K. Samdanis

• PhD
• Standardization Expert at Lenovo Germany

Artificial IntelligenceandMachineLearning (AI/ML) cantransformmobilecommunications,enablenew applications andservices,andpavethewaybeyond5G.The adoption ofAI/MLmayalsoadvancenetworkoptimizations and servicelife-cyclemanagement.Thisarticleprovidesan overviewofAI/MLanalyticsexploringthemainconceptsin relationtonetworkautomationandservice-basedarchite...

3GPP specified 5G and provided improvements in terms of the system performance and support for the integration of new scenarios for accommodating various vertical segments. The upcoming Release 18 defines “5G Advanced” as a milestone towards 6G, introducing several enhancements in terms of the network architecture, physical layer, new services, sec...

Driven by the emerging mission-critical applications, the need for the deterministic networking (DetNet) capabilities of the current network infrastructure is becoming increasingly important, and that is to enable assured bandwidth, latency/jitter and reliability for these services. Recently, the technological advancements of non-terrestrial networ...

This paper provides an overview of enhanced network services, while emphasizing on the role of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as core network equipment with radio and backhaul capabilities. Initially, we elaborate the various deployment options, focusing on UAVs as airborne radio, backhaul and core network equipment, pointing out the benefits and...

A sophisticated and efficient network slicing architecture is needed to support the orchestration of network slices across multiple administrative domains. Such multi-domain architecture shall be agnostic of the underlying virtualization and network infrastructure technologies. Its objective is to extend the traditional orchestration, management an...

This article provides an overview of enhanced network services, while emphasizing the role of UAVs as core network equipment with radio and backhaul capabilities. Initially, we elaborate the various deployment options, focusing on UAVs as airborne radio, backhaul and core network equipment, pointing out the benefits and limitations. We then analyze...

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a driving technology for enabling the 5th Generation of mobile communication (5G) systems offering enhanced network management features and softwarization. This paper concentrates on reducing the operating expenditure (OPEX) costs while i) increasing the quality of service (QoS) by leveraging the benefits of que...

As 5G enters a stable phase in terms of system architecture, 3GPP Release 17 starts to investigate advanced features that would shape the evolution toward 6G. This paper provides an insightful analysis for mobile networks Beyond 5G (B5G) considering the advancements and implications introduced by the evolution of softwarization, agile control and d...

This article provides an overview of radio resource management (RRM) in the context of network slicing considering a range of different deployment options and practicalities. Initially, it elaborates the 3GPP radio access network (RAN) sharing in terms of business and architecture. Slice‐tailored RRM solutions are then considered for various base s...

A sophisticated and efficient network slicing architecture is needed to support the orchestration of network slices across multiple administrative domains. Such multi-domain architecture shall be agnostic of the underlying virtualization and network infrastructure technologies. Its objective is to extend the traditional orchestration, management an...

This paper introduces the concept of network slicing in the emerging Time Division Duplex (TDD) 5G networks, considering asymmetric traffic conditions. The proposed approach relies on a flexible—soft spectrum—slicing considering the entire spectrum band by allocating service oriented network slices that can independently adjust the Uplink/Downlink...

The work on enhancing real-time Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communications is advancing in 3GPP with ongoing efforts in radio and core network working groups. At the same time, concerted efforts are underway on the application layer to ensure a successful deployment and provisioning of real-time communications to enable interworking V2X services....

For the success of real-time Vehicular-to-Everything (V2X) communications, it is paramount that 5G mobile networks be resilient, highly reliable, and secure in the delivery and reception of information to and from the vehicle. There are several concerted efforts underway in 3GPP and oneM2M to enhance the end-to-end transmission and forwarding of da...

Ultra-dense networks (UDNs) are a natural deployment evolution for handling the tremendous traffic increase related to the emerging 5G services, especially in urban environments. However, the associated infrastructure cost may become prohibitive. The evolving paradigm of network slicing can tackle such a challenge while optimizing the network resou...

Network slicing has been identified as the backbone of the rapidly evolving 5G technology. However, as its consolidation and standardization progress, there are no literatures that comprehensively discuss its key principles, enablers and research challenges. This paper elaborates network slicing from an end-to-end perspective detailing its historic...

While video streaming has dominated the Internet traffic, Video Service Providers (VSPs) compete on how to assure the best Quality of Experience (QoE) to their customers. HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) has become the de facto way that helps VSPs work-around potential network bottlenecks that inevitably cause stallings. However, HAS-alone cannot guar...

The seven articles in this special section focus on fifth generation (5G) mobile vertical and communications services that are made available via network softwarization and network slicing. 5G networks are expected to facilitate a business ecosystem enabling innovative services and networking capabilities for new industry stakeholders such as verti...

The emerging 5G networks should accommodate a plethora of heterogeneous services with diverse Service Level Agreements (SLAs), such as Internet of Things (IoT), location and social applications and multimedia to state a few. Dynamic Time Division Duplex (TDD) networks have the potential to support asymmetric services providing resource flexibility...

The articles in this special section focus on network slicing for 5G mobile communication. The emerging fifth generation (5G) networks are expected to support a plethora of different services and applications with diverse and often conflicting performance requirements. Network slicing enables network operators to allocate logical self-contained net...

Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is an emerging ecosystem, which aims at converging telecommunication and IT services, providing a cloud computing platform at the edge of the Radio Access Network (RAN). MEC offers storage and computational resources at the edge, reducing latency for mobile end users and utilizing more efficiently the mobile backha...

The emerging network slicing paradigm for 5G provides new business opportunities by enabling multi-tenancy support. At the same time, new technical challenges are introduced, as novel resource allocation algorithms are required accommodating different business models. In particular, infrastructure providers need to implement radically new admission...

In addition to providing substantial performance enhancements, future 5G networks will also change the mobile network ecosystem. Building on the network slicing concept, 5G allows to "slice" the network infrastructure into separate logical networks that may be operated independently and targeted at specific services. This opens the market to new pl...

The articles in this special section focus on the technologies, applications, and services supported by 5G mobile commuincations.

The ever increasing service demands, flexibility needs, and business opportunities have led broadband operators to explore strategies for implementing access agnostic core networks. The hybrid access system is one such strategy that helps operators to deliver higher bandwidth and more reliable services to their subscribers. This article provides a...

The emerging requirements for 5th generation (5G) mobile networks lead to a complete network paradigm refurbishment by leveraging on Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). While NFV adds flexibility by allowing network functions to be dynamically deployed and inter-connected, MEC brings intelligence at the edge of th...

The emerging 5G systems are envisioned to support higher data volumes and a plethora of different services with diverse QoS demands. To accommodate such service requirements, a cost efficient and flexible network architecture considering different service types is desired. The adoption of C-RAN can reduce infrastructure costs especially for dense d...

The ever-increasing traffic demand is pushing network operators to find new cost-efficient solutions towards the deployment of future 5G mobile networks. The network sharing paradigm was explored in the past and partially deployed. Nowadays, advanced mobile network multi-tenancy approaches are increasingly gaining momentum paving the way towards fu...

Quality of Experience (QoE) is a research area that has attracted genuine interest in the last few years. Particularly for mobile network operators, QoE awareness seems to be the most appealing way to better understand the quality that their customers perceive, and, thereafter, to improve their experience. This extended abstract is focusing on the...

The ever-increasing traffic demand is pushing network operators to find new cost-efficient solutions towards the deployment of future 5G mobile networks. The network sharing paradigm was explored in the past and partially deployed. Nowadays, advanced mobile network multi-tenancy approaches are increasingly gaining momentum paving the way towards fu...

As a chain is as strong as its weakest element, so are the efficiency, flexibility, and robustness of a mobile network, which relies on a range of different functional elements and mechanisms. Indeed, the mobile network architecture needs particular attention when discussing the evolution of 3GPP EPS because it is the architecture that integrates t...

This paper introduces the concept of elastic bearer in Evolved Packet System (EPS), which allows, on one hand, the users to enhance on-demand the performance of certain applications and on the other hand, it permits the network to efficiently manage the resource allocation considering the application type. In particular, the paper introduces a set...

The provision of service-oriented network resource virtualization, commonly known as network slicing, is envisioned as an answer to the increasing diversity of application demands in evolving 5G mobile networks. Network slicing is helpful in isolating a specified amount of resources in order to accommodate diverse services having heterogeneous requ...

In this paper, we consider the provisioning of public safety communications using mobile networks based on LTE-Advanced in a radio resource efficient manner. Different network deployment alternatives are investigated, and impacts of providing delay critical group communications using unicast and multicast bearers are analyzed. This work has a twofo...

This paper introduces mechanisms and algorithms for managing efficiently the resources of Time-Division Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) networks in a flexible manner enabling (i) dynamic frame alternation at each evolved Node B(eNB) and (ii) forming virtual cells, which allow diverse resource utilization to users residing within regions that can utili...

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has been working on developing specifications on Machine Type Communications (MTC), also known as Machine to Machine Communications (M2M), which is all part of Internet of Things (IoT), a technology that enables machines and devices to be interconnected via the internet. This paper presents recent M2M...

This book provides a comprehensive view of green communications considering all areas of ICT including wireless and wired networks. It analyses particular concepts and practices, addressing holistic approaches in future networks considering a system perspective. It makes full use of tables, illustrations, performance graphs, case studies and exampl...

This chapter summarizes the current standardisation efforts for mobile and wireless communications considering both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency bands. For licensed bands, the main focus of this chapter concentrates on 3GPP's mobile network technology. It provides first an overview of cross-topic energy saving activities, followed by an...

This chapter provides an overview of the main standardization bodies and their related activities regarding energy efficiency for wireline communications. In particular, it introduces energy proportionality and power states, summarizing the European Commission (EC) Code-of-Conduct regarding the energy consumption of network equipment. It then analy...

As mobile data traffic is continuously increasing and the average revenues per user are getting lower due to flat-rate changing, operators are in need of means to cope with higher-than-expected data volumes introducing minimal additional capital expenditures. This paper investigates network decentralization in conjunction with the selective IP traf...

In this paper, we propose a Software Defined Network (SDN)-based framework for enhanced Quality of Experience (QoE) in the presence of Time Division-Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) pico-cell hotspots. The proposed framework enables users to utilize radio-resources from multiple base stations and enhance their QoE, by utilizing the concept of virtual c...

The traditional model of single ownership of the mobile network infrastructure is being challenged by the forecasted mobile data tsunami and the resulting CAPEX and OPEX costs. In this context, the sharing of network infrastructure among operators has emerged as a way to ensure operators' future cost competitiveness. While the elementary concepts r...

The vast proliferation of the mobile devices along with the increasing data demands pave the way for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems, which are envisaged to support significantly higher connection speeds, such as 10 Gb/s peak data rates. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), cloud computing, pervasive networking, Internet of Th...

This paper provides a brief overview and a vision for introducing a Quality of Experience (QoE) function for on-demand services or for premium users, based-on Software-Defined Networking (SDN). The proposed “QoE-service” can take advantage of the SDN global resource view and complementary QoE metrics to assure the desired performance for OTT applic...

Device-to-device (D2D) communications facilitate promising solutions for service optimization and spectrum/capacity efficiency in the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) networks. A key enabler for D2D communications and proximity services (ProSe) is the device discovery process. Currently, many aggressive peer discovery methods discussed i...

This paper focuses on energy efficiency aspects and related benefits of radio-access-network-as-a-service (RANaaS) implementation (using commodity hardware) as architectural evolution of LTE-advanced networks toward 5G infrastructure. RANaaS is a novel concept introduced recently, which enables the partial centralization of RAN functionalities depe...

Spectrum and infrastructure sharing among multiple mobile network operators have recently drawn significant attention from the industry and the academia sectors. Recent advances in the area of Software Defined Networking (SDN) launch the design of innovative SDN-based solutions for resource sharing in multi-tier networks of macrocell and small-size...

Due to the tremendous increase in mobile data traffic, there is a general trend toward the decentralization of mobile operator networks, at least to a certain extent. This shall be further facilitated with the virtualization of mobile network functions and the enabling of mobile cloud networking, whereby mobile networks are created on demand and in...

This paper introduces the concept of virtual cells in Time-Division Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) systems, which enables users residing in overlapping cells’ coverage regions to utilize resources from multiple base stations. The benefits of virtual cells are realized by the efficient resource utilization, via adapting the network resource availabili...

Recent advances in 3GPP for device-to-device (D2D) communications underlying the cellular infrastructure have revealed several benefits regarding network resource management and increased coverage. Notwithstanding these advantages, peer discovery may significant amount of device battery if devices need to constantly sense and notify each other irre...

Small cells are low cost solutions that address effectively the growing traffic demands, enhancing the capacity of Radio Access Networks (RANs) at particular locations. In this paper, we combine the attributes of carrier aggregation with multi-path transport considering a cell-less architecture introduced by virtual evolved NodeBs (eNBs) as establi...

This paper introduces the concept of dynamic Service Boost and proposes deployment solutions in mobile networks focusing on the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) architecture. The main idea is to introduce a time bound preferential service to subscribers based on predefined service contracts. By applying a light-weight, dynamic Quality of Service (QoS...

The increasing adoption of Machine Type Communication (MTC) applications using the Long Term Evolution (LTE) brings new challenges for the traditional bearer allocation and network management. MTC devices are high in number, each requiring an individual bearer for a short data transmission; an inefficient process considering the signaling and manag...

Enterprise femtocell networks provide connectivity for indoor users supporting enhanced capacity given traffic and Quality-of-Service (QoS) provision requirements. Their deployment is usually dense with the objective to serve peak hour demands. However, users do not enter or leave an indoor environment at the same time or use extensively the networ...

Software Defined Networks (SDN) is an emerging technology, which has the potentially to introduce tremendous changes on nowadays networks in terms of architecture design, deployment of new services and network management. SDN introduces decoupling of the control plain and data plane allowing a logical centralized management entity to control effici...

The demanding resource requirements of future cellular networks call for interference mitigation techniques that allow for the required network densification. These techniques, however, rely on the exchange of channel state information and user-related data, which consumes substantial backhaul resources. To exploit backhaul resources efficiently, a...

Local IP Access (LIPA) and Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO) are two topics currently of high interest to mobile network operators. They enable data traffic offload at appropriate points in the Radio Access Network in a highly cost-efficient manner. These technologies also have the potential to greatly increase system scalability and offer operat...

Energy efficiency in telecommunication networks is entering a maturing phase with several solutions proposed by the academic community. While energy specific standardization efforts are still in progress, certain bodies have been working towards advanced specifications including the 3GPP, ETSI, IEEE, IETF and ITU-T. However, a system and service pe...

There is a general trend towards the decentralization of mobile operator networks. Such network decentralization will not be efficient without rethinking mobility management schemes, particularly for users moving for a long distance and/or at a high speed (e.g., vehicles). To support such highly mobile users, this paper introduces a data anchor gat...

Energy efficiency is a significant requirement for the design and management of mobile networks and has recently gained substantial attention from both network operators and the research community. The general concept of energy saving management aims to match the capacity offered by operators to the actual demand at given times and geographic areas...

This paper contains a taxonomy of techniques for monitoring the energy consumption of electronic devices in communication networks. It furthermore presents a prototype that implements a combination of several techniques and derive a set of key implications for a productive monitoring platform.

In the Evolved Packet System, service resiliency can be heavily impacted by a node failure in its control plane. Ensuring service resiliency in EPS via defining efficient and proactive restoration mechanisms is of vital importance. In this paper, we address the case of MME failure. We propose schemes for MME failure detection and restoration consid...

This paper proposes relay specific self-organized functions to optimize the Donor eNB (DeNB) selection upon alternating load and mobility conditions or when specific donors are out of operation due to failure. Initially, we identify the main parameters that influence such donor selection process introducing the inter-DeNB handover and the re-config...

In this paper, we consider the Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO) approach to handle increased data traffic of both local and macro-cellular networks. We devise different approaches based on operator defined offload policies on a per destination domain name basis, which offer operators fine-grained control of whether a new IP connection should be...

Energy saving management aims to match the capacity offered by operators to the actual traffic demand at off-peak times when the network load under-utilizes the maximum capacity dimension. Such a process is relatively complex in cellular infrastructures since mobility and user activity patterns may create load fluctuations. This paper introduces en...

Base stations (BSs) are the main energy expenditure elements of cellular networks, considering the high coverage requirements and the fact that the total provisioned capacity is intended to match peak hour traffic demand. In this paper, we introduce energy saving algorithms based on coordination between network elements. We introduce the notion of...

The aim of future IP-based wireless communications is to provide mobile users access to the desired service with the appropriate quality at any place. Besides mobility support and QoS provision, the increase of wireless heterogeneous access is equally significant for fulfilling such a vision. This increase of wireless access is associated with expa...

Future wireless communications are expected to provide mobile users access to the desired service with the appropriate quality at any place. The essential elements for assembling such a vision are mobility, quality of service (QoS) provision and scalability, which are expected to be merged into the design process of wireless access networks. Intern...

A novel autonomic area reconfiguration mechanism is proposed to manage the hierarchical arrangement of routing protocols in wireless access networks.The reconfiguration mechanism monitors the traffic and mobility patterns to identify symptoms, which indicate a poor existing area partition. A re-partition algorithm is invoked on demand with the obje...

A novel autonomic area reconfiguration mechanism is proposed that complements hierarchical QoSR protocols in wireless access networks. The proposed mechanism revises the border between adjacent areas based on handover rates and on resource consumption in terms of bandwidth and user population. Its objectives are concentrated on reducing the overhea...

A novel hierarchical QoS routing (HQoSR) protocol is proposed to perform adaptive area re-partition in wireless access networks. In its core, a re-partition algorithm is invoked either when traffic concentrated by the area borders cause excessive inter area handover rate or when the load imbalance between neighboring areas cause congestion and inef...

As wireless networks move towards the IP-based solution, Quality of Service (QoS) becomes a major issue for the support of real-time multimedia applications. QoS Routing (QoSR) enhance the capabilities of Differentiated Services (DiffServ) in a local domain by offering better service to end users, optimizing the network resource usage and improving...