K. M. Singh

Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University · Agricultural Economics

During the mid-1990s, the Government of India and the World Bank began exploring new approaches to extension that would address these system problems and constraints. The result was a new, decentralized extension approach, which would focus more directly on agricultural diversification and increasing farm income and rural employment. The central in...

Rural Development forms an important agenda of the Government. However, the application of ICT in the Rural Development sector has been relatively slow. The main reasons for this are poor ICT infrastructure in rural areas, poor ICT awareness among agency officials working in rural areas and local language issues. Agriculture is an important sector...

South Asia is home to many rich, traditional systems of medicine (TSM). Ayurvedic system dates back to 5000 B.C. Along with the Unani, Siddha and Tibetan systems, these TSMs remain important source of everyday health and livelihood for tens of millions of people. Himalayan sage-scholars of Traditional Medicine have said “Nanaushadhi Bhootam Jagat K...

The application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in agriculture is increasingly important. E-Agriculture is an emerging field focusing on the enhancement of agricultural and rural development through improved information and communication processes. More specifically, e-Agriculture involves the conceptualization, design, developmen...

This book entitled “Growth and Instability of Food Grain Production in Bihar” shall help researchers, academics, scientists and economists in studying growth & instability and cropping pattern of cereals and pulses which come under major crops in Bihar. It will also be helpful in measuring the contribution of different components in agricultural pr...

Women are considered the weaker section in most societies as compared to men. The existing gender inequality has attracted the world's attention, and 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were set up in 2015. Among 17 SDGs, gender equality is the 5th important goal and is also considered in agriculture. Therefore, the present study aims to assess...

An investigation was conducted to study the economic analysis of milk production in Southern India. A total of 240 dairy farmers were selected comprising 80 each from the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The study revealed that the average gross maintenance cost of milk production per milch animal per day was higher in crossbred...

As the digital revolution sweeps the globe, each sector of the economy (financial services, taxation and governance, education, healthcare, agriculture, logistics) has witnessed a significant technological amendment. The digital economy creates flexible infrastructure for the demand market of new goods and services, manages price fluctuations, and...

The major global challenges are climate change, environmental problems, and food and nutritional security. The world is eying the bioeconomy as a promising approach to address these problems. Because of a rapidly growing population, urbanization is creating environmental concerns like pollution, climate change, global warming, waste disposal, and n...

The state of Bihar witnessed the ‘Maize revolution’ courtesy the introduction of rabi maize. Being prominently a kharif crop, the production system of maize was constrained by heavy rainfall and the incidence of insects, pests and diseases during kharif months. As Northern Bihar is highly prone to floods and crop losses, the state introduced hybri...

This study reviews groundwater status and management based on the existing literature regarding its resource endowment, hydrogeology, challenges and issues of management and policy suggestions for India. Efficient management requires decoupling groundwater rights from land-ownership rights, changes in electricity pricing and metering, aquifer-based...

There are numerous economic and non-economic factors behind migration. Migrants are pushed out from their native place due to socioeconomic condition. Adversely migrants are pulled into the destinations that offer comparatively high wages and employment opportunities and better living standard, health and educational facilities. Bihar stands next t...

The crop productivity in calcareous soils is low due to their low organic matter content, high pH levels and improper nutrient management without considering the indigenous nutrient supplying capacity and crop yield potential; therefore, this study was conducted for a quantitative assessment of the nutrient supplying capacity of a calcareous soil o...

Trade is the growth engine of any economy. The global trade balances are itself on David Ricardo’s theory of Comparative Advantage, which suggests that a country shall export the commodity in which it can combine its resources efficiently. However, in different stages of food systems, natural resources like water and fossil fuel energy have a criti...

The whole food systems comprising of pre-production, production, and post-production activities. consume a lot more energy and also emits Greenhouse gases. Therefore, energy and food systems have a complex nexus that needs to be interrogated and appropriate sustainable solutions must be aimed at from the perspective of current and future generation...

Market Intelligence for Strengthening Market-led Extension

Background: In India dairy farming is a significant part of the rural population, providing not only supplementary income and nutritional standards but also organic manures and draught power. Andhra Pradesh ranks 5th in total milk production in India with an output of 15.04 million metric tonnes and Chittoor district is one of the leading districts...

The present investigation was conducted to identify value chain actors and assessed the value addition by each actor of chickpea in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. The primary data was collected from 200 respondents in two blocks of Kurnool having higher area under chickpea. The study identified village traders, commission agents, dal millers,...

Cotton (Gossypium spp.), also known as the "white gold" or "king of fibres," is inextricably linked to human civilisation. It has a significant impact on India's economy. In the years 2019-2020, an investigation was conducted in the Bhadradri kothagudem area of Telangana. Inputs, cost and returns, and production data were collected from 120 cotton...

The comparative performance of vegetables and fruits during pre (1991-92 to 2005-06) and post (2006-07 to 2018-19) National Horticultural Mission (NHM) based on secondary data was assessed. The study revealed that the growth rates of area and production of vegetables increased during the post-NHM period, but the productivity marginally declined d...

India is the fourth largest producer of oilseeds and accounts for about 15-20 percent of global oilseeds area, 6-7 percent vegetable oil production and 9-10 percent of total edible oils consumption. Among different oilseeds, groundnut, rapeseed-mustard and soyabean accounts for about 80 percent of area and 87 percent of production of oilseed in the...

India is the fourth largest producer of oilseeds and accounts for about 15-20 percent of global oilseeds area, 6-7 percent vegetable oil production and 9-10 percent of total edible oils consumption. Among different oilseeds, groundnut, rapeseed-mustard and soyabean accounts for about 80 percent of area and 87 percent of production of oilseed in the...

The study was conducted during 2018-2019 to explore the impact of male migration in north-Bihar in empowering women in different domain of household decisions. Five domains namely agricultural production, asset creation, health care, educational decision of children and leadership were considered and women empowerment indices were computed for each...

Cotton (Gossypium spp.), also known as the "white gold" or "king of fibres," is inextricably linked to human civilization. It has a significant impact on India's economy. In the years 2019-2020, an investigation was conducted in the Bhadradri ,Kothagudem area of Telangana. The research identified the socioeconomic characteristics of the cotton grow...

The present investigation is mainly based on secondary data of area, production and productivity of oilseeds retrieved from different published sources covering a period of 30 years from 1990-91 to 2019-20. The period was subdivided into three sub-periods i.e. 1990-91 to 1999-2000, 2000-01 to 2009-10 and 2010-11 to 2019-20 to have an understanding...

Maize is grown in all the three season i.e., kharif, rabi and summer, but the highest productivity is achieved during the rabi season. The compound annual growth rate of area, production and productivity is positive. It is very much evident that the productivity is increasing over the years and the effect of technology on this increase was captured...

Movement from one place to another in search of gainful employment is termed as migration. People with poor socio-economic conditions usually migrate to secure their livelihood. Migration takes place for a certain period or permanently including different types of voluntary movements. Migration has positive impact on human development and poverty r...

The present study was undertaken in 45 villages spread across 45 sub-divisions in 33 districts of Bihar following a descriptive & diagnostic research design. 10 respondents were randomly selected from 45 villages comprising a sample size of 450 respondents. Analysis of field level data revealed that daily wage of the migrant workers at their native...

Paper presented at the "National workshop on Innovations under ATMA for enhancing Farmers Income" during 15-16, December 2021 at MANAGE, Hyderabad

The nexus between energy and food systems

The poster presents an Overview of Farm Power Availability and Agricultural Productivity in Bihar

Extent of Farm Mechanization in Bihar- Evidences from Unit Level Cost of Cultivation Data

This study assessed the growth trends and instability in area, production and productivity of rice in major rice growing states during the period 2001-02 to 2018-19. The study revealed that compound growth rate of area under rice was almost constant in the country during last two decades, while it was fluctuating across the states. However, growth...

An assessment of changes in the area, production, and productivity of the pulse crops is considered helpful for their management and policy-making to ensure the nutritional security of the ever-growing population. The results revealed that the annual growth rates of production and productivity of lentils were comparatively high to other pulses. Ins...

Pulse crops are important for providing healthy diets to human being and protein-rich feed and fodder to animals. Bihar is one of the major states for pulses production in the country. The study was carried out at Patna during 2017–19 and based on secondary data for the last 37 years period obtained from published documents and reports of Governmen...

Rice Research and Development for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

The plant derived feedstuffs of poultry contains non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) include Non Starch Polysaccharides (NSPs), Broiler; Enzyme, Cocktail, Phytase, Supplemen-tation, Performance celluloses, xylans, mannans, glucans and pectins etc., which are not well digested by the broiler because of their chemical structure and endogenous enzymes ins...

The study is based on the longitudinal information collected under Village Dynamics of South Asia (VDSA) project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) in the selected villages of Bihar. An attempt has been made to explore the incidence of poverty and livelihood status of farm households between 2010-11 an d 2014-15 using descripti...

Pulse crops are important for providing healthy diets to human being and protein-rich feed and fodder to animals. Bihar is one of the major states for pulses production in the country. The study is based on secondary data for the last 37 years period obtained from published documents and reports of Government of Bihar. Despite the institutional sup...

The present study aims at analyzing economic aspects related to production and marketing of cluster bean in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan. The study is based on primary data collected from 100 cluster bean growers spread over four randomly selected villages of two random blocks of Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan by interviewing individual r...

Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particular. In rural India over 15-20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to small and marginal farm size groups, livestock provides livelihood to two-third of the rural population. Livestock sector provides employment to about 8.8%...

Understanding the nature of rural landscape change during the urbanization process is vital to formulate more elaborate rural landscape management plans for sustainable development. However, there is a few information depicting how rural landscapes change at a local level and limited evidence addressing how to improve the practicability of these ma...

In the present study, an attempt has been made to test the cost efficiency of cereal crops like paddy, wheat and maize separately in the state of Bihar using Stochastic cost Frontier model. It has been tried to determine the determinants of cost inefficiencies. The study is also aimed to know the factors affecting the cost inefficiencies in product...

Land is an important input for the agricultural production, any change in land use pattern has significant implications for crop production. Land is a limited resource and net shown area is reducing year after year. Hence, judicious use of land is of prime importance to meet the growing demand of food for ever increasing population of not only the...

The dynamics of export of Jute quantity in India was studied taking into account time series data from 1990-91 to 2015-16 with an aim to assess production factor variability and constraints faced by Jute farmers so as to suggest a plausible solution to turn Jute farming into a more profitable venture. The Jute export registered a significant pos...

As an institution, KVKs are playing strategic role in technology back-stopping, knowledge management and advisory to various stake holders like farmers, farm women, rural youths and extension personnel. The present study was conducted at KVK, Samastipur to see the impact of its training programme on mushroom production technology for rural youth an...

Agriculture occupies a key position in Indian economy providing a source of livelihood for a majority of the population. Successes in agricultural front with high production levels, especially in food grains have indeed been achieved. Women in India are the backbone of the society and important resource in agriculture and rural economy. They make e...

Understanding the nature of rural landscape change during the urbanization process is vital to formulate rural management plans for sustainable development. However, there is little information on how rural landscapes changes and limited evidence as to how it can be improved. There were 244.9 million households in India of which 179.7 million house...

Ensuring food and nutrition security is a big challenge for India, given its huge population and high levels of poverty and malnutrition. Malnutrition among children is prevalent in almost all the states in India but Child malnutrition is a critical problem in Bihar, where the prevalence of underweight children is far worse than the Indian average...

The eastern region of India, comprising the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam, Odisha and West Bengal, is one of the most backward regions of the nation. This region occupies about 21.85% of geographical area and supports 34% of the population of the country. Agriculture is the mainstay of economy in the region. About 67% of the cultivators belong...

Nutrition and Agriculture are interlinked with each other. Sustainable agricultural development is agricultural development that contributes to improving resource efficiency, strengthening resilience and securing social equity/responsibility of agriculture and food systems in order to ensure food security and nutrition for all, now and in the futur...

In order to assess the yield gap in major pulse crops and factors causing yield gap in Bihar, plot level data of Cost of Cultivation Scheme, Govt. of India were used for the year 2015-16.Simple regression model was applied to identify the factors. Results of the study pointed out that yield gap-II i.e. demonstration plot yield and farmer's field yi...

Livestock is a vital component of Indian economy in general and of agricultural sector in particular. In rural India over 15–20% families are landless and about 80% of the land holders belong to small and marginal farm size groups, livestock provides livelihood to two-third of the rural population. Livestock sector provides employment to about 8.8%...

This paper aims to analyse the correlates of choice of source of credit and amount of institutional finance from survey of rural households in eastern India. The study uses primary data of 2,641 rural households across Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand. Cragg's Double hurdle model, which accounts for endogeneity between the amount of form...

Original Research Article Land is one of the important natural resources. Without land agriculture can"t even be imagined. Many challenges are faced by agriculture due to land and water scarcity and pressure on natural resources. The cultivation of land is on a decreasing scale due to the high population growth. In the study attempt has been made t...

The present investigation has been carried out to analyze the agricultural output growth and contribution of different components to the output growth in the state of Bihar. Results of the analysis depicted mixed trend in growth rates of area under different crops in the state. The production growth has been found positive for most of the crops due...

The present investigation has been carried out to analyze the agricultural output growth and contribution of different components to the output growth in the state of Bihar. Results of the analysis depicted mixed trend in growth rates of area under different crops in the state. The production growth has been found positive for most of the crops due...

Food security is interlinked with agricultural production. Enhancement in farm productivity and providing diversified demand of food due to growth in per capita income, urbanization and changes in food habit is the major challenges. Study is based on secondary data collected from different published sources for the period from 1988-89 to 2017-18 i....

The present study was conducted to analyze the comparative production performance of vegetable crops in eastern India and India. In this study compound growth rates of vegetable crops and major vegetables like potato, tomato, onion, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, okra and pea were calculated by fitting exponential function to variables like area, p...

The multi-dimensional role of women in agriculture cannot be denied as they contribute in every agricultural operation from sowing to harvesting of crops and are also active in allied sectors. Participation of women in total workforce was assessed 27.44 per cent as against 72.56 per cent by male workforce in 2011. Share of women agricultural workfo...

This study examines the changing employment and livelihood patterns of rural labour households in tribal villages of eastern India. The study is based on the high frequency panel data collected under the ICAR-ICRISAT project on Village Dynamics Studies in eastern India from 2010 to 2014. The findings revealed that the work participation rate of lan...

This study examines the changing employment and livelihood patterns of rural labour households in tribal villages of eastern India. The study is based on the high frequency panel data collected under the ICAR-ICRISAT project on Village Dynamics Studies in eastern India from 2010 to 2014. The findings revealed that the work participation rate of lan...