Juste RaimbaultUniversity College London | UCL · Center for Advanced Spatial Analysis
Juste Raimbault
PhD
About
110
Publications
15,342
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
558
Citations
Introduction
Additional affiliations
September 2012 - December 2014
Publications
Publications (110)
As the number of empirical studies increases unprecedentedly in line with expansions in higher education, theoretical developments in population studies suffer due to a discoverability crisis of related work. The systematic use of previous research is common in the medical sciences through various types of structured reviews. However, these are les...
Urban systems are at the core of current sustainability concerns, and their study from a complexity perspective has a long history in several disciplines. We survey this literature and discuss future research directions relevant to sustainable planning, in particular the construction of integrative approaches. We finally illustrate this research pr...
Firm clusters are seen as having a positive effect on innovations, what can be interpreted as economies of scale or knowledge spillovers. The processes underlying the success of these clusters remain difficult to isolate. We propose in this paper a stylised agent-based model to test the role of geographical proximity and informal knowledge exchange...
Sustainable Development Goals are intrinsically competing, and their embedding into urban systems furthermore emphasises such compromises. When observed at the scale of systems of cities, such concern is considered as a series of innovations that challenges the adaptive capacity of urban systems. The spatial complexity, the non-optimal nature of su...
Modal shift in public transport as a consequence of a disruption on a line has in some cases unforeseen consequences such as an increase in congestion in the rest of the network. How information is provided to users and their behavior plays a central role in such configurations. We introduce here a simple and stylised agent-based model aimed at und...
The development of public transportation networks and associated transit oriented development policies are efficient tools to mitigate urban sprawl and its negative environmental impacts, especially in terms of commuting emissions. We study in this paper the trajectories in terms of sprawl and public transport accessibility of the nine largest Chin...
Sustainable Development Goals are intrinsically competing, but their embedding into urban systems furthermore emphasises such compromises, due to spatial complexity, the non-optimal nature of such systems, and multi-objective aspects of their agents, among other reasons. We propose in this paper to use a stylised simulation model for systems of cit...
The identification of structuring effects of transportation infrastructure on territorial dynamics remains an open research problem. This issue is one of the aspects of approaches on complexity of territorial dynamics, within which territories and networks would be co-evolving. The aim of this thesis is to challenge this view on interactions betwee...
Understanding the dynamics of road networks has theoretical implications for urban science and practical applications for sustainable long-term planning. Various generative models to explain road network growth have been introduced in the literature. We propose in this paper a systematic benchmark of such models integrating different paradigms (spa...
Systems of cities at the macroscopic scale have their trajectories conditioned by the evolution of infrastructure networks. This leads to complex planning and management situations in the particular case of international transportation infrastructure projects. To understand such dynamics and anticipate future sustainable trajectories, we introduce...
Modal shift in public transport as a consequence of a disruption on a line has in some cases unforeseen consequences such as an increase in congestion in the rest of the network. How information is provided to users and their behavior plays a central role in such configurations. We introduce here a simple and stylised agent-based model aimed at und...
Models focusing on interactions between land-use and transportation mostly assume an exogenous provision of transportation infrastructures. We investigate here co-evolutionary processes between land-use and transportation, at the scale of Mega-City Regions, by introducing a toy model of corresponding processes. In particular, our model is specifica...
Models focusing on interactions between land-use and transportation mostly assume an exogenous provision of transportation infrastructures. We investigate here co-evolutionary processes between land-use and transportation, at the scale of Mega-City Regions, by introducing a toy model of corresponding processes. In particular, our model is specifica...
Urban systems are intrinsically complex, involving different dimensions and scales, and consequently various approaches and scientific disciplines. In that context, urban simulation models have been coined as essential for the construction of evidence-based and integrated urban sciences. This review and position paper synthesises previous work focu...
Urban systems are intrinsically complex, involving different dimensions and scales, and consequently various approaches and scientific disciplines. In that context, urban simulation models have been coined as essential for the construction of evidence-based and integrated urban sciences. This review and position paper synthesises previous work focu...
Operational urban transport models require to gather heterogeneous sets of data and often integrate different sub-models. Their systematic validation and reproducible application therefore remains problematic. We propose in this contribution to build transport models from the bottom-up using scientific workflow systems with open-source components a...
Operational urban transport models require to gather heterogeneous sets of data and often integrate different sub-models. Their systematic validation and reproducible application therefore remains problematic. We propose in this contribution to build transport models from the bottom-up using scientific workflow systems with open-source components a...
The dynamics and processes of urban morphogenesis are a central issue regarding a long-term sustainability of urban systems. They however imply stakeholders and parameters at multiple temporal and spatial scales simultaneously, leading to intricate interactions between dimensions and scales. We introduce in this paper from a theoretical viewpoint a...
Research on links between transport and land-use is by essence interdisciplinary, as a result of the multi-dimensionality and complexity of these objects. In the case of models simulating interactions between transport and land-use, the research landscape is similarly relatively broad and sparse. We propose in this paper a bibliometric analysis of...
Urban evolution processes occur at different scales, with intricate interactions between levels and relatively distinct type of processes. To what extent actual urban dynamics include an actual strong coupling between scales, in the sense of both top-down and bottom-up feedbacks, remains an open issue with important practical implications for the s...
Modeling and simulation in urban and regional studies has always given a significant place to models relating the dynamics of territories with transportation networks. These include for example Land-use Transport Interaction models, but this question has been investigated from different viewpoints and disciplines. We propose in this paper a systema...
The increase in the number of publications has made more difficult for authors to situate their work within previous literature, especially on subjects studied from different disciplinary viewpoints. Besides, new data analysis techniques and new bibliometrics data sources provide an opportunity to map and navigate scientific landscapes. We introduc...
This chapter is about Complexity and Spatial Dynamics in Urban Systems. Strong inequalities in the size of cities and the apparent difficulty of limiting their growth raise practical issues for spatial planning. At a time when new constraints in terms of limited energy and raw material resources or possible catastrophic events such as pandemics are...
The emergence of interconnected urban networks is a crucial feature of globalisation processes. Understanding the drivers behind the growth of such networks - in particular urban firm networks -, is essential for the economic resilience of urban systems. We introduce in this paper a generative network model for firm networks at the urban area level...
The spatial distribution of population and activities within urban areas, or urban form at the mesoscopic scale, is the outcome of multiple antagonist processes. We propose in this paper to benchmark different models of urban morphogenesis, to systematically compare the urban forms they can produce. Different types of approaches are included, such...
Cities are facing many sustainability issues in the context of the current global interdependency characterized by an economic uncertainty coupled to climate changes, which challenge their local policies aiming to better conciliate reasonable growth with livable urban environment. The urban dynamic models developed by the so-called “urban science”...
The sensitivity analysis and validation of simulation models require specific approaches in the case of spatial models. We describe the spatialdata scala library providing such tools, including synthetic generators for urban configurations at different scales, spatial networks, and spatial point processes. These can be used to parametrize geosimula...
An increased interdisciplinarity in science projects has been highlighted as crucial to tackle complex real-world challenges, but also as beneficial for the development of disciplines themselves. This paper introduces a parcimonious agent-based model of interdisciplinary relationships in collective entreprises of knowledge discovery, to investigate...
The current science of cities can provide a useful foundation for future urban policies, provided that these proposals have been validated by correct observations of the diversity of situations in the world. However, international comparisons of the evolution of cities often produce uncertain results because national territorial frameworks are not...
The dynamics of urban systems can be understood from an evolutionary perspective, in some sense extending biological and cultural evolution. Models for systems of cities implementing elementary evolutionary processes remain however to be investigated. We propose here such a model for urban dynamics at the macroscopic scale, in which the diffusion o...
Industrial symbiosis involves creating integrated cycles of by-products and waste between networks of industrial actors in order to maximize economic value, while at the same time minimizing environmental strain. In such a network, the global environmental strain is no longer equal to the sum of the environmental strain of the individual actors, bu...
Industrial symbiosis involves creating integrated cycles of by-products and waste between networks of industrial actors in order to maximize economic value, while at the same time minimizing environmental strain. In such a network, the global environmental strain is no longer equal to the sum of the environmental strain of the individual actors, bu...
The metaphor of cities as organisms has a long history in urban planning, and a few urban modeling approaches have explicitly been linked to Artificial Life. We propose in that paper to explore the extent of Artificial Life and Artificial Intelligence application to urban issues, by constructing and exploring a citation network of around 225,000 pa...
In this paper, we use a newly constructed dataset to study the geographic distribution of fuel price across the US at a very high resolution. We study the influence of socio-economic variables through different and complementary statistical methods. We highlight an optimal spatial range roughly corresponding to stationarity scale, and significant i...
The concept of hierarchy in complex systems is tightly linked to co-evolutionary processes. We propose here to explore it in the case of the co-evolution between transportation networks and territories. More precisely, we extend a co-evolution model for systems of cities and infrastructure networks, and systematically study its behavior following s...
Several approaches and corresponding definitions of complexity have been developed in different fields. Urban systems are the archetype of complex socio-technical systems concerned with these different viewpoints. We suggest in this chapter some links between three types of complexity, namely emergence, computational complexity and informational co...
In this concluding chapter, we propose two ways to synthesize the scientific contributions of this book. The first discusses several major principles that can be retained for constructing relevant theories within urban science in relation with the contents of the chapters of the book. The second part identifies communities of scientific discussion...
Co-evolutionary processes are according to the evolutionary urban theory at the center of urban systems dynamics. Their empirical observation or within models of simulation remains however relatively rare. This chapter is focused on the co-evolution of transportation networks and cities and applies high performance computing numerical experiments t...
Several approaches and corresponding definitions of complexity have been developed in different fields. Urban systems are the archetype of complex socio-technical systems concerned with these different viewpoints. We suggest in this chapter some links between three types of complexity, namely emergence, computational complexity and informational co...
At the end of the five years of work in our GeoDiverCity program, we brought together a diversity of authors from different disciplines. Each person was invited to present an important question about the theories and models of urbanization. They are representative of a variety of currents in urban research. Rather than repeat here the contents of a...
The sensitivity analysis and validation of simulation models require specific approaches in the case of spatial models. We describe the spatialdata scala library providing such tools, including synthetic generators for urban configurations at different scales, spatial networks, and spatial point processes. These can be used to parametrize geosimula...
Simulation models are an absolute necessity in the human and social sciences, which can only very exceptionally use experimental science methods to construct their knowledge. This chapter considers a simulation model as a computer program that produces outputs from input data and parameters. Since 2008, the OpenMOLE platform has been designed to ex...
Abstract The generation of synthetic data is an essential tool to study complex systems, allowing for example to test models of these in precisely controlled settings, or to parametrize simulation models when data is missing. This paper focuses on the generation of synthetic data with an emphasis on correlation structure. We introduce a new methodo...
Network percolation has recently been proposed as a method to characterize the global structure of an urban system form the bottom-up. This paper proposes to extend urban network percolation in a multi-dimensional way, to take into account both urban form (spatial distribution of population) and urban functions (here as properties of transportation...
At the end of the five years of work in our GeoDiverCity program, we brought together a diversity of authors from different disciplines. Each person was invited to present an important question about the theories and models of urbanization. They are representative of a variety of currents in urban research. Rather than repeat here the contents of a...
Although simulation models of socio-spatial systems in general and agent-based models in particular represent a fantastic opportunity to explore socio-spatial behaviours and to test a variety of scenarios for public policy, the validity of generative models is uncertain unless their results are proven robust and representative of 'real-world' condi...
Bibliometrics have become commonplace and widely used by authors and journals to monitor, to evaluate and to identify their readership in an ever-increasingly publishing scientific world. This contribution introduces a multi-method corpus analysis tool, specifically conceived for scientific corpuses with spatialised content. We propose a dedicated...
Generation of hybrid synthetic data resembling real data to some criteria is an important methodological and thematic issue in most disciplines which study complex systems. Interdependencies between constituting elements, materialized within respective relations, lead to the emergence of macroscopic patterns. Being able to control the dependance st...
Understanding the functional structure of contemporary cities can find many applications ranging from urban planning to local governance regarding inequality issues. This exploration is often constrained by the availability of large-scale data at fine spatio-temporal resolution. Longitudinal data, such as the Foursquare data, allow researchers to e...
We first recall in this chapter to what extent simulation models are an absolute necessity in social sciences and humanities, which can only very exceptionally require to experimental sciences methods to construct their knowledge. The formalisation through mathematical models able to offer analytical solutions being most often not possible in order...
Urban systems are composed of complex couplings of several components, and more particularly between the built environment and transportation networks. Their interaction is involved in the emergence of the urban form. We propose in this chapter to introduce an approach to urban morphology grasping both aspects and their interaction. We first define...
Urban systems are composed by complex couplings of several components, and more particularly between the built environment and transportation networks. Their interaction is involved in the emergence of the urban form. We propose in this chapter to introduce an approach to urban morphology grasping both aspects and their interaction. We first define...
Network percolation has recently been proposed as a method to characterize the global structure of an urban system form the bottom-up. This paper proposes to extend urban network percolation in a multi-dimensional way, to take into account both urban form (spatial distribution of population) and urban functions (here as properties of transportation...
At large scales, typologies of urban form and corresponding generating processes remain an open question with important implications regarding urban planning policies and sustainability. We propose in this paper to generate urban configurations at large scales, typically of districts, with morphogenesis models, and compare these to real configurati...
Interactions between transportation networks and territories are the subject of open scientific debates, in particular regarding the possible existence of structuring effects of networks, and linked to crucial practical issues of territorial development. We propose an entry on these through co-evolution, and more particularly by the modeling of co-...
The spatial character of territorial systems plays a crucial role in the emergence of their complexities. This contribution aims at illustrating to what extent different types of complexities can be exhibited in models of such systems. We develop from a theoretical viewpoint some arguments illustrating ontological complexity, in the sense of the di...
At large scales, typologies of urban form and corresponding generating processes remain an open question with important implications regarding urban planning policies and sustainability. We propose in this paper to generate urban configurations at large scales, typically of districts, with morphogenesis models, and compare these to real configurati...
Recent years have witnessed an exceptional extension of public transportation networks in People's Republic of China, both at a national scale with the construction of the first HSR railway network of the world, and at local scales with numerous cities developing high coverage subway networks often from scratch. This chapter studies these mutations...
Although simulation models of geographical systems in general and agent-based models in particular represent a fantastic opportunity to explore socio-spatial behaviours and to test a variety of scenarios for public policy, the validity of generative models is uncertain unless their results are proven robust and representative of 'real-world' condit...
Recent years have witnessed an exceptional extension of public transportation networks in People's Republic of China, both at a national scale with the construction of the first HSR railway network of the world, and at local scales with numerous cities developing high coverage subway networks often from scratch. This chapter studies these mutations...
Several approaches and corresponding definitions of complexity have been developed in different fields. Urban systems are the archetype of complex socio-technical systems concerned with these different viewpoints. We suggest in this chapter some links between three types of complexity, namely emergence, computational complexity and informational co...
Semi-analytical analysis.
Analytical and numerical developments for the simplified model.
(PDF)
Real indicators sensitivity.
Sensitivity analysis of real indicators values to window size.
(PDF)
Co-evolutionary processes are according to the evolutive urban theory at the center of urban systems dynamics. Their empirical observation or within models of simulation remains however relatively rare. This chapter is focused on the co-evolution of transportation networks and cities and applies high performance computing numerical experiments to t...
Bibliometrics have become commonplace and widely used by authors and journals to monitor, to evaluate and to identify their readership in an ever-increasingly publishing scientific world. With this contribution, we aim to move from the near-real time counts to investigate the semantic proximities and evolution of the papers published in the online...
This protocol describes the study of a computational model of urban growth, including real data processing, model exploration and calibration. See github repository for code and paper for real and simulation datasets.
L’identification d’effets structurants des infrastructures de transports sur la dynamique des territoires reste un défi scientifique ouvert. Cette question est une des facettes de recherches sur la complexité des dynamiques territoriales, au sein desquelles territoires et réseaux de transport seraient en co-évolution. L’objectif de cette thèse est...
Systems engineering has developed a mature knowledge on how to design, integrate and manage complex industrial systems, whereas disciplines studying complex systems in nature or society also propose numerous tools for their understanding. Socio-technical systems, that situate at their intersection, could benefit from a higher integration between th...
Urban systems are composed by complex couplings of several components, and more particularly by the built environment and transportation networks. Their interactions is involved in the emergence of the urban form. We propose in this chapter to introduce an approach to urban morphology grasping both aspects and their interactions. We first define co...
We describe a simple spatial model of urban growth for systems of cities at the macroscopic scale, which combines direct interaction between cities and an indirect effect of physical network flows as population growth drivers. The model is parametrized on population data for the French system of cities between 1831 and 1999, in which strong non-sta...
The complexity of interactions between networks and territories has been widely acknowledged empirically, in particular through the existence of circular causal relations in their co-development, that can be understood as a co-evolution. This contribution aims at investigating models that endogenize this co-evolution, in the particular case of citi...
We describe a simple spatial model of urban growth for systems of cities at the macroscopic scale, which combines direct interaction between cities and an indirect effect of physical network flows as population growth drivers. The model is parametrized on population data for the French system of cities between 1831 and 1999, which strong non-statio...
The emerging field of morphogenetic engineering proposes to design complex heterogeneous system focused on the paradigm of emergence. Necessarily at the interface of disciplines, its concepts can be defined through multiple viewpoints. This contribution aims at linking a co-evolutionary perspective on such systems with morphogenesis, and therein at...