Junya Morita

• Professor at Shizuoka University

Immersion in a task is a pre-requisite for creativity. However, excessive arousal in a single task has drawbacks, such as overlooking events outside of the task. To examine such a negative aspect, this study constructs a computational model of arousal dynamics where the excessively increased arousal makes the task transition difficult. The model wa...

Immersion in a task is a prerequisite for creativity. However, excessive arousal in a single task has drawbacks, such as overlooking events outside of the task. To examine such a negative aspect, this study constructs a computational model of arousal dynamics where the excessively increased arousal makes the task transition difficult. The model was...

Studies on reinforcement learning have developed the representation of curiosity, which is a type of intrinsic motivation that leads to high performance in a certain type of tasks. However, these studies have not thoroughly examined the internal cognitive mechanisms leading to this performance. In contrast to this previous framework, we propose a m...

The condition for artificial agents to possess perceivable intentions can be considered that they have resolved a form of the symbol grounding problem. Here, the symbol grounding is considered an achievement of the state where the language used by the agent is endowed with some quantitative meaning extracted from the physical world. To achieve this...

For generative AIs to be trustworthy, establishing transparent common grounding with humans is essential. As a preparation toward human-model common grounding, this study examines the process of model-model common grounding. In this context, common ground is defined as a cognitive framework shared among agents in communication, enabling the connect...

This paper presents a concept of model-based support for collaborative learning using concept mapping, which is a tool for externalizing learners’ knowledge. The proposed support for this activity uses computational modeling of the process of constructing knowledge building. This paper first proposes cognitive models of individual and collaborative...

This document presents endeavors to represent emotion in a computational cognitive architecture. The first part introduces research organizing with two axes of emotional affect: pleasantness and arousal. Following this basic of emotional components, the document discusses an aspect of emergent properties of emotion, showing interaction studies with...

Reminiscence therapy is mental health care based on the recollection of memories. However, the effectiveness of this method varies amongst individuals. To solve this problem, it is necessary to provide more personalized support; therefore, this study utilized a computational model of personal memory recollection based on a cognitive architecture ad...

Our final goal is to realize an Intelligent Tutoring System using cognitive tutor agent(s) who provide appropriate adaptive feedback according to the learner’s state. We considered that estimating how learners would behave in the near future would be an important cue for providing appropriate support. In this study, we attempted to estimate whether...

Language acquisition is supported by phonological awareness, which intentionally makes children aware of phonological units. By understanding the internal processes of children during language acquisition, this study aims to elucidate factors that can correct erroneous phonological generation. Therefore, we developed a cognitive model using innate...

Even though the web environment facilitates our daily life, emotional problems caused by its incompatibility with human cognition are becoming increasingly serious. To alleviate negative emotions during web use, we developed a browser extension that presents memorized product images to users in the form of web advertisements. This system utilizes t...

In the current highly developed information society, having a habit of rumination (repetitive and negative thinking) can be dangerous to our mental health. To prevent rumination during web browsing, the authors’ previous study built an advertisement system that is regulated by a computational cognitive model and users’ heart rate variability (HRV)....

Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple (GAFA) have expanded their platform businesses worldwide. However, alternatives to GAFA may be important for local areas and niche markets. This study was performed in cooperation with a local community platform “HamaZo”. Certain implications emerged from text mining of local resources. Based on these results, an...

Even though the web environment facilitates daily life, emotional problems caused by its incompatibility with human cognition are becoming increasingly serious. To alleviate negative emotions during web use, we developed a browser extension that presents memorized product images to users, in the form of web advertisements. This system utilizes the...

To date, many studies concerned with intrinsic motivation in humans and artificial agents based on a reinforcement learning framework have been conducted. However, these studies have rarely explained the correspondence between intrinsic motivation and other essential cognitive functions. This study aims to build a method to express curiosity in new...

This research proposes a behavioral task to demonstrate the process of evolution of human communication systems based on the Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis, claiming that human sophisticated social intelligence such as linguistic ability has been formed through behaviors that maximize self-interest in a competitive social situation. The prop...

The rapid spread of online learning has increased demand for promoting and grasping collaborative learning processes. In this paper, we present a multi-channel process analysis of collaborative knowledge building, using a custom-made concept map tool and the application of conventional videoconferencing. The analysis focused on a process of copying...

Interactions based on the learners’ state of understanding and their attitudes toward tasks are considered important for realising a support system for collaborative learning. In this study, as a first step, we tried to detect whether the learner’s state is Passive in the ICAP theory from the data obtained during collaborative learning. We actually...

Dr Junya Morita is based at the Applied Cognitive Modelling Laboratory (ACML) within the Department of Behavior Informatics at Shizuoka University in Japan. His team is conducting investigations that use computational models in an effort to improve our understanding of human minds and their inner workings. There are currently two directions of stud...

This paper presents a cognitive model that simulates an adaptation process to automation in a time-critical task. The paper uses a simple tracking task (which represents vehicle operation) to reveal how the reliance on automation changes as the success probabilities of the automatic and manual mode vary. The model was developed by using a cognitive...

The underlying mechanism of communicative behavior in both humans and other animals was proposed to be “mirroring”, which refers to the similar neural pattern during action production and action observation. Nevertheless, the role of mirroring in human communication remains a puzzle, since human communication systems can take a symbolic form not re...

In the field of Human-Agent Interaction (HAI), continuation of interaction is one of the main areas of research. If the behavior of the agent is too predictable, humans stop interacting with it when they get bored. In this study, we aim to build agents that people want to keep interacting with, by employing the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational...

Empathy is important for smooth interaction. In this research, we focused on EQ (Empathy Quotient), which is an index to measure individuals' empathic ability, and analyzed behavior related to EQ, particularly the effect of participants' embodiment on empathic behavior. In the experiment, participants played a ball-tossing game with two agents. The...

Neural phase synchrony during a symbolic communication task was analyzed to find a neural underpinning of symbolic communication. We found the significant differences of phase synchrony between success and failure group regarding the order of exchanging symbolic messages.

To identify neural synchrony changes during the establishment of symbolic communication systems, we analyzed Phase Locking Value, a phase synchronization index reflective of the cognitive process of finding meaning in visual stimuli. Hyper-scanning electroencephalograms were recorded during a symbolic communication task. Good and bad performance pa...

We built a multimodal biofeedback system integrated with low-cost sensors and applied the system to support meditation training utilizing multimodal biofeedback to the user. Our meditation support system employs Electroencephalogram, heart rate variability and eye tracking. The first two biosignals are employed to assess the mental stress during me...

This paper proposes an approach to elderly mental care called model-based reminiscence, which utilizes cognitive modeling to guide a user's mental time travel. In this approach, a personalized cognitive model is constructed by implementing a user's lifelog (a photo library) in the ACT-R cognitive architecture. The constructed model retrieves photos...

The eye gaze behavior of individuals changes depending on their knowledge and experience of the event occurring in their field of view. In past studies, researchers formulated a hypothesis concerning this dependency on a specific scene and then analyzed the gaze behavior of viewers observing the scene. We depart from this hypothesis-testing paradig...

The process and mechanism behind the formation of symbolic communication systems is studied in this paper by using human cognitive experiments and the computer simulation of cognitive architecture. In the presented experiment, pairs of participants carry out a coordination task repeatedly in which a symbolic message is passed between them. Two-thir...

We are developing an app that presents photographs in such a way as to increase the user's motivation for activity by activating memory recall and awareness. In this paper, as a initial investigation for this project, we report a photo-network visualization system and a initial experiment conducted to assess its validity. The system groups related...

We investigated how creating cognitive models enhances learners’ construction of mental models on human cognitive information processing. Two class practices for undergraduates and graduates were performed, in which participants were required to construct a computational running model of solving subtraction problems and then develop a bug model tha...

Data interpretation based on theory is one of most important skills in scientific discovery learning, but to achieve this process is difficult for learners. In this study, we propose that model construction and execution could support data interpretation based on theory. We used the web-based production system ``DoCoPro'' as an environmen...

When people understand an object, they construct a mental model of the object. A mental model is a structural, behavioral, or functional analog representation of a real-world or imaginary situation, event, or process. We conducted a class practice in which newcomers to cognitive science constructed a mental model by implementing and simulating a co...

Recent behavioural and neuroimaging studies have suggested that constructing ideas about the future (prospection) is based on neural networks responsible for remembering past experiences (episodic memory). On the other hand, episodic memory involves variety of information that includes not only one’s own past behaviours but also those by others. Th...

We developed a cognitive simulator of the dual storage model of the human memory system that simulates the serial position effect of a traditional memory recall experiment. In a cognitive science class, participants learned cognitive information processing while observing the memory processes visualized by the simulator. Through the practice, we co...

For practice-based science education, the authors developed a cognitive simulator that demonstrates the human memory process and simulates the serial position effect in different experimental situations. Our cognitive simulator as a learning tool is established on the basis of the dual storage model; it visualizes the items stored in the short-term...

This study investigated the relationship between human use of automation and their sensitivity to changes in automation and manual performance. In the real world, automation and manual performance change dynamically with changes in the environment. However, a few studies investigated whether changes in automation or manual performance have more eff...

In order to study the formation of communication systems through interactions, we conducted an exper-iment in which pairs of participants attempted to complete a coordination task through an exchange of messages composed of a set of abstract figures. At the beginning of the interaction, there was no shared rule for the meanings and usage of the fig...

Interpreting experimental data based on a psychological theory requires understanding the mechanisms or factors underlying cognitive processes and acquiring an attitude for interpreting evidence from a theoretical perspective. In this study, we designed and practiced teaching and learning activities using cognitive models to foster both requirement...

This paper presents an experimental study that explores the effects of background music on freehand drawing. In the experiment, two types of background music and two themes for freehand drawing were prepared. To control the consistency of these materials, we used a 2 (background music: dark vs. cheerful) x 2 (themes: dark vs. cheerful) mixed factor...

Cognitive modelling is one of the representative research methods in cognitive science. It is believed that creating cognitive models promotes learners’ meta-cognitive activities such as self-monitoring and reflecting on their own cognitive processing. Preceding studies have confirmed that such meta-cognitive activities actually promote learning ef...

We constructed an innovative experimental platform to study cross-situational consistency in driving behavior, conducted behavioral experiments, and reported the data obtained in the experiment. To discuss cross-situational consistency, we separated situations in which people use some systems to conduct tasks into three independent conceptual facto...

We designed and practiced a cognitive science class for graduate students. In the class, the participants were required to build three cognitive models: a bug model, a trace model, and an individual model. In the construction of the bug model, the participants learn to construct a cognitive model by monitoring their mental processing. The participa...

What types of learning or reasoning are involved in form-ing a new communication system? To answer this question, this paper presents a computational model for forming a new communication system. The model was developed with ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational). In the model, two agents autonomously assign their roles to themselves. Agents...

In this study, we experimentally investigated human use of automation systems and the selection strategies of such usage. We used two different types of tracking tasks. As a result, we found that the participants neither tended to misuse nor disuse the automation system. Also, we confirmed that they tended to select to use the automation system dep...

Automation is a necessity in modern society. People sometimes are inclined to trust automation too much. On the other hand, they sometimes tend to not be willing to use automation. To prevent these mistakes, this study explores factors of reaching an appropriate reliance on automation systems by using cognitive modeling. We have conducted psycholog...

In learning cognitive science, students must learn how to handle an actual production system that runs on a computer. We developed a web-based production system for education that can be used from anywhere such as class rooms, offices, and homes. The system as a web-based application has many advantages as a learning support system. It furnishes st...

Creative innovation is achieved by observing the features of objects. This paper terms such a skill as "the discovering viewpoints" and proposes a framework for developing them. Our proposal implements the cognitive models of analogical reasoning that have been developed in the field of cognitive science. In the framework of this paper, learners ar...

The present paper discusses the creative design process using the conceptual combination task. As factors involved in the creative design process, we focused on the number of concepts associated with the concepts presented in the task and the use of action concepts during design process. In the experiment, the number of associated concepts was mani...

In this study, we investigated effects of having different perspectives in solving collaborative tasks. A simple reasoning task was given to several pairs of participants, each of whom discussed their views with their partner. Protocol analysis was performed to reveal how people exchange information with a partner who has a different perspective to...

Image diagnosis is the task in which a physician searches for abnormal findings on the medical images that potentially involve a large amount of anatomical and pathological information, and identifies dis-eases from such findings. Since this task aims to reduce the risk (e.g., insult or death) that will occur in the near future, it can be seen as a...

The authors have developed a web-based production system that users can use whenever and anywhere by the Internet. The authors held two cognitive science introductory classes with the system. In our class activities, participants were required to construct running cognitive models on the production system architecture that can solve pulley problems...

The present study investigates participant learning processes in a cognitive science introductory class. The participants engaged in three sequential cognitive modeling tasks with a web-based production system that has several functions for helping individual learning of cognitive modeling. We analyzed the requests sent to the system's server durin...

In learning cognitive science, students must learn how to handle an actual production system that runs on a computer. We developed a web-based production system for education that can be used from anywhere such as class rooms, offices, and homes. It furnishes students with learning support information for if-clause matching to facilitate learning....

In this study, we selected medical image diagnosis as a task to investigate how expertise influences the relations between perceptual and conceptual processing. In an experiment, participants, namely five novices and five experts, made diagnoses on 13 CT images. We obtained two types of data concerning verbal protocols and manipulating computationa...

This paper discusses a new approach to conceptual design. The presented methodology is based on the structure of meanings in the design process. The search and evaluation of meanings form the foun- dations of developing this structure of meanings. In order to facilitate the use and operation of the mean- ings, the WordNet lexical database is used....

In this paper we proposed methodology for support creative design of shapes. The methodology is focused on the importance of meanings in design process, their role and connection to shape space. The processes of building meanings’ structure in shape is connected with concept dictionary. In conducted survey, the key features of meanings are analyzed...

The general goal of every graphic design is to make a memorable work, through conducting to users meanings of some kind. In our research we focused on characteristics of meanings in logos - one of the most essential issues for creation of messages. An evaluation questionnaire of 40 logotypes is used for investigation of the connection between user...

Aiming at pursuit of the nature of creativity in design, we investigated the process of design creativity by examining the characteristics of thinking during design activity involving concept synthesis. In our experiments, subjects were asked to perform two tasks - to interpret novel noun-noun combinations, and, to create a design from novel noun-n...

Composition ability is one of the basic skills in design work, which is the combining of parts to form a whole. This paper introduces a support system helps learners acquire the ability to compose consistent figures. Our system is an application of the model of analogical reasoning. The system presents an example graphic and prompts the learner to...

In this study, we investigated effects of having different perspectives in solving collaborative tasks. A simple reasoning task was given to several pairs of subjects, each of whom discussed their views with their partner. Protocol analysis was performed to reveal how people exchange information with a partner who has a different perspective to ach...

In this paper, we propose a novel usage for computational cognitive models. In cognitive science, computational models have played a critical role of theories for human cognitions. Many computational models have simulated results of controlled psychological experiments successfully. However, there have been only a few attempts to apply the models t...

In order to investigate how analogs are retrieved from everyday experience, we conducted an experiment in which subjects were not presented with analogies by an experimenter, but presented with only one story as a retrieval cue. In our experiment, subjects were divided into four groups varying the cue stories, which were ma- nipulated by their surf...

Although many computational models have successfully simulated the results of controlled psychological exper- iments, few researchers have attempted to apply their models to complex, realistic phenomena. In this study, MAC/FAC ("many are called, but few are chosen"), which models two stages of analogical reasoning (Forbus, Gentner, & Law, 1995), wa...

In studies of analogical reasoning, the distinction between sur-face and structural similarity has been repeatedly investigated. However, this distinction has not been investigated in a gen-erative analogy where target representations are not provided in advance. This study uses computational methods to analyze how this distinction is involved in g...

In this study, we experimentally investigated the human selec-tion strategy of effort control, the control of function alloca-tion to either the manual operator or the automation system. We conducted two experiments using two types of tracking tasks. As a result, we found that people tended to perform ef-fort control based on manual-based selection...

We investigated the process of design creativity by examining the characteristics of thinking during design activity involving concept synthesis. In our experiments, subjects were asked to perform two tasks - to interpret novel noun-noun combinations and to create a design based on novel noun-noun combinations. We analyzed and compared the thinking...

The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html KICSS 2007 : The Second International Conference on Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems : PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE, November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN] One of the basic skill...

Third Symposium on "Intelligent Media Integration for Social Information Infrastructure" December 6, 2005, p.106

Although many cognitive models have successfully simulated the results of controlled psychological experiments, few researchers have attempted to apply their models to complex, realistic phenomena. In this study, MAC/FAC("many are called, but few are chosen"), which models two stages of analogical reasoning [Forbus, 1995], was appled to our experim...