Jyotirmay Biswas

• MS, FAMS, FIC Path, FAICO
• Managing Director at Sankara Nethralaya

This review paper summaries the realization and updating of national standards of capacitance at CSIR-NPL. The capacitance standards maintained at CSIR-NPL are ranging from 10 pF to 1 mF with an uncertainty of 0.04 ppm to 300 ppm at 1 kHz. The capacitance measurement capabilities had been enhanced up to 30 MHz frequency with coaxial airlines and 4T...

Importance This was the first study, to the authors’ knowledge, to statistically evaluate the predictive accuracy of Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) calculator in guiding initiation of antitubercular therapy (ATT) in patients with clinically suspicious tubercular uveitis (TBU) in an international cohort. Objective To evaluate the ac...

MBBS, MS; Rupesh Agrawal, MMed, MD; for the Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) Group IMPORTANCE This was the first study, to the authors' knowledge, to statistically evaluate the predictive accuracy of Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) calculator in guiding initiation of antitubercular therapy (ATT) in patients with clinica...

The white dot syndromes are a group of phenotypically similar disorders characterized by multiple lesions at the level of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. Common white dot syndromes whose imaging modalities have been described in this article are multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pi...

Intermediate uveitis is defined as inflammation of the vitreous and pars planitis. Etiology can be infectious, associated with a systemic disease, neoplastic or idiopathic. Pars planitis is the term used for idiopathic intermediate uveitis that presents with snowballs and snowbanks. While relatively rare, intermediate uveitis is present globally an...

Purpose: To study and compare the clinical characteristics and outcome of ocular syphilis between HIV positive and HIV negative patients. Methods: Retrospective hospital-based case series from a tertiary eye care hospital in India. Patients with uveitis and positive syphilis serology were included. Demographics, clinical features, investigations...

Purpose To describe the treatment outcomes of adalimumab in noninfectious pediatric uveitis. Methods The electronic medical records of children with noninfectious uveitis were reviewed retrospectively. The visual improvement and ocular inflammation were assessed according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria before and after tre...

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare bilateral diffuse granulomatous intraocular inflammation, which occurs days or months following surgery or trauma to one eye. After penetrating ocular injuries and during intraocular surgery, the incidence of SO varies from 0.2% to 0.5% and 0.01%, respectively. Other risk factors include cyclodestructive operat...

Purpose: To report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Sphingomonas paucimobilis in a young male. Materials and methods: A retrospective case report. Results: A 25-year-old male presented with reduced vision in the right eye and recurrent past episodes of hypopyon uveitis. The right eye had vision of counting fingers close to the fa...

We present a case of CMV retinitis (CMVR) reactivation in a psoriasis patient on immunosuppressant therapy, which previously responded to intravitreal ganciclovir. However, upon reactivation, nonresponsiveness to the same drug was noticed and the patient was switched to intravitreal foscarnet treatment, resulting in complete resolution of retinitis...

An 8-year-old girl presented with unilateral panuveitis with a retinochoroidal lesion superior to disc with overlying vitritis. Laboratory workup was done, and a clinical diagnosis of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis was considered. Based on this initial diagnosis of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis empirically the patient was started on tablet clindamycin...

We describe a rare case of choroidal metastasis from myxoid liposarcoma of the gluteal region in a 62-year-old male patient. Metastasis developed 1.5 years after excision and radiotherapy of primary tumor. He presented with defective vision in the left eye with subretinal elevated mass lesion temporal and inferior to the macula with overlying retin...

Purpose To report the clinical pattern of surgically induced necrotizing scleritis (SINS) in a tertiary eye care center in Southern India. Methods Retrospective analysis of all SINS cases visiting the uveitis clinic of a tertiary eye institute between January 2009 and April 2019. Results In total, 15 patients with a median age of 65 (IQR:52–70) y...

Purpose: To evaluate the spectrum of uveitis occurring after 60 years of age in elderly patients who presented to a tertiary care eye center in India. Methods: Retrospective study of patients who visited a tertiary eye care institute between January 2010 and July 2020. Result: Eighty-seven patients developed uveitis after 60 years, with only 44.8...

Uveitis and its complications are more common in the developing world, in which the condition occurs in up to 714 per 100,000 in the population and accounts for up to 25% of all blindness. In India, the ophthalmic sub speciality of uveitis greatly evolved in the last four decades. In the early decades most of the studies were epidemiological studie...

Purpose: To describe a cohort of patients with retinal vasoproliferative tumours (RVPT) seen in the uveitis clinic of a single tertiary eye care institute in India. Methods: Retrospective Chart Review. Results: In our study of 17 patients with 18 eyes affected by RVPTs, 94.1% showed unilateral involvement, one patient had bilateral RVPTs, and...

We report an unusual case of intravitreal ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMVR) retinitis in a patient with psoriasis taking immunosuppressant medications, who responded to intravitreal foscarnet. A 37-year-old male patient presented with signs of CMVR (dense vitritis, retinal necrosis, and intra-retinal hemorrhages). He was resistant to tre...

We present two cases of bilateral multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis (MSC) in young children with latent tuberculosis infection. Vitritis was seen in both cases. Multiple recurrences were noticed over regular follow-up visits. Anti-tubercular treatment was advised along with oral corticosteroids and immunomodulatory drugs for better remission. Swep...

Purpose To report the uveitic manifestations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods This was a retrospective analysis of all SLE cases with ocular manifestations seen by a single ophthalmologist between 2015 and December 2021. Results In total, seven patients with a median age of 40 (range 18–50) years were included in the s...

Purpose To study the epidemiological profile of various pediatric orbital tumors and determine their clinicopathological correlation over 20 years. Methods A retrospective analysis of all pediatric patients with orbital tumors from the medical records between 1995 and 2015 was done. Tumors were categorized based on their cellular origin. Demograph...

Sclerocornea is a rare non-progressive, non-inflammatory usually bilateral congenital corneal opacity that can be associated with both ocular and systemic abnormalities. It could be inherited in 50% of cases. Ill-defined limbal architecture and vascularization in association with ocular comorbidities results in poor outcomes with corneal transplant...

A 69-year-old female presented with complaints of persistent watering in the left eye for the past 8 years. She underwent a left external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) 8 years ago. On examination, left lacrimal passage irrigation showed regurgitation of fluid from opposite punctum. She underwent a revision external DCR with bicanalicular intubation a...

Purpose: To describe the most important cause of infectious posterior uveitis in pediatric patients. Methods: Review of the literatura. Results: The most important causes of infectious uveitis in pediatric patients are: cat-scratch disease, toxocariasis, tuberculosis, viral diseases and toxoplasmosis. Ocular manifestations include retinitis, neur...

AIM The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, etiology, most common presentations, complications, and the causes of visual loss in posterior uveitis (PU). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of 125 patients with PU with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Ocular evaluation consisted of slit-lamp examinatio...

A 47-year-old woman with hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis presented with non-necrotizing scleritis in both eyes. Despite a course of oral corticosteroids, she continued to experience persistent symptoms. A rheumatologist was consulted and initiated treatment with tofacitinib, a JAK/STAT inhibitor. Treatment with tofacitinib and oral corticoste...

Introduction: Accurate diagnosis and timely management are vital for favorable uveitis outcomes. Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds promise in medical decision-making, particularly in ophthalmology. Yet, the diagnostic precision and management advice from AI-based uveitis chatbots lack assessment. Methods: We appraised diagnostic accuracy and ma...

The series combination of standards resistor and capacitors is used as dissipation factor standard to calibrate precision LCR meter and capacitance bridge. The dissipation factor is measured in the range of 0.1 to 0.0001 with uncertainties in the range of 0.1% to 11%. The precision capacitance bridge and LCR meter are calibrated for dissipation fac...

Objective To examine the long-term efficacy and safety of the intravitreal 0.2-μg/day fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAi) to treat noninfectious uveitis (NIU) of the posterior segment (PS). Design Three-year, phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, controlled, prospective study (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02746991). Participants Overall,...

Background Ophthalmic dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic parasitic infection caused by species of Dirofilaria, a dog tapeworm that is transmitted to human by mosquitoes. Man is a dead-end host for the parasite. Ophthalmic involvement is rare and includes periorbital, subconjunctival, subtenon, and intra-ocular involvement. We report the removal...

Acute annular outer retinopathy (AAOR) is a very rare variant of white dot syndrome. Ocular imaging helps in distinguishing it from acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. We report the first case of AAOR, from India, with multimodal imaging, highlighting the role of early immunomodulatory therapy in visual prognosis.

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) and lymphopenia in presumed sarcoid and tubercular uveitis. Methods A single-centre retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of 755 adult patients with uveitis between January 2019 and June 2020. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were re...

Aims: To present current expert practice patterns and to formulate a consensus for the management of HSV and VZV AU by uveitis specialists worldwide. Methods: A two-round online modified Delphi survey with masking of the study team was conducted. Responses were collected from 76 international uveitis experts from 21 countries. Current practices...

Aims: To present current practice patterns in the diagnosis and management of Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (CMV AU) by uveitis experts worldwide. Methods: A two-round modified Delphi survey with masking of the study team was performed. Based on experience and expertise, 100 international uveitis specialists from 21 countries were invited to...

Necrotizing scleritis is the most destructive and vision-threatening form of scleritis. Necrotizing scleritis can occur in systemic autoimmune disorders and systemic vasculitis, as well as following microbial infection. Rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis remain the commonest identifiable systemic diseases associated with necr...

This case report describes three eyes of two patients, who were diagnosed to have endogenous fungal endophthalmitis post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Both patients underwent vitrectomy with intravitreal anti-fungal injection. Intra-ocular samples confirmed the fungal etiology by conventional microbiological investigations and poly...

Purpose: This study aimed to describe visual outcomes in cases of pediatric uveitis in an Indian population and to analyze various factors affecting these outcomes. Methods: Single-center, retrospective chart review of 277 cases of uveitis in patients under the age of 18 years. Variables assessed included age and sex distribution, anatomical loc...

Purpose: To report the clinical profile of Behcet's disease and its management with immunosuppressants and biologics in a cohort of 25 patients from a tertiary eye care center in South India. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study. Records of 45 eyes of 25 patients between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrieved from the ho...

Purpose: To describe a rare case of bilateral frosted branch angiitis with macular exudates in a 5-year-old boy presumed to be secondary to an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Observations: A 5-year-old boy presented with acute onset blurring of vision in both eyes, the best corrected visual acuity was 3/60 in both eyes. The anterior segment...

In the current literature, clinical registry cohorts related to ocular inflammation are few and far between, and there are none involving multi-continental international data. Many existing registries comprise administrative databases, data related to specific uveitic diseases, or are designed to address a particular clinical problem. The existing...

Laboratory investigations can play a significant role in the diagnosis and decision-making of infectious uveitis. Though direct demonstration of the infective organism remains the gold standard of diagnosis, it is not always possible with ocular tissues. Recent advancements in molecular techniques have made it possible to overcome these limitations...

Background Ocular manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) have been reported in a limited number of studies and with largely variable frequency. Here we report on the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of a cohort of 63 GPA patients, with particular regard to 22 of them with ophthalmic involvement (35%). Methods Clinic...

Purpose: To report the treatment response of a case of tubercular choroidal granuloma and subretinal abscess with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and moxifloxacin. Method: Retrospective interventional case report. Results: A 34-year-old man presented with bilateral choroidal granuloma and subretinal abscess in...

The feasibility of electrolytic conductivity is performed using two-electrode system. A precision LCR meter is utilized to measure the ac resistance of electrolytic solution which is traceable to reference standard of impedance at CSIR-National Physical Laboratory. KCl solutions with different molality are used to establish the measurement system....

Autoimmune retinopathies (AIRs) are a group of autoantibody-mediated retinal degenerations characterized by progressive visual deterioration, visual field loss, abnormal electroretinography (ERG) with a normal looking retina or a minimally apparent structural changes in the retina. It is characterized by the presence of antiretinal antibodies (ARAs...

Purpose: To describe the clinical features and management of patients with scleritis associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) at a tertiary eye care center in South India. Methods: The clinical profile and management of patients presenting to a tertiary eye care center in South India with scleritis secondary to GPA from 2003 to 202...

Here, we communicate the draft genome sequence of an ocular Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain (SNMICRO 2047-20) that was isolated from the vitreous fluid of a patient diagnosed with endophthalmitis. The genome sequence was 4,391,538 bp long with 3,898 protein-encoding genes and clustered to the East African-Indian lineage.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of surgical management of uveitic glaucoma (UG) and steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) in children in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) control, visual acuity, and associations for failure. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of consecutive UG (cases) and non-uveitic SIG (controls) in children <18 year...

This paper presents a development of a digitally assisted coaxial bridge suitable for Inductive Voltage Divider's (IVDs) calibration. The bridge uses a programmable digital detector (PDD) based on difference voltage measurement. The PDD used in the presented bridge senses the difference voltage and computes the ratio corrections of the test IVD wit...

Apart from the systemic cardinal symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, headache, and diarrhea, ocular symptoms have gained much importance during the peak hours of the COVID pandemic. Since an exposed ocular surface can act as a gateway for various respiratory viruses, there is an increased interest in exploring the ocular route of transmission a...

Apart from the systemic cardinal symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, headache, and diarrhea, ocular symptoms have gained much importance during the peak hours of the COVID pandemic. Since an exposed ocular surface can act as a gateway for various respiratory viruses, there is an increased interest in exploring the ocular route of transmission a...

Main text This report gives the result of a bilateral comparison of resistance between the NPLI (India) and the BIPM carried out from August 2021 to April 2022. Two 1 Ω and two 10 kΩ travelling standards belonging to the BIPM were used. The comparison was carried out with an 'A-B-A' pattern of measurements; the standards were measured first at the...

Purpose: To report the use of tofacitinib in ten patients with scleritis where the traditional immunomodulation was not successful or could not be used. Method: A retrospective chart review. Result: Tofacitinib was successful in the treatment of scleritis in patients either recalcitrant to or intolerant to conventional therapy in 9 out of 10 c...

Introduction: Ocular toxoplasmosis is the leading cause of posterior uveitis worldwide, affecting individuals acrossdifferent age groups. The key to reducing vision loss includes prompt diagnosis and treatment. However, despite the prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis, there has been little consensus regarding its pathophysiology,clinical features,...

PURPOSE Over the past two decades, advancements in imaging modalities have significantly evolved the diagnosis and management of retinal diseases. Through these novel platforms, we have developed a deeper understanding of the anatomy of the choroidal vasculature and the choriocapillaris. The recently developed tools such as optical coherence tomogr...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical profile of patients with scleritis managed by a single ophthalmologist in a tertiary eye care center. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 107 eyes of 96 patients with scleritis from January 2007 to December 2018. RESULTS: Female predominance (68%) with a relatively young-onset...

Background To report the role of Polymerase Chain Reaction in confirming the diagnosis of presumed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) Intermediate Uveitis. Method Retrospective analysis of 22 eyes of 14 cases of presumed tubercular intermediate uveitis wherein intraocular fluid was tested for MTB DNA by Nested & Real-time PCR, based on clinical susp...

Purpose: To report the prevalence, clinical profile, investigations, and visual outcomes of sarcoid intermediate uveitis in a tertiary eye care center in South India. Methods: Retrospective, observational case series. Records of 29 patients with sarcoid intermediate uveitis were retrieved. Complete ophthalmic evaluation and systemic examination...

A 47-year-old male reported a sudden diminution of vision in the left eye for 1 month. Fundus examination showed dense vitritis, retinal hemorrhages around the disc with subretinal precipitates. Peripheral examination revealed snowball opacities. Multimodal imaging indicated syphilitic retinitis with vascular leakage. A complete systemic workup was...

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to the clinical characteristics of patients with viral retinitis. Methods: Retrospective case series. Results: Aqueous or vitreous samples of 20 out of 35 eyes showed qRT-PCR positivity for virus etiology (57.14%). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was most...

Oxidative stress is the major cause of dysfunctional phagocytic cells such as the macrophages causing atherosclerotic changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) showing lipofuscin accumulation seen in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Systemic homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with CVD and AMD pathology. T...

Purpose: To study clinical and pathological features of parasitic lesions in the ocular adnexa in a tertiary care ophthalmic center in south India. Methods: 43 cases of ocular parasitosis were analysed clinically and correlated with the pathological findings (gross morphology and histopathology) over a period of five years (2015-2020). Results:...

Background Based on the adverse event reporting system, the authors observed unique occupational and pharmacological trends in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC); despite being a common condition in the region, there are no large epidemiological studies. Objective To describe the clinical profile, risk factors and co-medications of CSC in a mu...

To report a case of MEWDS post-COVID-19 infection with multimodal imaging. A 17-year-old boy reported blurring of vision in both eyes 2 months and 10 days following the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fundus examination revealed hypopigmented lesions nasal to the optic disc, inferior periphery, and near macula in both eyes. Multimodal imaging was consistent...

Aim To analyse the alterations in retino-choroidal angioarchitecture in eyes with active tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (TB-SLC) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 34 eyes diagnosed with TB-SLC and 34 age-matched healthy controls. Data acquisition...

Background: Eales’ Disease is an idiopathic retinal periphlebitis, characterized by recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, neovascularization and inflammation. The disease distresses the retina of adult males between 15 and 45 years. In the present study proteins involved in iron homeostasis were assessed in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Me...

Purpose: To describe the clinical profile, multimodal imaging, and treatment response in macular serpiginous choroiditis (MSC). Methods: Clinical records of 16 eyes (14 patients) with MSC presenting to a tertiary eye care institute between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Mean age of 14 patients presenting with MSC was 33...

A 70-year-old lady presented with left eye subretinal mass, diagnosed as posterior uveitis previously. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy via transvitreal route proved to be a minimally invasive and effective diagnostic modality for sample collection with minimal complications and of high diagnostic potential.

To report four cases of oculosporidiosis associated with scleral thinning and staphyloma formation, including recurrent bulbar conjunctival oculosporidiosis, retrospective reviews of case records of four patients with bulbar conjunctival oculosporidiosis were undertaken. All cases were managed with excision of growth followed by diathermy and scler...

Purpose: : To study the epidemiological pattern and diagnostic accuracy of histopathologically proven eyelid lesions over a period of two decades. Methods: : A retrospective study of all histopathologically proven eyelid lesions from April 1996 to March 2016 was conducted. The lesions were broadly categorized as benign or malignant. Inflammatory...

Sympathetic ophthalmia is a dreaded ocular condition resulting in bilateral panuveitis following penetrating injury in one eye or associated with surgeries and laser procedures. We describe a case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with blurring of vision in the right eye for the past 2 years following penetrating trauma in the left eye 9 years ba...

Background: To report the role of Polymerase Chain Reaction in confirming the diagnosis of presumed mycobacterium Tuberculous Intermediate Uveitis. Method: Retrospective analysis of 22 eyes of 14 cases of presumed tubercular intermediate uveitis wherein intraocular fluid was tested for MTB DNA by Nested & Real time PCR, based on clinical suspicion...