Kabir Sadarangani

• PhD MSc Mg
• Diego Portales University

Objective: To analyze the relationship between physical activity (PA) research, monitoring, and policy indicators and the prevalence of PA in South American countries. Methods: An ecological study was carried out based on PA information from a representative sample of the adult population, through national surveys, from all countries in South Ameri...

Summary Background: Overweight and obesity is a global epidemic. Forecasting future trajectories of the epidemic is crucial for providing an evidence base for policy change. In this study, we examine the historical trends of the global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity from 1990 to 2021 and forecast the future traje...

Background Despite the well documented consequences of obesity during childhood and adolescence and future risks of excess body mass on non-communicable diseases in adulthood, coordinated global action on excess body mass in early life is still insufficient. Inconsistent measurement and reporting are a barrier to specific targets, resource allocati...

Background Overweight and obesity is a global epidemic. Forecasting future trajectories of the epidemic is crucial for providing an evidence base for policy change. In this study, we examine the historical trends of the global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity from 1990 to 2021 and forecast the future trajectories t...

Maximum oxygen uptake (. VO 2max) equations from developed countries are inaccurate for developing countries. Accordingly, we aimed to develop equations to predict treadmill. VO 2max over time based on variables other than exercise test in adults from the USA and Brazil undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). We analyzed data from 2,170...

Objective: Traditional and non-traditional strategies have been employed to improve youth health. Dog-assisted interventions have been proposed as a novel strategy to regulate stress and its consequences across all ages. This systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis assessed the influence of dog-assisted interventions on cortisol levels in th...

Background: Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and diet synergically coexist (in different ways) within adolescents’ lifestyles. Thus, understanding obesogenic behaviour patterns within populations is critical to promoting adolescents’ health. This study investigates clustering patterns of adolescents’ obesogenic behaviours across South Americ...

Objective: To investigate the association between alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and physical activity (PA) in South American school adolescents. Methods: The cross-sectional design study used national surveys from nine South at least once in a lifetime, alcohol consumption at least once in the past 30 days, drunk from alcohol consumption, and t...

Introduction: Classification is an essential component that tries to minimize the impact of the eligible impairment on the outcome of the competition by grouping athletes into specific classes based on sport-specific activity limitations. Cerebral palsy (CP) football is a team sport designed for individuals with eligible coordination impairments (i...

Background : Global initiatives have been put in place to attain a thorough understanding of worldwide variations in physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents. Yet, there is limited knowledge about PA-related indicators, specifically for children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD). To bridge this data gap, the Global Matrix of Par...

Background Smoking is the leading behavioural risk factor for mortality globally, accounting for more than 175 million deaths and nearly 4·30 billion years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2021. The pace of decline in smoking prevalence has slowed in recent years for many countries, and although strategies have recently been proposed to achieve tob...

Supplement to: GBD 2021 Tobacco Forecasting Collaborators. Forecasting the effects of smoking prevalence scenarios on years of life lost and life expectancy from 2022 to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Lancet Public Health 2024; 9: e729–44. Appendix 3: Authorship appendix to “Forecasting the effects of smokin...

Background : Smoking is the leading behavioural risk factor for mortality globally, accounting for more than 175 million deaths and nearly 4·30 billion years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2021. The pace of decline in smoking prevalence has slowed in recent years for many countries, and although strategies have recently been proposed to achieve t...

Objective To establish whether physical fitness and cognitive self-perceptions act as mediators in the link between global fitness and cognitive performance measured objectively in adolescents. We also compared differences across sex. Methods A total of 1,296 adolescents (50% girls) from grades 5 to 8 (ages 10-14) participated in this cross-sectio...

Objective To determine how cognitive domains mediate the link between fitness components, their global score (GFS), and adolescents’ academic achievement (ACA) across various school subjects. Methods In this study, 1,296 adolescents aged 10–14 participated. GFS was computed by three fitness components (strength, muscular, and cardiorespiratory fit...

Purpose To summarize the results of Chile's 2022 Report Card (RC) on physical activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents. Methods Chile's 2022 RC included ten core PA indicators common to the Global Matrix 4.0. Evidence from scientific articles, reports, and databases published between 2018 and January 2022 was included for each indicator. The dat...

INTRODUZIONE In tutte le fasce d’età, l’inattività fisica è uno dei fattori legati allo stile di vita associato di più con lo sviluppo di malattie croniche non trasmissibili (MCNT), quali malattie cardiovascolari, diabete, cancro e broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva (BPCO), e che è stato definito una «pandemia» (Kohl et al., 2012) per i suoi effe...

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial for brain health, and exercise has been shown to boost its levels. However, the impact of exercise on BDNF on apparently healthy participants, studied exclusively through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), remains unclear. We conducted a systematic-review and multilevel meta-analyses...

The adolescent population with Down syndrome (DS) appears to show higher levels of body fat and lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness or muscle strength than their peers without disabilities. There is a need to create physical activity programs to improve these data. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of a 16-week swimming pr...

Bikesharing helps citizens solve "the last mile" problem actively and healthily. However, these schemes tend to be located in the affluent and central areas of cities and often demand users to pay by credit or debit cards that are typically out of reach for poor groups, especially in developing countries. Consequently, bikesharing tends to reproduc...

Background Excessive sedentary time has been negatively associated with several health outcomes, and physical activity alone does not seem to fully counteract these consequences. This panorama emphasizes the essential of sedentary time interruption programs. “The Up Project” seeks to assess the effectiveness of two interventions, one incorporating...

Background: Excessive sedentary time has been negatively associated with several health outcomes, and physical activity alone does not seem to fully counteract these consequences. This panorama emphasizes the essential of sedentary time interruption programs. "The Up Project" seeks to assess the effectiveness of two interventions, one incorporating...

Background Students enrolling in higher education often adopt lifestyles linked to worse mental health, potentially contributing to the peak age onset of mental health problems in early adulthood. However, extensive research is limited by focusing on single lifestyle behaviors, including single time points, within limited cultural contexts, and foc...

The aim of this study was to investigate the dose–response relationship between physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a large population-based sample of people with chronic disease. We analysed the data of 29,271 adults (15,315 women) who were diagnosed with chronic diseases and participated in the Welsh Health Survey (Wal...

Excessive adolescent sedentary behaviors (SBs) may affect cognitive-academic achievements; however, findings vary according to the SB evaluated and their mental requirements. This study aimed to understand the multi- variate association between different SBs and diverse cognitive-academic achievements as a primary analysis. As a secondary one, we d...

Background Evidence on all-cause mortality attributable to joint sitting time and physical inactivity is lacking. In this study, we estimated the proportion and number of deaths attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity in Chilean adults. Methods A sample of 5834 adults aged 20–96 years from a 2016–2017 Chilean National Health Survey wa...

Background Improving health of children and adolescents is crucial for their overall development. Therefore, it is essential to explore factors that may influence their health at both the public health and school system levels. Objective This study compares physical fitness components and waist-height-to-ratio (WHtR) in adolescents according to sc...

Background People with disabilities usually face barriers to regularly engaging in physical activities. Estimating physical activity patterns are necessary to elaborate policies and strategies to facilitate active lifestyles, considering the particular access difficulties experienced by this population. Purpose This study aimed (i) to describe the...

Aims: to determine the effect of a 20-week exergame program on different indicators of body composition and components of health-related physical fitness in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods and Procedures Outcomes: 49 adolescents (19 female and 30 males; average age, 14.19 ± 2.06 years) with Down syndrome were recruited and randomized to tw...

Background: To estimate the prevalence of different physical activity (PA) domains and sitting time (ST), and to analyze the association with sociodemographic indicators. Methods: Data from the most recent nationally representative survey from each of the South American countries, comprising 155,790 adults (18-64 y), were used. Data on leisure-t...

The aims of this study were (1) to describe and examine differences in change of direction (COD) performance and the magnitude of asymmetries in para-footballers with cerebral palsy (CP) and controls and (2) to evaluate the association between COD outcomes and linear sprint performance. Twenty-eight international para-footballers with CP and thirty...

Objectives: To examine the theoretical substitutions of screen exposure, non-screen sitting time, moderate and vigorous physical activity with depressive and anxiety symptoms in South American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A cross-sectional study during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic with data from 1981 adults from Chil...

This study aims to establish cut-off points for the number of minutes of physical activity intensity and the number of daily steps that identify overweight/obesity in adolescents, adults, and older adults. This study examined data from 2737 participants. Physical activity intensity and the number of daily steps were assessed using GT3X+ ActiGraph m...

Aim To examine the association between physical activity and the cause of death with the greatest risk related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a large population-based cohort representative of the general US adult population. Methods A total of 41,726 adults suffering from T2DM (age 62 ± 14 years) and 459,660 adults without diabetes (age 46...

Background: Evidence has shown that active transportation decreases obesity rates, but considering walking or cycling as separate modes could provide additional information on the health benefits in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the associations between walking and cycling as form active transportation and obesity indicators in Latin Ame...

Objective The aim of this study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional uniforms (TUs) and sports uniforms (SUs) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index. Methods A total of 988 Chilean adolescent...

Background We aimed to investigate time trends and inequalities of different physical activity (PA) domains and sitting time (ST) in adults from South American countries. Methods We included cross-sectional data of nationally representative surveys on adults (n = 597 843) from nine South American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colom...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic imposed major changes on daily-life routine worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, no study quantified the changes on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) and its correlates in Brazilians. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the changes (pre versus during pandemic) in time spent...

Objectives To characterize how physical activity and sedentary behavior have been measured in national health surveys in South American countries. Methods An extensive search was made for national health surveys from all 12 South American countries through health websites, national statistical offices, and contact with researchers and policy-maker...

Objectives: To assess alcohol use and perceived change in alcohol consumption (before and during the pandemic) in Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic, its correlates, and association with depressive, anxiety and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study comprising 992 individuals in self-iso...

The first aim was to compare differences between school vulnerability groups, fitness levels, and their combination in adolescent cognitive performance. The second aim was to determine the mediation role of fitness in the association between school vulnerability and cognitive performance. A total of 912 Chilean adolescents aged 10–14 years particip...

Background : Physical fitness and fatness converge simultaneously modulating cognitive skills, which in turn, are associated with children and adolescents’ socioeconomic background. However, both fitness components and fat mass localization are crucial for understanding its implication at the cognitive level. Objective : This study aimed to determi...

Measures implemented to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in a decrease in physical activity (PA) while sedentary behaviour increased. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between PA and mental health in Austria during COVID-19 social restrictions. In this web-based cross-sectional study (April–May 2020) moderate-to-...

Background: The beneficial relationship between physical fitness and cognitive performance is affected and modulated by a wide diversity of factors that seem to be more sensitive during the development stage, particularly during early adolescence. This study aimed to examine the role of physical fitness considering the multivariate association bet...

El propósito de este Informe es apoyar la difusión en América Latina de temas importantes relacionados con salud, transporte y equidad.

The worldwide prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PA) and prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) were high before the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Measures that were taken by governments (such as home confinement) to control the spread of COVID-19 may have affected levels of PA and SB. This cross-sectional study among South American adults...

Parte I: Recomendaciones de actividad física para el curso de vida y comorbilidad

ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y EJERCICIO SEGÚN CURSO DE VIDA Y COMORBILIDAD Parte II: Prescripción de ejercicio

Abstract: This study aimed to determine whether pupils who have breakfast just before a cognitive demand, do not regularly skip breakfast, and consume a high-quality breakfast present higher cognitive performance than those who do not; furthermore, to establish differences according to their nutritional status. In this study, 1181 Chilean adolescen...

Abstract: This study investigated the impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological status among Saudi adults, and whether physical activity modifies this association. The participants were 518 adults aged �18 years (67.4% men). Using an online survey, data regarding demograph...

This study aimed to establish the association and differences in a diversity of cognitive domains according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed-agility fitness (S-AF) level in a large sample of Chilean schoolchildren. 1,171 Chilean schoolchildren aged 10-14 years participated. CRF, MF, and S-AF were assessed through...

Reduced sleep duration in schoolchildren has been associated with poor health outcomes at the scholar level; however, there is little information on the effects of sleep loss on Chilean preschoolers. The aim of this study was to describe and compare cardiometabolic outcomes according with the sleep duration in Chilean preschoolers. A second aim was...

Background Our aim was to investigate the association of macroeconomic, human development, and demographic factors with different domains of physical activity and sitting time among South American adults. Methods We used data from nationally representative samples in Argentina (n = 26,932), Brazil (n = 52,490), Chile (n = 3866), Colombia (n = 14,2...

Background: Prolonged sitting time is a risk factor for chronic disease, yet recent global surveillance is not well described. The aims were to clarify: (i) the countries that have collected country-level data on self-reported sitting time; (ii) the single-item tools used to collect these data; and (iii) the duration of sitting time reported across...

This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the associations of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior with depressive, anxiety, and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&A) in self-isolating Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were collected using the Beck Depressi...

Background: the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a single nutritional preventive session previous to a critical period linked to fat gain in university students with overweightness and obesity, emulating a nutritional session of a public health system. Methods: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 23 students met al...

Background: The self-distancing measures imposed major changes in daily life routine. This study aimed to (i) evaluate the changes (pre-versus during pandemic) in time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in selfisolating Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (ii) to explore correlates of MVPA an...

Background: The study summarizes the findings of the 2018 Chilean Report Card (RC) on Physical Activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents and compares the results with the first Chilean RC and with other countries from the Global Matrix 3.0. Methods: A Research Work Group using a standardized methodology from the Global Matrix 3.0 awarded grades...

Objective To estimate the incidence of major biological cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults using non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF). Methods 200 039 healthy people (99 957 women), aged ≥18 years (38.5±12.1 years) from the Taiwan MJ Cohort. eCRF was estimated with validated algorithms. Biological CVD risk facto...

Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a novel biomarker related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) have an inverse relationship with the AIP, while sedentary time (ST) and fatness present a positive association. This study aimed to determine the combined and independent association of CRF, PA,...

Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a novel biomarker related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) have an inverse relationship with the AIP, while sedentary time (ST) and fatness present a positive association. This study aimed to determine the combined and independent association of CRF, PA,...

Objective: This study examined the dose-response relationship between changes in physical activity (PA) and subsequent incidence or remission of overall and abdominal obesity. Methods: A total of 113,950 healthy individuals aged ≥ 18 years participating in the Taiwan MJ Cohort were included. Two-year changes in PA between the first and second ex...

Background: Although clinical gait speed may indicate health and wellbeing in older adults, there is a lack of studies comparing clinical tests with ambulatory gait speed with regard to several health outcomes. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the associations of clinical gait speed, measured by the 2.44 meter walk test and...

The aims of the present study were: (i) to analyze the associations of the time spent in daily activities (i.e., lie, recline, passive sit, active sit, stand, walk at slow pace, walk at average pace, walk at brisk pace, and other activities) with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC); and (ii) to examine how theoretically reallocating...

Purpose: Whether physical activity (PA) might have certain benefits for cardiovascular disease (CVD) primordial prevention even in the absence of clinically significant weight loss is of public health interest. In this study, we examined the independent and combined associations of simultaneous changes in PA and body weight with the subsequent dev...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between physical activity (PA) and the risk for metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) or metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in Asian adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were obtained from 205,745 healthy individuals 18 years or older. Individuals were classified as inactive, lower or upper insufficiently active,...

Background: To assess the validity of the single question to determine sedentary behavior (SB) by using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in older adults. Methods: The sample included 163 participants (96 women) aged 65-92 years. Self-reported SB was obtained from the GPAQ. Objectively measured SB was assessed using the Intellige...

Although both obesity and ageing are risk factors for cognitive impairment, there is no evidence in Chile on how obesity levels are associated with cognitive function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between adiposity levels and cognitive impairment in older Chilean adults. This cross-sectional study inclu...

Objective: To examine the association between physical activity (PA) and the risk for metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) or metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) in Asian adults. Patients and methods: Data were obtained from 205,745 healthy individuals 18 years or older. Individuals were classified as inactive, lower or upper insufficiently act...

Bike- sharing is on the hip. Currently, there are more than 1,600 programs operating globally in more than 700 cities and involving more than one million bikes. There are many benefits of bike-sharing. It has been argued that they increase bike use (De Maio, 2009), though this increment is highly dependent on existing modal share. Thus, in places w...

Background: Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the...

Introduction: Sedentary behavior (SB), physical inactivity and obesity are main risk factors for non-communicable diseases. However, it is unknow whether reallocating SB time with physical activity (PA) domains related to travel, occupational and leisure activities is associated with lower levels of adiposity. The aim of this study, therefore, was...

Objective: .To use a new methodology to classify the level of physical activity (PA) by combining the levels of PA and sedentary time (SED) in order to establish its association with metabolic syndrome (MS). Materials and methods: A representative sample of Chilean adults (≥18 years old) who participated in the National Health Survey (ENS 2009-2...

Aim To examine the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and metabolic control, in adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals (Santiago, Chile) with 101 type 1 (mean 34.4 ± 12.3 years) and 100 type 2 DM (mean 57.8 ± 5.2 years) adults. Glycated hemoglobin level (A1C) was ob...

Objectives We examined the dose–response relationship between physical activity (PA) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults in Taiwan. Methods This study included 1 98 919 participants, aged 18–97 years, free of CVD, cancer and diabetes at baseline (1997–2013), who were followed until 2016. At baseline, participants w...