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Introduction
Interested in electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis for energy conversion and storage.
Homepage: http://bioinspired-materials.com
Current institution
Additional affiliations
September 2022 - October 2023
February 2011 - May 2011
June 2011 - May 2014
Editor roles
Education
August 2007 - February 2011
March 2006 - August 2007
March 1999 - February 2006
Publications
Publications (93)
The inherent O2 sensitivity of Ni─Fe carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODHs), crucial for rapid CO to CO2 interconversion, presents substantial challenges for industrial application. Transforming CO/CO2, a prevalent anthropogenic air pollutant, into valuable carbon chemicals either directly or through intermediate steps via biocatalytic methods offe...
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to methanol offers an eco‐friendly approach to reducing carbon emissions while producing versatile liquid fuels and feedstocks. However, achieving high selectivity for methanol, especially at high current densities, remains challenging due to competing reactions that favor methane and hydrogen form...
The use of conductive and corrosion-resistant protective layers represents a key strategy for improving the durability of light absorber materials in photoelectrochemical water splitting. For high performance photoanodes such as Si, GaAs, and GaP, amorphous TiO2 protective overlayers, deposited by atomic layer deposition, are conductive for holes v...
M13 bacteriophages serve as a versatile foundation for nanobiotechnology due to their unique biological and chemical properties. The polypeptides that comprise their coat proteins, specifically pVIII, can be precisely tailored...
The conventional fabrication methods for porous polymers involve high energy consumption and the use of chemicals and toxic additives, leading to environmental pollution. In the quest for energy-efficient and eco-friendly techniques, we developed a surfactant-free spray-assisted water droplet templating (SWDT) method for fabricating a polydimethyls...
Electrochemical reactions involving gaseous chemicals as reactants or products have the potential to play a critical role in transitioning to a sustainable, carbon-neutral society. Such reactions include gas-evolving reactions (e.g., the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction, and chlorine evolution reaction) and gas-consuming...
This study introduces a novel approach for CO2 reduction to formate using the recombinant formate dehydrogenase 1 (MeFDH1) from Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 as biocatalyst, addressing challenges in activity, productivity, and long-term stability of enzyme. We demonstrate that immobilized MeFDH1 supported by electrochemical reaction system enhances...
Fe‒S cluster-harboring enzymes, such as carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODH), employ sophisticated artificial electron mediators like viologens to serve as potent biocatalysts capable of cleaning-up industrial off-gases at stunning reaction rates. Unraveling the interplay between these enzymes and their associated mediators is essential for improv...
Electrocatalytic activity of multi‐valence metal oxides for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) arises from various interactions among the constituent metal elements. Although the high‐valence metal ions attract recent attentions due to the interactions with their neighboring 3d transition metal catalytic center, atomic‐scale explanations for the catal...
The use of conductive and corrosion-resistant protective layers represents a key strategy for improving the durability of light absorber materials in photoelectrochemical water splitting. For high performance photoanodes such as Si, GaAs, and GaP, amorphous TiO2 (a-TiO2) protective overlayers, deposited by atomic layer deposition, are conductive fo...
Tin–lead halide perovskites (TLHPs) are promising photoactive materials for photovoltaics (PVs) due to reduced toxicity and broad light absorption. However, their inherent ionic vacancies facilitate inward metal diffusion, accelerating device degradation. Here, efficient, stable TLHP‐based PV and photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices are reported cont...
Despite intensive studies over decades, the development of electrocatalysts for acidic water splitting still relies on platinum group metals (PGM), especially Pt and Ir, which are scarce, expensive, and poorly sustainable. Because such problems can be alleviated, Ru‐based bifunctional catalysts such as rutile RuO 2 have recently emerged. However, R...
This article highlights the recent work of Zhang, Peng et al. ( Nanoscale Horiz. , 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NH00564F) on transition metal single atom embedded graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for the neutral electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide.
Facile removal of adsorbed gas bubbles from electrode surfaces is crucial to realize efficient and stable energy conversion devices based on electrochemical gas evolution reactions. Conventional studies on bubble removal have limited applicability and scalability due to their reliance on complex and energy/time‐intensive processes. In this study, a...
Efficient electrochemical hydrogen production and biomass refinery are crucial for the decarbonization of various sectors. However, their energy-intensive nature and low efficiency have hindered their practical application. In this study, we present earth-abundant and non-toxic photocatalysts that can produce hydrogen and reform biomass efficiently...
To achieve efficient hydrogen production, researchers have focused on the development of various electrocatalysts using noble and certain transition metal elements; however, concerns regarding their sustainability are growing. Here, we...
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation is a highly challenging task that acts as a bottleneck for efficient solar hydrogen production. It is because each cycle of water oxidation is composed of four proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes and conventional photoanodes and cocatalysts have limited roles in enhancing the charge separatio...
Recent studies have found that green hydrogen production and biomass utilization technologies can be combined to efficiently produce both hydrogen and value-added chemicals using biomass as an electron and proton source. However, the majority of them have been limited to proof-of-concept demonstrations based on batch systems. Here the authors repor...
Solar hydrogen production is one of the ultimate technologies needed to realize a carbon-neutral, sustainable society. However, an energy-intensive water oxidation half-reaction together with the poor performance of conventional inorganic photocatalysts have been big hurdles for practical solar hydrogen production. Here we present a photoelectroche...
Electrochemical Hydrogen Production In article number 2201452, Dasom Jeon, Jungki Ryu, and co‐workers report that a hydrogel coating can improve the performance of electrodes for electrochemical hydrogen production even without additional catalysts. Porous hydrogels facilitate the removal of adsorbed hydrogen gas bubbles during water electrolysis a...
Removal of gas bubbles from the electrode surface is practically important to maintain the activity of electrochemical gas evolution reactions. Conventionally, most studies have focused on the development of electrocatalysts and paid less attention to the bubble removal issues. Recently, it has been reported that attached gas bubbles can be readily...
Microfluidic systems with large surface‐to‐volume ratios and superior light transmission are used to efficiently transfer mass and convert energy, and to enhance photocatalytic reactions. Utilizing the entire solar spectrum for promoting photocatalytic reactions is highly desirable and near‐infrared (NIR) radiation, in particular, has a high transm...
Electrochemistry could play a critical role in the transition to a more sustainable society by enabling the carbon-neutral production and use of various chemicals as well as efficient use of renewable energy resources. A prerequisite for the practical application of various electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies is the developme...
A themed collection on solar energy conversion, guest edited by Materials Horizons Community Board members Rebecca Gieseking and Alexandra Ramadan and Nanoscale Horizons Community Board member Jungki Ryu.
Solar-to-chemical energy conversion - so-called "artificial photosynthesis"- is one of the ultimate goals of researchers to realize a sustainable future without the use of fossil fuels. Over a couple of decades, there have been intensive efforts to develop efficient artificial photosynthetic devices. Conventional studies have focused on the design...
Photocatalytic sustainable fuel production attracted extensive attention because of the urgent need of the society to shift from fossil fuels to solar fuels. Herein, the synthesis of hexagonal rosettes of g-C3N4 with an efficient performance toward hydrogen evolution and hydrogen peroxide production as the two kinds of solar fuels were reported. Th...
Efficient and selective production of CH4 through CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a challenging task due to the high amount of energy consumption and various reaction pathways. Here, we report the synthesis of Zn-based polyoxometalate (ZnPOM) and its application in photocatalytic CO2RR. Unlike conventional Zn-based catalysts that produce CO, ZnPO...
For efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation, tailorable modification of photoanodes with various functional layers is inevitably required to address the inherent limitations of the photoanodes. In this study, we report...
Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical synthesis is a promising technology for the efficient use of clean but intermittent renewable energy resources. In principle, various chemicals can be produced in a sustainable manner through (photo)electrochemical reduction using water as a cheap and clean source of electrons. However, oxidation of water is...
In comparison with conventional inorganic photocatalysts, organic photoactive materials are promising photocatalysts owing to their high extinction coefficient and chemical tunability. However, their limited photocatalytic activity, induced by a low relative permittivity with high recombination energy, poses significant challenges. Herein, a highly...
Although development and utilization of efficient catalysts with earth-abundant and cheap elements is desired, precious noble metal-based catalysts are still widely used and studied due to the urgent need to address energy and environmental issues. Polyoxometalates (POMs) can be excellent candidates in this context. In this study, we found that oxo...
The efficient removal of gas bubbles in (photo)electrochemical gas evolution reactions is an important but underexplored issue. Conventionally, researchers have attempted to impart bubble-repellent properties (so-called superaerophobicity) to electrodes by controlling their microstructures. However, conventional approaches have limitations, as they...
In article number 1908492, Jungki Ryu, Byeong‐Su Kim, and co‐workers describe an approach to enhance the charge separation efficiency of water oxidation photoanodes by the interfacial dipole layer created by modifying their surface with polyelectrolyte multilayers assembled via a layer‐by‐layer technique. This approach is effective regardless of th...
The functionalization of graphene has been extensively used as an effective route for modulating the surface property of graphene, and enhancing the dispersion stability of graphene in aqueous solutions via functionalization has been widely investigated to expand its use for various applications across a range of fields. Herein, an effective approa...
Power- and solar-to-chemical energy conversion has been spotlighted as a promising technology for the efficient use of renewable energy resources. In principle, various chemicals can be sustainably produced through (photo)electrochemical reduction using water as a cheap and clean electron source. However, oxidation of water is a challenging task th...
In article number 1906407, Joonseok Lee, Jiseok Lee, Jungki Ryu, and co‐workers suggest the fabrication of solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion devices using a layer‐by‐layer assembly method. Rational and precise assembly of plasmonic and upconversion nanoparticles, polyelectrolytes, and molecular catalysts enables more efficient light‐harvesting, s...
The charge separation efficiency of water oxidation photoanodes is modulated by depositing polyelectrolyte multilayers on their surface using layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly. The deposition of the polyelectrolyte multilayers of cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and anionic poly(styrene sulfonate) induces the formation of interfacial dip...
Lignin is a major component of lignocellulosic biomass. Although it is highly recalcitrant to break down, it is a very abundant natural source of valuable aromatic carbons. Thus, the effective valorisation of lignin is crucial for realising a sustainable biorefinery chain. Here, we report a compartmented photo-electro-biochemical system for unassis...
Volumetric energy density is considered a primary factor in developing high-energy batteries. Despite its significance, less efforts have been devoted to its improvement. Silicon-based materials have emerged as next-generation anodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity. However, their volumetric capacities are limited by v...
The design and fabrication of solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion devices are enabled through interweaving multiple components with various morphologies and unique functions using a versatile layer‐by‐layer assembly method. Cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes are used as an electrostatic adhesive to assemble the following functional materials: pl...
Silicon (Si) has been considered as a prospective anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its exceptional high capacity and energy density than the commercialized carbon-based materials. However, volume expansion (~380%) caused by alloying chemistry of silicon affects the deterioration of electrodes and battery performance. To minimiz...
M13 bacteriophages can provide a versatile platform for nanobiotechnology because of their unique biological and physicochemical properties. Polypeptides on their surfaces can be finely tuned on demand through genetic engineering, enabling tailored assembly of multiple functional components through specific interactions. Their versatility has been...
The Cover Feature shows a strategy to assemble and immobilize efficient molecular electrocatalysts on the desired photoelectrode for artificial photosynthesis. The integration strategies include covalent modification, bottom‐up self‐assembly, physical confinement, and electrostatic layer‐by‐layer assembly. These strategies enable the tailored assem...
We studied the kinetics of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation using a model photoanode BiVO4 modified with various water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In particular, we prepared BiVO4 photoanodes with catalytic multilayers (CMs), where cationic polyelectrolytes and anionic polyoxometalate (POM)...
Solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion, or so‐called artificial photosynthesis, is a promising technology enabling sustainable production and use of various chemical compounds such as H2, CO, CH4, HCOOH, CH3OH, and NH3. For practical applications, it is necessary to improve the interfacial properties of light‐harvesting semiconductors through modifica...
An efficient water oxidation photoanode based on hematite has been designed and fabricated by tailored assembly of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and cobalt polyoxometalates (Co-POM) water oxidation catalysts into a nacre-like multilayer architecture on a hematite photoanode. The deposition of catalytic multilayers provides a high photocatalytic ef...
Highly efficient water-oxidation catalysts (WOCs) were readily prepared through the simple heat treatment of cobalt-containing polyoxometalate [Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]10− (POM). The annealing of soluble POM molecules at high temperatures in air led to the formation of insoluble nanoparticles, of which the crystal structure and catalytic activity can be...
Lithium-oxygen (Li-O 2 ) batteries employing a lightweight and gaseous oxygen cathode have been spotlighted because of their exceptional high-energy density (practically 2~3 times higher than lithium-ion cells). [1-2] However, their poor efficiency and cyclability originating from the sluggish kinetics for the formation and decomposition of lithium...
We report the development of semiconducting melanin‐based organic/inorganic hybrid photoanodes for solar water oxidation. Synthetic melanin thin‐film incorporating polyoxometalate (POM) water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) is readily deposited on the surface of various n‐type inorganic semiconductors (e.g., Fe2O3, BiVO4, and TiO2) by electropolymerizat...
Nature-inspired molecules present a family of affordable, environmentally friendly catalysts to enable and enhance next-generation energy storage systems. In this study, we report the use of cobalt-based polyoxometalates (Co-POM) with an oxo-bridged tetracobalt active site, which is reminiscent of the natural oxygen-evolving complex, as an efficien...
We report a fully solution processable bias-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for overall solar water splitting using a Cu2O photocathode and a BiVO4 photoanode. They were modified with catalytic multilayers (CMs) for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER), respectively, using simple and versatile layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. Th...
Water splitting is considered the most attractive pursuit in the field of solar energy conversion. In this study, we report the synthesis and application of a supramolecular hybrid of carbon nanodot (CD) and cobalt polyoxometalate (Co-POM) to solar water oxidation. The self-assembly of the alginate-based CD and Co-POM led to the formation of a sphe...
An efficient and stable heterojunction photoanode for solar water oxidation was fabricated by hybridization of WO3 and conducting polymers. Organic/inorganic hybrid photoanodes were readily prepared by electropolymerization of various conducting polymers and co-deposition of tetraruthenium polyoxometalate (Ru4POM) water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) o...
Artificial photosynthesis is considered one of the most promising solutions to modern energy and environmental crises. Considering that it is enabled by multiple components through a series of photoelectrochemical processes, the key to successful development of a photosynthetic device depends not only on the development of novel individual componen...
Efficient harvesting of unlimited solar energy and its conversion into valuable chemicals is one of the ultimate goals of scientists. With the ever-increasing concerns about sustainable growth and environmental issues, numerous efforts have been made to develop artificial photosynthetic process for the production of fuels and fine chemicals, thus m...
Down to the wires: A highly efficient artificial photosynthetic system employing hydrogen-terminated silicon nanowires is reported. The nanowires enable a cascading electron transfer from electron donor to NAD(+) via a rhodium-based electron mediator. Approximately 80 % of NADH is photoregenerated from NAD(+) by the nanowires during 2 h of light ir...
Graphene-wrapped metal oxide hybrid materials are synthesized through inspiration from natural CO2 mineralization. We created hierarchical, nanostructured graphene/metal oxide by converting a CO2-mineralized graphene oxide/CaCO3 precursor to metal-based minerals such as graphene-wrapped CuO hybrid materials, which highly enhanced the stability and...
With the move toward the use of greener materials for powered vehicles, environmentally-benign synthesis of energy materials is becoming important. Here, the energy storage capability of biominerals from the jaws of a marine bloodworm, Glycera dibranchiate, is demonstrated, implying the possibility of a bio-factory (or in vivo synthesis) for energy...
A strategy for the on-surface synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on a variety of two- to three-dimensional material surfaces, utilizing polydopamine, an emerging surface modifying agent, is reported in this paper. This material-independent platform for AgNP synthesis is useful for fabricating organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials and for pr...
Appleton Laboratory (United Kingdom). Polymers under extreme two-dimensional confi nement: poly(ethylene oxide) in graphite oxide Polymer intercalation into subnanometer graphite-oxide layers leads to the complete suppression of crystallization and α-relaxation processes. For the fi rst time, neutron spectroscopy shows that under these extreme conf...
A novel application of quantum-dot QD sensitized TiO2 nanotubes for artificial photosynthesis is presented by Chan Beum Park and co-workers on p. 1883. The system is conceptually very close to natural photosynthesis; photo-excited electrons are rapidly injected to nearby reaction centers upon light irradiation and generate reducing power, driving r...
The cover image show self-assembled, photoluminescent peptide nanotubes that undergo a drastic quenching of their emission within a few seconds of exposure to paraoxon, a nitro-functionalized neurotoxin. Peptide-based nanotubes exhibit a strong photoluminescence by acting as a host matrix and an antenna for lanthanide complexes. The quenching of th...
Photoluminescent peptide nanotubes undergo a drastic quenching of their emission within a few seconds of exposure to paraoxon, a nitro-functionalized neurotoxin. The photoluminescence quenching occurs due to the interruption of cascaded energy transfer from peptide nanotubes to lanthanide ions. The assay platform provides high selectivity toward pa...
Sustainable photochemical NADH regeneration and redox-enzymatic synthesis are accomplished by using CdS nanocrystals grown on the surface of SiO(2) beads. CdS nanocrystals grown on SiO(2) beads worked efficiently as a visible-light absorbing photocatalyst for in situ NADH regeneration with high catalytic activity and minimal loss of activity despit...
Peptide Self-Assembly for Lithium Ion Batteries: Nanostructures of transition metal phosphates were fabricated through biomimetic mineralization of self-assembled peptide hydrogel nanofibers. FePO4-mineralized peptide nanofibers were readily converted to carbon-coated FePO4 nanotubes after heat treatment and exhibited a high and reversible charge/d...
Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid composite materials are successfully synthesized via a biomineralization process that employs poly(dopamine) (PDA), a synthetic mimic of mussel adhesive proteins. Creating bio-inorganic composites for regenerative medicine requires appropriate fillers to enhance their mechanical robustness; for ex...
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-amorphous FePO(4) core-shell nanowires are synthesized by aqueous solution-based mineralization through sequential adsorption of Fe(3+) and PO(4)(3-) ions onto the CNT surface. The hierarchical nanostructure with FePO(4) shell directly grown on the CNT core exhibits excellent electrochemical properties and performance as a cat...
Bone tissue is a complex biocomposite material with a variety of organic (e.g., proteins, cells) and inorganic (e.g., hydroxyapatite crystals) components hierarchically organized with nano/microscale precision. Based on the understanding of such hierarchical organization of bone tissue and its unique mechanical properties, efforts are being made to...
A universal biomineralization approach that can integrate hydroxyapatites on virtually any type and shape of substrate is presented. H. Lee, C. B. Park, and co-workers show on page 2132 that polydopamine, a catecholamine surface modifier inspired by adhesive proteins found in mussels, enriches calcium ions at the interface, facilitating the formati...
We present a versatile route for promoting cell adhesion and viability on various non-wetting surfaces, inspired by mussel adhesion mechanism. The oxidative polymerization of dopamine, a small designer molecule of the DOPA-K motif found in mussels, results in the formation of a poly(dopamine) ad-layer on any material surface. We found that the poly...
Understanding the self-assembly of peptides into ordered nanostructures is recently getting much attention since it can provide an alternative route for fabricating novel bio-inspired materials. In order to realize the potential of the peptide-based nanofabrication technology, however, more information is needed regarding the integrity or stability...
A self-assembled peptide hydrogel consisting of Fmoc-diphenylalanine has been employed as a biosensing platform through the encapsulation of enzyme bioreceptors (e.g., glucose oxidase or horseradish peroxidase) and fluorescent reporters (e.g., CdTe and CdSe quantum dots). Enzymes and quantum dots (QDs) were physically immobilized within the hydroge...
We report the synthesis of novel diphenylalanine/cobalt(II,III) oxide (Co(3)O(4)) composite nanowires by peptide self-assembly. Peptide nanowires were prepared by treating amorphous diphenylalanine film with aniline vapor at an elevated temperature. They were hybridized with Co(3)O(4) nanocrystals through the reduction of cobalt ions in an aqueous...
A vertically aligned peptide nanowire film, prepared by the self-assembly of diphenylalanine upon exposure to fluorinated aniline vapor at high temperature, exhibits a superhydrophobic property due to its nanoscale roughness and low surface free energy. We fabricated a self-cleaning, superhydrophobic surface by hierarchically re-organizing peptide...
Leicht entkernbar: Selbstorganisierte Peptidnanodrähte fungieren als Templat für die Synthese hohler Polyanilin(PANI)-Nanoröhren (siehe Rasterelektronenmikroskopie-Aufnahmen). Die Dicke und Morphologie der PANI-Nanostrukturen lassen sich leicht durch Variation der Reaktionszeit oder durch Aufbringen mehrerer PANI-Schichten steuern.
The principal histopathological feature of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregates in the gray matter of the brain, and researchers believe that various environmental factors play significant roles in the conformational change and self-assembly of Abeta peptides. Therefore, discovering a rapid and convenient analytica...
The development of novel photoluminescent peptide-nanotube materials that were readily prepared by incorporation of photosensitizers and/or lanthanide ions, such as terbium (Tb) and europium (Eu), into the diphenylalanine (FF) nanotubes through a self-assembly process, was reported. Fresh FF solution was prepared by dissolving as-received FF in HFI...
Breaking the mold: Self-assembled peptide nanowires were used as a template for the synthesis of hollow polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes (see scanning electron microscopy images). The thickness and the morphology of the PANI nanostructures could be controlled readily either by varying the reaction time or by applying multiple PANI coatings.
A solid-phase growth of crystalline peptide nanowires at high temperatures influenced by aniline vapor under anhydrous conditions was reported. The formation of vertically well-aligned peptide nanowires on a solid surface were investigated through multiple tools, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), matrix-assisted l...
We report the solid-phase self-assembly of nanostructures from amorphous thin film of aromatic peptides. The thickness of amorphous peptide film could be precisely controlled down to 50 nm. Aligned nanostructures were grown from the film either by changing water activity in the vapor phase or by applying high thermal energy. The growth of peptide n...
Amyloid-beta (Abeta) is the major constituent of senile plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. In order to develop an efficient in vitro system for studying the interaction of cells with Abeta aggregates, we have prepared a synthetic amyloid lawn by immobilizing Abeta peptides over a functionalized glass surface and subsequently inc...
Recently discovered evidences suggest that precipitation of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide and the toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are caused by abnormal interactions with neocortical metal ions, especially Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+. While many studies had focused on the role of a "single" metal ion and its interaction with Abeta peptides...
The aggregation of soluble beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide into oligomers/fibrils is one of the key pathological features in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of naturally occurring small molecules for inhibiting protein aggregation has recently attracted many interests due to their effectiveness for treating protein folding diseases such as AD, Parki...
We analyzed the aggregation of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid (1-42) (Abeta42) peptides from fresh monomers to fully grown fibrils by using in situ surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrometry and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). To immobilize Abeta42 peptide on an SPR chip surface, different carboxy-terminated surfaces were investigated: (1) self-...
The abnormal deposition and aggregation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) on brain tissues are considered to be one of the characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Environmental conditions such as metal ions, pH, and cell membranes are associated with Abeta deposition and plaque formation. According to the amyloid cascade hypoth...
