofertilizer Azospirillum. brasilense alone or in combinations against rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne gramin...

Prior to commercial production, it is necessary to assess the biosafety of the novel recombinant proteins added to Bt-Brinjal (Bacillus thuringiensis) with regard to their probable allergenicity. In the Bt-brinjal plant, the cry1Ac, cry1Ab, and cry1Fa1 genes produce toxic proteins that are highly lethal to insects, particularly lepidopteron insects...

Rice shows considerable variability toward salinity stress at the seedling and reproductive stages. Though ion exclusion (IE) is one of the most important tolerance strategies, some good ion-excluders do not necessarily show an expected level of tolerance at the reproductive stage. Here, we aimed to identify what could be the additional factors tha...

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease is one of the major diseases of rice, which can cause detrimental effect to the yield. To overcome this issue development of resistant varieties by utilizing resistant gene pool is the most effective strategy for the plant breeders. The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the potential of 182 rice ge...

Maize is a significant food grain grown globally for consumption by people, animal feed and biofuels. Unfortunately, regular incidences of stress factors like abiotic and biotic stress have been noticed as a result of water scarcity and change in the climatic condition. This has been a persistent danger in boosting global maize production and yield...

Tomato plants continuously confront a host of biotic stressors in the field that harm their life cycle. Due to various stressors, a tightly controlled and highly dynamic regulatory network may be used to reprogram the transcriptome, where transcription factors might serve as activators or repressors. Proteins that are responsible for the essential...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops that is cultivated in South East Asia. This crop is afected by a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, each of which is contributing to a change in its physiology, biochemistry, and genetic makeup. Ozone is produced in the troposphere as a result of reactions between abioti...

A critical assessment of 32 maize hybrids with two replications for excessive soil moisture stress (ESM) was carried out during Kharif 2019-20. The plants were exposed to waterlogging stress for 12 days at the flowering stage by maintaining a water level of 3-5 cm. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variatio...

Mung bean productivity is very sensitive to CLS disease, which needs to be addressed by developing resistance genotypes. During the pre rabi seasons of the year 2018 and 2019, a total of ninety different mung bean germplasm accessions were tested in the field condition to determine their level of resistance to the leaf spot disease caused by the fu...

Twenty-nine Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] genotypes, including four check varieties ‘Prasad,’ ‘Ujala,’ ‘PU-31’ and ‘OBG-31’ were evaluated in the experimental farm of Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India, for two seasons to assess these genotypes against powdery mildew disease incidence and to estimate the ext...

In this experiment, natural alteration of the sesame rhizosphere was done by combining organic products such as neem cake, farmyard manure, and two microbial antagonists and testing their efficacy against root rot disease, which affects sesame plant growth and yield. All the treatments showed a significant reduction in plant mortality and disease p...

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is a deadly biotic stress caused by the fungus Cercospora canescens, making mung bean cultivation difficult worldwide. The progress made in creating CLS-resistant mung bean varieties is encouraging. However, as the pathogen rapidly evolves, it is critical to understand the pathogen dynamics and develop effective screening...

Field efficacy of some novel insecticides was evaluated against chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood). Acetamiprid 20SP, spinosad 45SC, fenpyroximate 5EC, emamectin benzoate 5SG, fipronil 80WG, spiromesifen 22.9SC, diafenthiuron 50WP, acephate 75 SP and dimethoate 30EC were included. Among these, fipronil 80WG and spiromesifen 22.9SC were foun...