K. P. S. Rana

Netaji Subhas University of Technology · Instrumentation and Control Engineering

This work investigates the medical image denoising (MID) application of the dual denoising network (DudeNet) model for chest X-ray (CXR). The DudeNet model comprises four components: a feature extraction block with a sparse mechanism, an enhancement block, a compression block, and a reconstruction block. The developed model uses residual learning t...

Fake News Detection (FND) is an essential field in natural language processing that aims to identify and check the truthfulness of significant claims in a news article to decide the news veracity. FND finds its uses in preventing social, political, and national damage caused due to the misrepresentation of facts that may harm a particular section o...

Working of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) can be described using Dynamic Gas Transport Model or Polarization Curve Model. Majorly, researchers have employed the latter for investigations on control applications. To carry out scientific advancements, one requires a suitable model of PEMFC for theoretical studies. In this review, several...

Fake News Detection (FND) is an essential field in natural language processing that aims to identify and check the truthfulness of major claims in a news article to decide the news veracity. FND finds its uses in preventing social, political and national damage caused due to misrepresentation of facts which may harm a certain section of society. Fu...

Non-holonomic wheeled mobile robots (WMRs) are highly uncertain, multi-input multi-output (MIMO), non-linear dynamic systems that are expected to perform under varying environment and structural reservations. An Adaptive Fractional Order Parallel Fuzzy Proportional-Integral-Derivative (AFO−PFPID) controller is proposed and investigated on WMR to me...

Speech emotion recognition (SER) plays a crucial role in improving the quality of man–machine interfaces in various fields like distance learning, medical science, virtual assistants, and automated customer services. A deep learning-based hierarchical approach is proposed for both unimodal and multimodal SER systems in this work. Of these, the audi...

Several applications of complex-valued networks have been reported for computer vision tasks like image processing and classification. However, complex-valued convolutional neural networks are yet to be explored for medical image denoising. In this paper, a novel complex-valued convolutional neural network-based model, termed as CVMIDNet, is invest...

Generally, the process industry is affected by unwanted fluctuations in control loops arising due to external interference, components with inherent nonlinearities or aggressively tuned controllers. These oscillations lead to production of substandard products and thus affect the overall profitability of a plant. Hence, timely detection of oscillat...

A MEMS Capacitive Accelerometer (MEMSCA) is an analog differential type capacitive transducer which is generally employed for the measurement of acceleration. Due to limited input range and bandwidth, it offers a restricted open-loop performance. Additionally, its parameters such as mass and spring constant are also subjected to considerable manufa...

A single-link flexible joint manipulator (SLFJM) is a highly complex and nonlinear system and therefore, design of a controller for such a system has always been a challenging task. Evidently, the backstepping control technique has provided one of the simplest and most advantageous way of controlling a completely known nonlinear system as it is a s...

In this research work, we build a new 5D hyperchaos four-wing system with three quadratic nonlinear terms. Since the new 5D system has no rest point, it has hidden attractor. It is shown that the new 5D hyperchaos four-wing system has multistability with coexisting hyperchaos attractors. Using the backstepping control method, we achieve global hype...

In this chapter, a backstepping controller is presented for a nonlinear active suspension system (ASS) of a quarter car model. The quarter car is a highly uncertain system as the number of occupants may vary. The ride comfort of the passengers can be improved by minimizing the root mean square of the vertical acceleration (RMSVA) of the sprung mass...

A famous 3D system for temperature variations in the eastern and western parts of the equatorial ocean was modeled by Vallis (1986). The Vallis model is known to have significance for describing the global weather climate patterns. In this research work, we build a 4D hyperchaos temperature variation system by means of introducing a state feedback...

Nature has given us a large amount of energy in different forms because the law of energy conversion declares that it is already there and neither created nor destroyed, rather transformed and transferred only in another form. Scientists in the field are conducting numerous studies on sustainable resources to compensate for traditional fuels runnin...

This chapter presents the development of a fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. The FOPID controller is deployed using a general control strategy wherein the DC/DC converter's duty cycle is guided to attain the MPPT. The MPPT performance of the FOPID is assessed b...

This book chapter presents two novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for photovoltaic (PV) panels. The two corresponding techniques are a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller with compensation. The second one is a fractional-order terminal sliding mode control (FOTSMC) for MPPT purposes. The first part...

This chapter presents a dynamic neural-wavelet network with online parameter adjusting by a dissipation approach for the solar irradiation and solar daily hours forecast. The main idea of the results shown in this study is based on the design of a dynamic wavelet neural network considered a discrete dynamic system to ensure stability and accuracy i...

With increasing links in a manipulator system, efficacy and usefulness are enhanced along with the complexity. In this paper, a fractional-order self-tuned fuzzy PID (FOSTFPID) controller is investigated to control a highly nonlinear, coupled multi-input multi-output, three-link rigid robotic manipulator system. The performance of FOSTFPID controll...

This paper presents a novel metaheuristic algorithm named as life choice-based optimizer (LCBO) developed on the typical decision-making ability of humans to attain their goals while learning from fellow members. LCBO is investigated on 29 popular benchmark functions which included six CEC-2005 functions, and its performance has been benchmarked ag...

Stiction induced oscillations has always attracted attention of researchers as it induces limit cycles. The problem is further enhanced in the presence of significant measurement noise component and frequent variations in setpoint of inner flow control loop, usually present in ratio control. To suppress these unwanted oscillations a nonlinear contr...

Oscillations in control loops are very common and primarily responsible for product quality variations and therefore may reduce profitability of the plant. Further, there can also be multiple oscillations at the same time due to multiple sources such as improper tuned controllers, disturbances and nonlinearity etc. Detection and estimation of oscil...

This study comments on a manuscript “Important notes on parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic cell”, [Energy conversion and management, 2019.111870.] [1] introduced by Gnetchejo et al. It is noteworthy that, in [1], an another approach is proposed for computing the objective function; root mean square error (RMSE) computations that depends on...

The integrated power system (IPS) uses various autonomous generation and energy storage systems like aqua electrolyzer, battery, diesel engine, flywheel, fuel cell, solar photovoltaic, ultracapacitor, wind turbine, etc. These may be switched on/off and may run at higher/lower power outputs, at different times. Additionally, IPS is also subjected to...

The goal of this work is to investigate the application of integral minus proportional derivative (IPD) controller for the automatic generation control (AGC) problem comprising of a two-area thermal system integrated with renewable energy (RE) based sources such as wind, solar and fuel cells. In order to facilitate a realistic environment, each the...

In signal processing applications, it is often required to have multi-notch filters (MNFs) which simultaneously possess an excellent quality factor, ‘Q’, and a brief transient response. Though, the duration of transient response can be improved by decreasing ‘Q’ which, however, also degrades the quality of the filter. Due to their contradictory nat...

Precise modelling of fuel cells is very important for understanding their functioning. In this work, an application of hybrid interior search algorithm (HISA) is proposed to extract the parameters of fuel cells for their electromechanical equations based on nonlinear current‐voltage characteristics. Proposed hybridised algorithm has been developed...

A self-regulated fractional-order fuzzy proportional–integral–derivative (SRFOFPID) controller is proposed to control a highly non-linear, complex and coupled 3-link planar rigid robotic manipulator in a virtual industrial environment. Industrial environment was simulated by introducing different kind of disturbances in the system and sensor noise....

Due to rise in solar energy applications, research in Photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasingly taking precedence. Ideally, one requires an accurate model of the PV based cell/module so as to theoretically investigate the performances of various control schemes. In this work, a novel hybridized optimizer, hybridized interior search algorithm (HISA)...

At any operating condition, there is only one maximum power point (MPP) where proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is desired to operate. For this task, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is generally employed. In this paper, a novel and simple [Formula presented] feedback based control scheme, employing Grey wolf optimizer (GWO...

Oscillations in control loops pose a serious challenge to control engineers. Oscillations may even destabilize the control loops which in turn create a serious threat to the overall safety and efficiency of plant. Further, there could be thousands of control loops and manually observing each one of them is impossible. Therefore, automatic oscillati...

Oscillations in process control loops present a serious threat to normal functioning of plant as they lead to product quality variations, fast wear and tear of plant components, possible loss of human lives and property. As a result, overall profitability of the plant gets compromised. To cater to these issues automatic detection of plant wide cont...

In this paper, a self-tuned robust fractional order fuzzy proportional derivative (FO-FPD) controller is proposed for nonlinear active suspension system of a quarter car. Quarter car is a highly uncertain system as the number of riders or payload may vary. The control objective is to improve the level of ride comfort by minimizing the root mean squ...

An intelligent adaptive fuzzy logic control technique, Fractional Order Self Organizing Fuzzy Controller (FOSOFC) is presented and applied to control a two link planar electrically-driven rigid robotic (EDRR) manipulator system. As EDRR is a multi-input multi-output complex nonlinear system, an intelligent adaptive controller, FOSOFC is considered...

In this paper, a robust fractional order fuzzy proportional derivative plus fractional order integrator (FOFPD+FOI) control structure is proposed to effectively control a nonlinear, coupled, multi-input multi-output, electrically driven three-link rigid robotic manipulator (EDRRM) system. The FOFPD+FOI controller is realized by using non-integer or...

A two link planar rigid robotic manipulator is a highly nonlinear, coupled and multi-input multi-output system. For its effective control, an intelligent adaptive fractional order fuzzy sliding mode proportional integral and derivative controller (FOFSMCPID) has been presented in this work. Sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed by using exponen...

This paper proposes a novel application of Nonlinear Proportional-Integral-Derivative (NPID) controller to effectively attain Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed controller is based on the basic structure of the PID controller wherein, its integral term gain is varied at run time according to instantaneous...

In the present work, a converter employing two noncascading structures, combined in a single circuit, is presented. The power stored by the storage element is transferred to two subconverters by means of two storage capacitors that complement each other. The stress on the main power switch is of interest as it reduces as the load falls, which in tu...

Tank level systems are ubiquitous in process industries and exhibit a nonlinear nature. This nonlinear behaviour arises prominently due to nonlinear dependence of outflow rate on tank level and/or due to presence of other nonlinear elements in loop such as nonlinear actuators. It is essential to completely investigate the dynamics of system so as t...

In a recent work, (Narayana and Kumar, Development of an intelligent temperature transducer, IEEE Sensor J., vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 4696–4703, 2016), an intelligent Temperature to Frequency Converter (TFC) for thermistors, in an input temperature range of 0°C – 100°C, has been reported. In this work, a 555-timer based Signal Conditioning Circuit (SCC...

Temperature to Frequency Converters (TFCs) are potential signal conditioning circuits (SCCs) usually employed in temperature measurements using thermistors. A NE/SE-566 based SCC has been recently used in several reported works as TFC. Application of NE/SE-566 based SCC requires a mechanism for finding the optimal values of SCC parameters yielding...

This paper presents fixed point operation based FPGA implementation of Steinhart-Hart Equation (SHHE) for thermistor linearization. FPGA implementation issues of SHHE are presented and their solutions are proposed and experimentally validated in a LabVIEWTM environment. Experimental temperature calibration, performed using a M/S Fluke drywell calib...

With the characteristic of a photovoltaic (PV) system being nonlinear, extracting maximum power from it has always been a challenging task. To extract maximum power from a PV system, its operating point needs to be maintained at the maximum power point throughout its operation. This process is called maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The classic...

One of the common and widely appearing problem in the process industry is stiction in pneumatic control valves. It introduces oscillations in control loops which in turn results into variations in product quality, instability in control loops and increases the wear and tear of the control valve. In this paper, a novel way of modeling of pneumatic c...

In this work, a novel application of ant lion optimizer (ALO) has been presented for adaptive identification of infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. ALO is a nature-inspired, population-based, gradient-free meta-heuristic algorithm. It works based on the interaction between antlions and ants and uses Roulette wheel for selection of fitter antli...

In many applications of notch filters, high quality factor and short transient duration are simultaneously desired. Being contradictory in nature these two requirements pose design challenges. This paper presents an innovative application of a hyperbolic tangent sigmoid (HTS) function to vary the time-varying pole-radius (TVPR) of the pole-zero-con...

In this chapter, a fractional order fuzzy PD controller with grey predictor (FOFPD-GP) is presented for effective control of a moving cart inverted pendulum. FOFPD-GP was tuned with the help of Genetic Algorithm for minimum settling time and its performance has been assessed using Integral of Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral of Square Error (ISE)....

Over the years, several forms of sliding mode control (SMC), such as conventional SMC, terminal SMC (TSMC) and fuzzy SMC (FSMC) have been developed to cater to the control needs of complex, non-linear and uncertain systems. However, the chattering phenomenon in conventional SMC and the singularity errors in TSMC make the application of these scheme...

The main contribution of this chapter is to demonstrate the sensor and controller noise suppression capabilities of the best tuned Fractional Order-Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (FO-PID) and classical PID controllers in closed-loop. A complex non-linear and coupled system, a 2-link rigid planar manipulator was considered for the study...

Recently, Kumar et al. [1] have reported an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based linearization technique for Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) thermistor circuit. In this work ANN was used to linearize the frequency output of VCO, driven by the voltage across thermistor, for an input temperature range of 0 °C-100 °C. Performance of the developed...

One of the most elementary concepts in freshmen Electrical Engineering subject comprises the Resistance–Inductance–Capacitance (RLC) circuit fundamentals, that is, their time and frequency domain responses. For a beginner, generally, it is difficult to understand and appreciate the step and the frequency responses, particularly the resonance. This...

In a recent work, Kumar et al. have presented design and modeling of an intelligent temperature to frequency converter (TFC) for thermistor in the input temperature range of 0°C – 100°C (Measurement, 85 (2016) 54-64),. In this work, a 555-timer based a signal conditioning circuit (SCC) was employed as TFC. Linearity, between the input temperature a...

In order to carry out precise performance investigations and control studies on photovoltaic (PV) systems an accurate model is always desired. In this work, a new and powerful metaheuristic optimization technique known as Evaporation Rate based Water Cycle Algorithm (ER-WCA) has been explored for effective parameters estimation of PV cell/module. S...

The main contribution of this work is to reveal that the Footprint of Uncertainty (FOU) in Type-2 (T2) Fuzzy Logic Sets (FLS) have a great impact on the system performance and the uncertainty caused by sensor noise can be effectively suppressed by properly setting the value of FOU. As a case study, in this paper, a novel technique for sensor noise...

In this paper, five popular linearization techniques, namely, look up table (LUT), piecewise linearization (PWL), polynomial interpolation (PLI), artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) have been investigated on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) for thermistor linearization. Relative FPGA resource requi...

In this paper, a Flyback-Forward converter employing a non-cascading scheme is presented in discontinuous conduction mode. The converter is designed to enhance the duty ratio of over 50%. As a result, the flyback sub-converter acts in boost mode and generates stepped-up output voltage. Since the switch utilization is required to be as high as possi...

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that fractional order operators (differentiator/integrator) can increased the robustness of an intelligent controller. In this paper, a nonlinear adaptive fractional order fuzzy proportional integral derivative (NLA – FOFPID) controller is presented to control a nonlinear, coupled, multi-input and...

Sharma et al. have investigated the performance of two-layered fractional order fuzzy logic controller (TL-FOFLC) for a 2-link rigid planer robotic manipulator with payload. In this work, the performance of TL-FOFLC has been compared with two-layered FLC (TL-FLC), single-layered FLC (SL-FLC) and the conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PI...

This paper presents a Teacher Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) approach to tune the backstepping controller for effective control of a single-link flexible-joint manipulator. To assess the relative performance of TLBO, comparative studies have been carried out with the two other popular optimization techniques namely genetic algorithm and cuckoo...

In this work, an application of constrained genetic algorithm (CGA) based optimization approach has been explored for design of low pass and high pass finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters. To accomplish the task of optimal filter design, a novel constraint function has been proposed and integrated with the fitness function in CGA environme...

Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is one of the latest evolutionary algorithms (EAs) inspired by the natural process of pollination of flowers. This Paper addresses the development of FPA toolkit in LabVIEW™, a versatile platform provided by National Instruments for test, measurement and control applications. It may be noted that LabVIEW™ has prov...

Temperature to frequency converters (TFC) have been used as thermistor signal conditioning circuit (SCC) and linearization. Many TFC have been proposed by the researchers out of which 7555 timer based SCC has been employed in several applications. The application of 7555 timer based SCC demands a method for generating the optimal circuit parameters...

Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and Ant Lion optimization (ALO) algorithm have been explored in this work to optimize the gains of Fractional Order Fuzzy Sliding Mode Proportional Derivative Controller (FOFSMCPD). The controller has been applied to control a highly nonlinear and coupled multi-input multi-output system, i.e. a two link planar rigid ro...

This paper presents an application of grey predictor with a fuzzy controller for effective control of a moving cart inverted pendulum. A comparative study between PID; fuzzy PD (FPD) controller and a fuzzy PD controller with grey predictor (FPD-GP) has been carried out to assess the relative performance of the developed controller for the attained...

Proportional and derivative kick i.e., a large change in control action of a proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller due to a sudden change in reference set-point is generally undesired in process industry. Therefore, the structure of conventional parallel PID controller is modified to integral minus proportional derivative (I-P...

In this paper, a robust fractional order fuzzy P + fuzzy I + fuzzy D (FOFP + FOFI + FOFD) controller is presented for a nonlinear and uncertain 2-link planar rigid manipulator. It is a nonlinear fuzzy controller with variable gains that makes it selfadjustable or adaptive in nature. The fractional order operators further make it more robust by prov...

Robotic manipulators are complex multi-input multiple output systems finding lots of application in industries. Controlling such a complex system always has been an area of research owing to the inherent nonlinearities. In this work, a comparative study of Fuzzy Proportional Integral Derivative (FPID) and Self Organizing Fuzzy Controller (SOFC), ap...

Among various nonlinear systems, parameter identification of chaotic systems turns out to be a very challenging task because of their complex and unpredictable nature. The control and synchronization of chaotic systems remains incomplete until the parameters of the chaotic systems are known. Traditionally, the trend has been to estimate the paramet...

Concept of fractional order calculus is as old as the regular calculus. With the advent of high speed and cost effective computing power, now it is possible to model the real world control and signal processing problems using fractional order calculus. For the past two decades, applications of fractional order calculus, in system modeling, control...

In this paper, a novel scheme is proposed for speed control of highly nonlinear hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) having an electronic throttle control system (ETCS) in the cascade control loop. Fractional order fuzzy PD (FOFPD) and fractional order fuzzy PI (FOFPI) nonlinear controllers are developed and used as primary and secondary controllers, resp...

In present paper, a non-cascading converter is presented. It is very useful as far as overall efficiency of the converter is concerned. Here the input power is transferred to the load through a non-cascading scheme employed on the secondary side of an isolation transformer. It requires the intermediate capacitor of lower ratings and at the same tim...

Robotic manipulator is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO), highly nonlinear and coupled system. Controlling this system always has been a challenging task for control engineers. In this paper, sliding mode control (SMC) technique utilizing Proportional and Derivative (PD) surface with different reaching laws has been applied on a two-link planar rig...

A comparative study of the performance of three optimization techniques, namely Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA), Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), is presented in this paper for tuning the gains of Self Organizing Fuzzy Controller (SOFC) applied to a two link planar rigid robotic manipulator. SOFC is an intelligent adapti...

This paper presents an application of self-tuning Fuzzy PI controller (STFPIC) in velocity form (VF) and position form (PF) to control the jacketed Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) in a cascade configuration. CSTR is a highly non-linear process and requires non-conventional intelligent control techniques for stable and efficient operations. S...

This paper presents a comparative study of Backstepping controllers based on Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) and Quadratic Lyapunov Function (QLF) for stabilising the vertical displacement of a quarter car active suspension system. Hard constraints of the suspension system such as suspension travel, dynamic tyre load and actuator saturation are mai...