K. MA

Tianjin University | tju · School of Microelectronics

With the continuous updates of wireless communication systems and the emergence of various application requirements, more and more wireless communication devices are appearing in our daily life and production work. Meanwhile, the spaces they exist in are not isolated from each other. Therefore, in the increasingly complex electromagnetic environmen...

As another essential class of antennas, the end-fire antenna has been widely used because of the feature that the maximum radiation direction is parallel to the antenna plane. Dipole antennas, Yagi-Uda antennas, and Vivaldi antennas are basic categories of end-fire antennas. In this chapter, we summarized currently representative substrate integrat...

Transmission lines are the most basic components of microwave and millimeter-wave circuits and systems. The size and performance of circuits and systems will be affected by the size, loss, transmission and other characteristics of the structure. Non-planar transmission lines include metal waveguides, coaxial lines, and suspended strip lines, and pl...

As an important class of antennas, the broadside antenna has been widely used because of the feature that the maximum radiation direction of broadside antennas is vertical to broadside antennas. Patch antennas and slot antennas are two basic categories of broadside antennas. In this chapter, we summarized currently representative substrate integrat...

The characteristic mode analysis (CMA), since its evolution in the early 1960s, has vigorously gained momentum recently in the antenna community. The characteristic modes (CMs) pioneered by Garbacz made the following observations: (1) The CMs share the orthogonality properties of spherical wave functions. The only difference is the CMs apply to the...

The feeding network is an essential part of the antenna array, which has importance influence on the radiation characteristic and impedance matching of antenna array. The feeding network can realize the power distribution and multi-band operation of antenna array. This chapter will introduce some SISL antenna array feeding networks, which include S...

In recent years, due to the increasing number of traffic accidents, millimeter-wave automotive radar system has been widely studied. 24 and 77 GHz bands have become the development trend of future automotive radars. SISL is an excellent platform for high-performance radar antenna design with low-lost and low-loss characteristics.

With the rapid development of modern communications, there is an increasing demand for portable mobile devices. Dielectric resonators designed using low loss (and high dielectric constant materials are widely used in filters and oscillators. As Q ≈ 1/tan δ shows, these dielectric resonators have a high quality factor of Q. On the other hand, if a d...

This letter presents a compact fully differential branch‐line coupler. It is composed of folded substrate integrated suspended parallel strip line (SISPSL), which can generate slow‐wave effect and help reduce the circuit size. The used SISPSL type line is a fusion of double‐sided parallel‐strip line (DSPSL) and substrate integrated suspended line (...

Gradient-based surrogate optimization usually has a fast convergence capability. However, it can be easily stuck in local minima, especially when the electromagnetic (EM) response of the starting point is far away from the design specification. This article proposes a novel feature and EM sensitivity coassisted neuro-transfer function (TF) surrogat...

This brief presents an all-NMOS RF-DC rectifier with a wide high power conversion efficiency (high-PCE) input power range by utilizing gate voltage boosting technique (GVBT). The all-NMOS architecture combines the benefits of cross-coupled and GVBT-based diode-like rectifiers for maximum electron mobility and reduced the conduction losses. The GVBT...

A 23–44-GHz broadband vector-sum 6-bit phase shifter with Gm-boosted CG-Gilbert structure and a variable gain amplifier (VGA) in 55-nm CMOS process were presented. In PS, the CG-Gilbert structure with Gm-boosted capacitors was proposed to achieve broadband input matching. Dummy switch arrays and interstage inductors were utilized to reduce phase va...

A bidirectional multi-beam transmit-reflect-array (TRA) antenna has been proposed for the space-air-ground-sea integrated network (SAGSIN). The TRA consists of alternating transmission and reflection elements, and its aperture phase distribution comprises focusing and periodic phases. The combination of different transmission and reflection apertur...

This letter presents a 0.5–4.5-GHz ( $L$ -/ $S$ -band) watt-level single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch in 0.13- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS SOI technology from the GlobalFoundries (GF). This letter investigates the feasible methods to improve the power handling capacity of the FET switches circuits and analyzes the adopted structure of stacked FETs wi...

This letter presents a broadband compact watt-level high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) in 0.35-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. A four-way triple-tank-based power combiner is introduced and theoretically analyzed in detail with the consideration of the undesired inductor in the third tank. The coupling coefficient and the uncoupling resonant frequencies o...

This letter presents a 77-GHz low conversion loss single balanced fundamental mixer based on the substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) platform. The accurate 3-D EM model of the MA4E2038 Schottky diode is established to characterize the parasitic effects and perform the impedance extraction. At room temperature, the minimum measured conversion...

This paper presents a broadband, high linearity 7‐bit digital step attenuator (DSA) using a low‐cost bonding wire package. Capacitive compensation technique is proposed to offset the deterioration of attenuation accuracy and operating bandwidth caused by the parasitic parameters of the bonding wire and switching transistors. And the negative voltag...

In this article, a scalable knowledge-based neural network (KBNN) large-signal model of gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with accurate trapping and self-heating effects characterization is developed. An improved empirical drain current model is proposed and added to the neural network as prior knowledge, thereby esta...

A reconfigurable injection-locked local oscillator (RE-ILO) generator that leverages a multitanks wideband-harmonic-shaping Class-F $_{23}$ voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a RE injection-locked frequency multiplier (RE-ILFM), and a power-efficient injection-locked frequency amplifier (ILFA) for multiple fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (...

This paper introduces a substrate integrated H -plane horn antenna with phase-corrected structures. The quadratic curves etched on the horn aperture improve the impedance matching and the gain performance. The quasi-uniform phase distribution is achieved by the phase-corrected structure which consists of the quadratic curves and metallized via-ho...

In this letter, high selectivity bandpass filters (BPFs) using folded stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) are proposed based on substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) platform. It is easy to change the position of transmission zeros (TZs) by controlling the strength of electric/magnetic coupling, separately. Also, the structure is compact with...

This letter presents a 2.45 GHz power amplifier (PA) with coupled bonding-wires-based harmonic control output matching network (OMN) using gallium arsenide (GaAs) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology. The proposed four-mutual coupled bonding-wires tune the impedance of the second harmonic to improve the efficiency of PA and achieve th...

This article is mainly to investigate the responsivity ( R_v ) and noise equivalent power (NEP) performance of a 2.58 THz complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) detector under transistor parasitic capacitance effect between the gate-source and the gate-drain with different gate-source distances. The capacitance effect of the tran...

Since the first demonstrations of radio-frequency (RF) circuits, the physics of the electromagnetic (EM) field and its regulation and control with codesigned circuits, have become essential competencies of RF circuit designers. Leveraging advanced regulation or control methods, numerous high-performance circuits have been developed at RF and millim...

This letter presents a high-linearity single-pole five-throw switch implemented in a 0.13-μm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process. In order to improve the linearity of switch, the uniform voltage division across the stacked-FETs is obtained by the proposed structure, which employs a resistive biasing network as well as compensation technology of...

This paper presents a slow‐wave substrate integrated suspended parallel strip line (SW‐SISPSL) for the first time. The slow‐wave effect is produced by cascading high/low‐impedance SISPSL in the meander line configuration. Different from conventional single‐ended slow‐wave transmission lines, the proposed SW‐SISPSL supports differential signal trans...

In this brief, a novel strategy is proposed to design miniaturized self-packaged filter based on the proposed metasubstrate in substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) platform. Multi-layer SISL and periodic metasubstrate structures contribute to the miniaturization and self-packaging of second- and fourth-order quarter-wavelength hairpin filters...

This article analyzes the 2nd-order harmonic power generation with power level boosted by fundamental and 3rd-order harmonic based on the Krummenacher–Vittoz (EKV) models. The optimal waveforms of fundamental and 3rd-order harmonic are derived for maximizing the 2nd-order harmonic power. Adopting this method, a class-F frequency doubler in a 55-nm...

This brief presents a power-efficient open-loop operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) topology for sensing applications. Reconfigurable tail-resistor (RTR) technology is proposed to achieve exceptional odd-order harmonic distortion while maintaining excellent energy-efficiency to meet the different application needs of sensors. The key to ac...

A multiple tri-beam low scanning loss millimeter-wave (mmW) transmissive metasurface antenna for wide-angle coverage is proposed. The aperture phase distribution of the proposed metasurface is the superposition of the focusing phase and the periodic phase. Theoretical studies show that the size of the periodic phase element determines the direction...

This letter reports a 71–77-GHz E-band single-chip front end (SCFE) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) designed and implemented in a 0.13- $\mu $ m gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) process. The SCFE successfully integrates a four-stage power amplifier (PA), a five-stage low noise amplifier (LNA), and a sin...

This letter presents a fully integrated bandpass dual-way differential power amplifier (PA) implemented using 0.5- $\mu $ m GaAs pHEMT technology for C-band application. A compact distributed-active-transformer (DAT) filtering combiner is utilized in the PA to trigger promoted harmonic suppression. Additional transmission zero of the combiner is f...

This letter presents a 28-GHz high-power four-way differential Doherty power amplifier (PA) in 55-nm bulk CMOS technology. A transformer-based hybrid load-modulated combiner (HLMC) (i.e., a parallel combined series-load-modulated Doherty output network) is proposed to simultaneously achieve high output power, low-loss power combining, and a true-Do...

A broadband gain-enhanced monopole antenna loaded with metasurface is designed in this paper, which is suitable for sub-6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) applications. The multi-circle sectored metasurface antenna is analyzed through the evolution process and field distribution. With the addition of the metasurface, the antenna’s relative bandwidth is in...

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As the core carrier of information storage, a semiconductor memory device is a basic product with a large volume that is widespread in the integrated circuit industry. With the rapid development of semiconductor manufacturing processes and materials, the internal structure of memory has gradually shifted from a 2D planar packaging structure to a 3D...

A dual‐core voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) using harmonic resonance is presented in this letter. Without an additional switch capacitor bank, harmonic resonance implemented in VCO is realized by only a single control voltage, satisfying the requirement of frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar. Two pairs of varactors are added to the transf...

This article presents a low‐phase noise negative resistance oscillator using the dual‐cavity resonator (DCR) based on substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) technology. Two air cavities are stacked without increasing the footprint areas of the oscillator. A coupling hole is introduced to realize weak coupling between the two air cavities. The D...

In this letter, a multi-compressed-high-order mode dipole antenna with wide-beam coverage and high-gain radiations in two respective sub-6 GHz bands is proposed. The capacitors and inductors are loaded at the current distribution nulls of the fifth-order mode of the dipole arms. The loading brings the resonant frequencies of the third- and the seve...

In this brief, an innovative divide-by-4 injectionlocked frequency divider (ILFD) is hereby proposed to expand the locking range (LR) and improve the harmonic rejection ratio (HRR). Specifically, a fourth-order transformer-based resonator is adopted to improve the LR without any additional tuning capacitors, and a dual-tank network is proposed to o...

Multimode resonators (MMRs) can be utilized to build multiband bandpass filters (MBPFs). Each individual mode serves as the operating mode for one of the passbands in a well-known coupling topology. However, several difficulties are involved with the classical design method. In this article, we present a novel star-like topology to design MBPFs bas...

This letter reports a broadband low-noise amplifier (LNA) with input-referred noise reduction and coupled-inductive-peaking technique in a CMOS technology. First, a combination of resistive-feedback and inductive-degeneration technique is proposed to mitigate the input-referred noise. The high-frequency noise currents generated by the feedback resi...

An integration of single-layer proximity-coupling patch antenna and solar cells with bandwidth enhancement and optical energy harvesting is proposed for sustainable communication. For this purpose, many dual-function components are selected for designing the miniaturized solar cell antenna. On the one hand, by greatly affecting the current flow of...

This paper presents a fully-integrated 500MHz single-switch resonant boost converter using heterogeneous integrated gallium nitride (GaN) and Si-CMOS. Seeking for high-level of integration with watt-level power delivering capabilities, the high-speed driver circuitries are implemented in Si-CMOS with customized on-chip inductors while the power swi...

This letter presented a wideband 24–30-GHz upconversion mixer with distributed baluns implemented in a 0.13- $\boldsymbol{\mu}$ m SiGe bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) technology. Distributed-balun-based networks (DBBNs) based on patchy conjugacy of varying-impedance matching are used for good gain flatness and sideband rej...

A Ku-band low-phase noise oscillator, using a weakly coupled cavities resonator (WCCR), is proposed based on substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) technology. Different from using a bandpass filter as the frequency selector for the feedback oscillator, we use weak coupling between resonators to form a resonator with a higher $Q$ . The theore...

This letter presents a quad-operation-mode tunable bandpass filter (BPF) using substrate integrated suspended line (SISL). The filter combines separate electric and magnetic coupling paths (SEMCP) with varactor loaded, which realizes the tuning of frequency and bandwidth. Source–load coupling and stub loaded are introduced to filter to increase the...

A filtering antenna based on the Substrate Integrated Suspended Line (SISL) platform applied for the n78 band of 5G is presented in this paper. The antenna has a segmented feed line, a rectangular driven patch etched with a double I-slot, and a squared stacked patch with grooves at the edges of both sides. The etched slots and the stacked patch int...

In this paper, a novel wideband substrate integrated suspended parallel strip line (SISPSL) to differential shielded grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) transition is proposed. By embedding the traditional double‐side parallel‐strip line inside multilayer boards, SISPSL has the advantage of self‐packaging and there is almost no radiation loss. SISPS...

This paper presents the synthesis and design of multiband bandpass filters (MBPFs) with in-line topology. The coupled-line coupling structures are employed to achieve multi-channel responses and compact footprint. Two different approaches are developed in this research to implement coupled-line MBPFs based on frequency transformation methods. The f...

This paper presents an analysis method to design quad‐band bandpass filters (BPFs) based on the mixed frequency transformation method. The frequency mapping technique is employed to obtain the design parameters by defining the frequency ranges of each passband. By using the proposed approach, the resonant angular frequencies and susceptance slope p...

This article proposes a compact low‐pass filter (LPF) using a miniaturized capacitor, and honeycomb cavity based on the substrate integrated suspended line platform. A new method for miniaturizing capacitors is proposed, and simultaneously honeycomb cavities are adopted to extend the stopband. As a design case, a seven‐order quasi‐lumped‐element LP...

This paper presents a novel type of patch resonator suitable for the design of high selectivity in-line pseudoelliptic bandpass filters (BPFs) based on a substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) platform. The proposed structure is a rectangular patch resonator that allows the propagation of the fundamental mode and high order modes. By controllin...

This article proposes an advanced neuro-transfer function (neuro-TF) modeling method incorporating quadratic approximated vector fitting of parametric poles/residues extraction for electromagnetic (EM) parametric modeling of microwave components. In this technique, geometrical parameters are integrated into the vector fitting extraction process of...

This article presents a 5-bit capacitive-compensated low-phase-error passive attenuator for 2-to-7 GHz (S/C-Band) communication satellites. The attenuator adopts several cascaded switchable attenuation cells, in topologies of II-type, T-type, reduced-T type, bridged-T type, and capacitor-bridging II-type. To compensate the phase error during state...

This paper presents a 220-GHz five-stage differential amplifier in IHP SG13G2 0.13-lm BiCMOS technology. The differential amplifier employs multi-coupling inductors and transmission lines at the inter-stage to perform high-gain, high-robustness and miniaturization. The compact multi-coupling inductors used in the Gm-boosting technique and noise red...

This article presents a fully integrated high-power and high-efficiency $D$ -band power amplifier (PA) with two-way differential power combining in a 28-nm bulk CMOS process. The overall performance improvement is achieved mainly from three aspects. First, the effect of resistance brought by the actual matching network on performance above 100 GH...

This article proposes a lumped element filtering rat-race coupler (FRC) and its detailed analysis. In addition to the basic filtering and coupling function of general FRCs, the proposed FRC design can generate additional transmission zeros, and the FRC circuit is analyzed as an overall circuit rather than separated resonators and coupler. To provid...

In this article, a 2.4-GHz micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-based oscillator is designed and demonstrated based on $g_{\text{m}}$ -boosting Colpitts structure. A dynamic self-body-biasing scheme is proposed to shorten startup time without introducing any extra units or additional parasitics to the resonant tank. Darlington cell is also empl...

This paper presents a flat-top beam H-plane substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) horn antenna. The radiation from the SIW H-plane horn antenna aperture can be regarded as magnetic current radiation. To obtain the desired radiation patterns, the phase and amplitude distributions of magnetic current of the horn aperture can be calculated theoreticall...

This article proposes a novel electromagnetic (EM) parametric modeling approach using model-order reduction (MOR)-based neuro-impedance matrix transfer functions (neuro-IMTFs) for two-port microwave components. The IMTF replaces the impedance matrix response with a zero–pole–gain transfer function, which is directly derived from the finite element...

A Terahertz half-compressed elliptical Luneburg lens is designed on the basis of a transformation optic method. To expand the scanning angle range of the Luneburg lens with a planar focal plane, half compression is employed. The compressibility factor, focusing ability and beam-steering ability of the lens are investigated in theory. To verify the...

This study presents the phase setting method for a spherical conformal antenna array to achieve a wide beamwidth circularly polarized radiation pattern. A dodecahedral spherical array was fabricated and measured to validate the phase setting method. The array adopts a regular dodecahedron spatial distribution structure composed of 11 dual‐polarizat...

A non-uniform compressed high-order mode dipole with suppressed sidelobe is proposed and investigated. The main performance characteristics, such as directivity, sidelobe, and radiation resistance of a 3^rd-order mode dipole with two independent compression coefficients are fully investigated. The investigation shows that enhanced directi...