Kadarkarai Murugan

Bharathiar University · Department of Zoology

Humanity has employed medicinal plants as a source of medications for many thousands of years. The evergreen flowering tree plant Simarouba amara is also known as bitterwood, dysentery barks, Laxmi Taru, and paradise tree. It uses its seeds to make edible oils. Mosquitoes spread a wide range of illnesses like malaria, yellow fever, dengue, filarias...

The corn silk (CS) is composed of the thread-like stigmas of female inflorescences of Zea mays L. and represents an important waste material from maize crop production that can be recycled in further applications. In this research, the CS was used for the bio-fabrication of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) that were evaluated against (I–V) larval instars a...

Mosquito borne diseases are on the rise because of their fast spread worldwide and the lack of effective treatments. Here we are focusing on the development of a novel anti-malarial and virucidal agent with biocidal effects also on its vectors. We have synthesized a new quinoline (4,7-dichloroquinoline) derivative which showed significant larvicida...

The thread of resistance development among insects and bacterial pathogens has created the need for developing highly effective and safe drugs. In this research, we studied the toxicity of AC-Ag nanocomposite prepared from cigarette butts (CBs) on key mosquito vectors, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, and gram-negative...

We investigated the effect of encapsulated Chitosan-nanoparticles by using Salvia leucantha essential oil on the insecticidal activity against H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella. The encapsulated nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis, SEM, EDX, FTIR and ZP. Phytochemical analysis of essential oil revealed that the presence of alkaloid, f...

Mosquitoes are a great menace for humankind since they transmit pathogenic organisms causing Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Elephantiasis and Japanese encephalitis. There is an urgent need to discover new and novel biological tools to mitigate mosquito-borne diseases. To develop bioinsecticides through newly developed nanotechnology is another optio...

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by a facile, one-pot, greener approach using aqueous leaf extract of the medicinal plant Nuna (Morinda tinctoria) and were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)...

Background Lichens were used as an ailment in the traditional medicine for treating various disorders for centuries. Since there is less evidence in the literature about the medicinal property of Parmelia sulcata (P. sulcata), we made a pioneer attempt to explore the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of lichens. Methods In the present study...

Mosquitoes behave as an important hazard for millions of human beings worldwide, representing vectors for destructive pathogens like malaria, dengue, chikungunya fever, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Zika virus. Here, we explored the fourth instar larval mortality and impact on enzyme levels in the larval system of mosquito vector Anopheles ste...

Mosquitoes are the major vectors of many diseases such as the malaria, filariasis, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis. Mosquitoes propagate quite successfully in a variety of aquatic habitats such as drinking water system, manmade water bodies, and sewage contaminated aquatic system. Since, water is essential for all life, without it, life won’t pro...

The seven-spotted ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) was released for one time, in early-February on alfalfa plants during 2012 and repeated in 2013, at Jeddah City at rates of 30, 60 and 90 eggs/m2. On alfalfa plants (lucerne) Medicago sativa L.: during the fi rst season (2012), the reduction percentages in the pop...

Microbes or parasites spread vector-borne diseases by mosquitoes without being affected themselves. Insecticides used in vector control produce a substantial problem for human health. This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Lawsonia inermis L. and were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, SEM with EDX, and XRD analysis. Green syn...

In the present study we tested the biological effect of crab shell-chitosan reduced silver nanoparticles (Cs-AgNPs) and characterized viz., UV–vis Spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDAX and XRD. After the treatment of Cs-AgNPs at different larval stages (Larva I, II, III, IV & pupa) of C. quinquefasciatus and for Helicoverpa armigera (III, IV larval stages)...

Crithmum maritimum L. (Apiaceae), also known as sea fennel, is a halophythe plant colonizing cliffs and coastal dunes and pebble of the Mediterranean sea and Atlantic ocean. Based on previous reports, this herb produces an essential oil endowed with insecticidal effects against various pests and insect vectors. In the present work, we investigated...

Background and Objectives: Microbes or parasites spread vector-borne diseases by mosquitoes without being affected themselves. Insecticides used in vector control produce a substantial problem for human health. Materials and Methods: This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Lawsonia inermis L. and were characterized by UV–vis...

The effective management of mosquito vectors is a timely challenge for medical and veterinary entomology. In this study, we evaluated the acoustic Larvasonic device to control young instars of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in diverse freshwater environments. Under laboratory conditions, we investigated the effect of exposure time and distance from the...

Mosquitoes are serious vectors of diseases threading millions of humans and animals worldwide, as malaria, filariasis, and important arboviruses like dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, West Nile virus, and Zika viruses. The swift spread of arboviruses, parasites, and bacteria in conjunction with the development of resistance in the pathogens, paras...

The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using the lichen Parmelia sulcata extract (PSE) and characterized. The peaks of ultraviolet spectrophotometer and Fourier transmission infrared confirmed the formation of nanoparticles and the bioactive compounds of the lichen being responsible for reducing and capping of the particles. The face-cente...

Leucinodes orbonalis Guen ee is serious quarantine pest occurring globally, studies are needed to enlighten the genetic complexities associated with the species. India is considered to be the origin of the L. orbonalis, therefore availability of species records from this region enable to analyse the genetic differences and dispersal of the lineages...

The present investigation deals with remediation of chromium (Cr(VI)) by electrokinetic (EK) and bio-electrokinetic (BEK) processes. The experiments were conducted using spiked concentration of 1 g/kg of chromium in the soil. The results showed a maximum chromium removal of 40.12% and 90.4% by EK and BEK, respectively, at the end of 7 days. Chromiu...

Background: Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles from plant origin provides more resistance against mosquitoes. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from the novel plant, Menyanthes trifoliata for the control of chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti. Objective: The nanoparticles were evaluated for their toxicity of larvae, p...

In this present study, the biocorrosion behaviour of Bacillus thuringiensis EN2 and B. oleronius EN9 on copper metal CW024A (Cu) in cooling water system (1% chloride) were evaluated using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface analysis. In presence of EN2 and EN9, the corrosion rates (CR) were higher, about 0.021 mm/y...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common, severe damage to the central nervous system. Here, we discuss the use of biomaterials for stem cell transplantation in preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of patients with SCI, because cell culture materials could influence the differentiation fate of stem cells, and not act only as carriers or s...

The immobilization of proteins on nano-colloidal substrates recently received increasing attention as it may improve the polymer properties and extend their application fields. The present investigation outlined that silkworm silk can represent a potential biopolymer useful to produce nanogold bioconjugates and gold nanoparticles. The gold nanopart...

Introduction Anti-tuberculosis agent rifampicin is extensively used for its effectiveness. Possible complications of tuberculosis and prolonged rifampicin treatment include kidney damage; these conditions can lead to reduced efficiency of the affected kidney and consequently to other diseases. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can...

Increased urbanization and increase in population has led to an increased demand for fuels. The result is the prices of fuels are reaching new heights every day. Using low-cost feedstocks such as rendered animal fats in biodiesel production will reduce biodiesel expenditures. One of the low-cost feedstocks for biodiesel production from poultry feat...

The rapid spread of highly aggressive arboviruses, parasites, and bacteria along with the development of resistance in the pathogens and parasites, as well as in their arthropod vectors, represents a huge challenge in modern parasitology and tropical medicine. Eco-friendly vector control programs are crucial to fight, besides malaria, the spread of...

The development of novel mosquito control tools is a key prerequisite to build effective and reliable Integrated Vector Management strategies. Here, we proposed a novel method using cigarette butts for the synthesis of Ag nanostructures toxic to young instars of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, chloroquine (CQ)-resistant malaria parasites Pl...

Anopheles stephensi acts as vector of Plasmodium parasites, which are responsible for malaria in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Currently, malaria management is a big challenge due to the presence of insecticide-resistant strains as well as to the development of Plasmodium species highly resistant to major antimalarial drugs. Therefore,...

The control of filariasis vectors has been enhanced in several areas, but there are main challenges, including increasing resistance to insecticides and lack of cheap and eco-friendly products. The toxicity of iron (Fe⁰) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles has been scarcely investigated yet. We studied the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Fe⁰...

The discharge of untreated soak liquor from tannery industry causes severe environmental pollution. This study is characterizing the soak liquor as a substrate in the microbial fuel cell (MFC) for remediation along with electricity generation. The dual chamber MFC was constructed and operated. Potassium permanganate was used as cathode solution and...

Mercury (Hg) contamination of aquatic sites represents a serious risk for human health and the environment. Therefore, effective and rapid monitoring of Hg in aqueous samples is a challenge of timely importance nowadays. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive mercury sensor based on the fluorescence quenching of MoS2 nanosheets/DNA/silicon dot...

Tea saponin (TS) is extracted from the seeds of the tea plant and is generally regarded as a safe compound that has insecticidal properties and can act synergistically with other compounds. In this study, the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were...

Anopheles stephensi is a mosquito vector of malaria, which is still considered a relevant public health problem due to increasing outdoor transmission, growing resistance to insecticides used to target vectors, and antiplasmodial drugs as well. Thus, there is a vital need to explore novel sources of effective compounds. In this study, the hydrother...

Ocular microbial infection has emerged as a major public health crisis during the past two decades. A variety of causative agents can cause ocular microbial infections; which are characterized by persistent and destructive inflammation of the ocular tissue; progressive visual disturbance; and may result in loss of visual function in patients if ear...

The development of eco-friendly and effective insecticides is crucial for public health worldwide. Herein, we focused on the desert wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba), a plant widely used in Arabian traditional medicine, as a source of green nanoinsecticides against mosquito vectors, as well as growth inhibitors to be employed against microbial pathog...

Background: Myiasis induced by the sheep blowfly, Lucilia sericata, represents a public health problem widely distributed throughout the world. L. sericata larval stages feed on both humans and animals. L. sericata adults and larvae can play a role in spreading agents of mycobacterial infections. Objectives: It is critical to establish new and s...

The effect of physical cues, such as the stiffness of biomaterials on the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, has been investigated by several researchers. However, most of these investigators have used polyacrylamide hydrogels for stem cell culture in their studies. Therefore, their results are controversial because those results migh...

A single-step electrochemical deposition of NiS thin films incorporating various carbon nanomaterials as support is described. Advantages of this method are as follows: It is simpler and can be easily scaled up, the precursors employed are cheaper, and the deposition method is energy effective requiring no further heat treatments. Benefits of carbo...

Silver nanoparticle-aided enhancement in the anti-corrosion potential and stability of plant extract as ecologically benign alternative for microbially induced corrosion treatment is demonstrated. Bioengineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) surface functionalized with plant extract material (proteinacious) was generated in vitro in a test tube by tr...

Green fabricated nanoparticles often need to be encapsulated and stabilized, to ensure uniform dispersion in the aquatic environment and relevant larvicidal activity over time. However, recent research showed that nanoencapsulation processes led to a reduction of nanoparticle larvicidal efficacy. We used an extract of Argemone mexicana to reduce Ti...

Camptothecin (CPT) is an anti-cancer drug that effectively treats various cancers, including colon cancer. However, poor solubility and other drawbacks have restricted its chemotherapeutic potential. To overcome these restrictions, CPT was encapsulated in CEF (cyclodextrin-EDTA-FE3O4), a composite nanoparticle of magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4), and β-...

The present study focuses on the optimization of biosurfactant (BS) production using two potential biosurfactant producer Pseudomonas stutzeri NA3 and Acinetobacter baumannii MN3 and role of enzymes in the biodegradation of crude oil. The optimal conditions for P. stutzeri NA3 and A. baumannii MN3 for biodegradation were pH of 8 and 7; temperature...

Currently, nanotechnology has gained much interest due to the unique properties of nanomaterials in science and technology. Different types of metallic nanoparticles are routinely synthesized. However, their release into the aquatic environments is a major ecotoxicological concern. In this scenario, it is important to study the potential impact of...

The present investigation deals with the role of calcium-depositing bacterial community on corrosion of various engineering metals, namely, brass alloy (BS), copper (Cu), stainless steel (SS) and mild steel (MS). Based on the corrosion behavior, Agrobacterium tumefaciens EN13, an aerobic bacterium is identified as calcium-depositing bacteria on eng...

We portray a novel way to deal with the synthesis of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle incorporated β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanocarrier stabilized by ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), which obtained remarkable biocompatibility and biodegradability. The functionality, crystalline nature, morphology and thermal decomposition nature of Fe3O4, β-C...

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability in advanced countries. Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for acute and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. The current status of stem cell therapies for patients with myocardial infarction is discussed from a bioengineering and biomaterial...

To determine phytochemistry, ovicidal and repellent activity of Sesamum indicum extracts against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Phytochemistry properties of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, triterpenoids, anthraquinones, protein, phenol and phytosteroids present in the methanol extract of S. indicum. The ovicidal act...

Mosquitoes represent a key threat for millions of humans worldwide, since they act as vectors for malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Zika virus, filariasis, and encephalitis. In this study, we tested chitosan-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ch–AgNP) using male crab shells as a source of chitosan, which acted as a reducing and capping agent. Ch–...

The advantages of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in strongly buffered neutral pH are manifold including enhanced stability of the electrocatalysts, oxygen tolerance, safer and environmental friendly devices, etc., yet, not much research effort has been devoted on the subject. HER activities of several low-cost electrocatalysts like Mo2C, MoS2, C...

In recent years, the control of MIC using green based chemical (bioactive) compounds were found to show promising results on this context, the present study evaluated the anti-corrosive role of pyocyanin bioactive compound produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa TBH2 biofilm forms there Bacillus on the surface of copper metal CW024A (Cu). UV–Vis spectro...

The employ of nano-formulated biopesticides for mosquito control represents a promising strategy. Recently, it has been outlined that differences in the green reducing extracts used in nanosynthesis led to the production of nanoparticles with distinct bio-physical properities. In the present investigation, Hedychium coronarium-synthesized silver na...

Nanomedicine has emerged to become a frontier area of research. The interdisciplinary nature of nanoscale research inevitably leads to nanostructure fabrication and functionalization. Herein, we addressed on the potential of high therapeutic indexed Syzygium cumini seed to biofunctionalize gold nanoparticles. The aqueous seed extract of S. cumini a...

The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a key vector of bacterial and protozoan diseases causing heavy economic losses directly and indirectly in animal husbandry. In the past decades, the control of ticks faced some major issues, such as the rapid development of resistance in targeted vectors and non-target effects on human health and the...

Current clinical trials that evaluate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based therapies predominantly target treating macular degeneration of the eyes because the eye is an isolated tissue that is naturally weakly immunogenic. Here, we discuss current bioengineering approaches and biomaterial usage in combination with stem cell therapy for macular...

In latest years, various techniques and chemicals have been used for the control of microbial influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals. The application of botanical-based biocides is one of the effective and practical techniques in the fight against MIC. In the present study, the role of aqueous extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale) (GIE) as green bi...

Large-scale production of hydrogen - the energy carrier of the future - remains challenging on economy grounds. Low-cost synthetic designs are necessary to produce electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Ternary nickel molybdenum sulfides Ni1-xMoxS (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16) have been electrochemically grown on fluorine doped tin oxi...

Textile effluent consists of enormous quantities of toxic dyes, which are being discharged into natural aqueous system and thus contaminate the water quality. Hence it is important to develop an eco-friendly and cost effective technology to treat the dyes contaminated wastewater. In this research, an integrated approach of electrochemical oxidation...