Jung Hwan Baek

Asan Medical Center | AMC · Department of Radiology

Background: The cytopathologic description of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS)/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS) includes nine different criteria in The Bethesda System, and the risk of malignancy in this category shows a wide range. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether ultrasound (US)-guided c...

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic role of core needle biopsy (CNB) in sonographically suspicious thyroid nodules with initially benign cytologic results through a histologic analysis of CNB specimens. Methods: Between October 2008 and July 2011, 88 patients underwent ultrasound (US)-guided CNB for initially benign cytologic results with suspic...

[This corrects the article on p. 110 in vol. 14, PMID: 23323040.].

Ultrasonography (US) is a primary imaging modality for diagnosing nodular thyroid disease and has an essential role in identifying the most appropriate management strategy for patients with nodular thyroid disease. Standardized imaging techniques and reporting formats for thyroid US are necessary. For this purpose, the Korean Society of Thyroid Rad...

Background: To assess the effects of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using an internally-cooled wet (ICW) electrode in ex vivo bovine liver and evaluate the feasibility of the ICW electrode for benign thyroid nodules. Methods: We developed an 18-gauge ICW electrode with a microhole at the distal tip for tissue infusion of chilled (0 - 4 °C) isoton...

Objective: To evaluate the ultrasonography (US) features for diagnosing metastasis in cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with thyroid cancer and compare the US classification of risk of LN metastasis between European and Korean guidelines. Materials and methods: From January 2014 to December 2018, US-guided fine-needle aspiration was perform...

Objective: To develop and validate a model using radiomics features from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map to diagnose local tumor recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 285 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 62 ± 12 years; 220 male, 77.2%), including 215...

Introduction Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is recognized as an effective technique for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTNs), although the long-term results are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the residual vital volume increase, regrowth, and new growth over a 2-year period after RFA among different nodule volume groups. Subjects an...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and analyze factors associated with false-negative FNAC results in patients with parathyroid incidentaloma who were referred for ultrasonography (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules. Methods: In this study, 121 patien...

Objective: Thyroidectomy bed lesions frequently show suspicious ultrasound (US) features after thyroid surgery. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may not provide definitive pathological information about the lesions. Although core-needle biopsy (CNB) has excellent diagnostic performance in characterizing suspicious thyroid nodules, no published studies...

Objective: To compare the clinical and radiological features of various etiologies of chronic diffuse lacrimal gland enlargement. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 91 consecutive patients who underwent surgical biopsy for chronic diffuse lacrimal gland enlargement and were diagnosed with non-specific dacryoadenitis (DA) (n = 42)...

Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 2021 K-TIRADS biopsy criteria for detecting malignant thyroid nodules in a pediatric population, making comparisons with 2016 K-TIRADS.Methods This retrospective study included pediatric patients with histopathologically confirmed diagnoses. The diagnostic performance of 2021 K-TIRADS was compare...

Purpose of Review Thermal ablation presents a therapeutic option other than active surveillance and immediate surgery for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC). Here, we have reviewed the current oncologic outcome of thermal ablation in PTMC cases and compared it with active surveillance and surgery. Recent Findings Therm...

Background The validation of adult-based US risk stratification systems (RSSs) in the discrimination of malignant thyroid nodules in a pediatric population remains lacking. Purpose To estimate and compare the diagnostic performance of pediatric US RSSs based on five adult-based RSSs in the discrimination of malignant thyroid nodules in a pediatric...

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of additional radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment for benign thyroid nodules. Methods: Electronic medical records at a single institution from September 2008 to August 2016 were searched, and consecutive patients treated with RFA due to benign thyroid nodules with cosmetic or symptomatic pro...

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Materials and methods: This prospective study enrolled 39 participants (14 male, 25 female; mean age, 59.5 ± 15.3 [range, 18-87] years) between September 1, 2018, and January 31, 2021. All part...

Background: The tall cell variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (TCV-PTC) shows aggressive behavior. Thus far, the diagnosis of TCV-PTC can only be confirmed using the postoperative specimen. This study aims to evaluate whether fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB) could diagnose TCV-PTC preoperatively. Methods: This is a retros...

Objectives: This study aimed to determine sonographic features and clinical significance of minor extrathyroidal extension (ETE) to the posterior thyroid capsule in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 506 PTMC patients consisting of 151 patients with minor ETE and 355 patients wit...

Background: The use of ultrasound-guided ablation procedures to treat both benign and malignant thyroid conditions is gaining increasing interest. This document has been developed as an international interdisciplinary evidence-based statement with a primary focus on radiofrequency ablation and is intended to serve as a manual for best practice appl...

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ethanol ablation (EA) for the treatment of thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs). Methods: This retrospective study included 81 consecutive patients diagnosed with and treated for symptomatic TGDCs at two institutions between Jan 2008 and Oct 2018. Preprocedural evaluation included US assess...

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment for benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) in five medical centers in Taiwan. Methods: From April 2016 to July 2020, 762 patients underwent ultrasound guided RFA treatment of 826 benign thyroid nodules at five medical centers in Taiwan. The RFA procedure was p...

Objectives: To investigate the relevance of clinical and sonographic features as indicators of metastasis in indeterminate lymph node (LN), to determine possible indications for fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent US-guided FNA for sonographic indeterminate LNs from differentiated thyroid carcinoma between J...

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem that can be benign or malignant. Contrary to malignant thyroid nodules, benign thyroid nodules do not generally require treatment. However, some patients with benign nodules may require treatment for functional abnormalities or mass effects. Although surgery is curative for thyroid nodules and radioacti...

Although differentiated thyroid cancer has an excellent prognosis and low mortality, its recurrence rate has been reported to be very high. While surgery is recommended as the standard treatment for recurrent thyroid cancer, reoperation may increase the incidence of complications due to fibrosis and anatomical distortion. In patients with high surg...

Thyroidectomy remains the gold standard treatment for benign, symptomatic, or enlarging thyroid nodules, malignant nodules, and metastatic lymph node disease. However, in the past 2 decades, image-guided interventional techniques have emerged as promising alternative treatments for these conditions. Percutaneous ethanol ablation is now an accepted...

Incidental thyroid nodules are commonly detected on ultrasonography (US). This has contributed to the rapidly rising incidence of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma over the last 20 years. The appropriate diagnosis and management of these patients is based on the risk factors related to the patients as well as the thyroid nodules. The Korean Soci...

Introduction: Small-volume hydrodissection liquid dissipates rapidly and confers only short-term protection during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of benign thyroid nodules. The aim of this study was to establish a safe method for continuous, large-volume hydrodissection. Methods: A long needle was inserted and positioned outside the thyroid capsu...

Objective: Although thermal ablation is effective in treating low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs), comparison of treatment outcomes between thermal ablation and surgery has not yet been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation and surgery for the treatment of low-risk PTMCs....

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the modified Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS), and compare it with the 2016 version of K-TIRADS using the Thyroid Imaging Network of Korea. Materials and methods: Between June and September 2015, 5708 thyroid nodules (≥ 1.0 cm) from 5081 consecutive patients who had...

The Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) is an ultrasound-based risk stratification system for thyroid nodules that has been widely applied for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules since 2016. This review article provides an overview of the use of the K-TIRADS compared with other risk stratification systems. Moreov...

Background and Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) using the moving-shot technique for benign soft tissue neoplasm. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study reviewed eight patients with benign soft tissue neoplasm presenting with cosmetic concerns and/or symptomatic issues who refused surgery. Six patien...

PurposeTo evaluate the correlation between histogram parameters derived from pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) and human papillomavirus (HPV) status in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Methods This study included a total of 58 patients (HPV-positive: n = 45; -negative: n = 13) from a prospective cohort of c...

Thermal ablation (TA) for benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) is widely accepted as an effective and safe alternative to surgery. However, studies on the long-term outcomes of TA have reported problems with nodule regrowth and symptom recurrence, which have raised the need for adequate control of regrowth. Therefore, a more complete TA with a longer-last...

Objective: Central nervous system involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been increasingly reported. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of radiologically demonstrated neurologic complications and detailed neuroimaging findings associated with COVID-19. Materials and methods: A systematic...

Purpose: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and ethanol ablation (EA) are effective and safe for benign symptomatic thyroid nodules (BSTNs). However, relatively little is known about the effects of these procedures on patients' quality of life (QoL). This prospective, multicenter study evaluated the effects of RFA and EA on changes in thyroid-specific...

Background An intrathoracic goiter (ITG) is defined as a thyroid extension below the sternal notch. Compared to cervical goiters, surgery for ITG is more challenging, with a higher risk of an extracervical approach. Ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality. The purpose of this study was to pros...

Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) on follicular neoplasm with low standard uptake value (SUV) in a Positron emission tomography (PET/CT) study. Methods From January 2018 to July 2019, 86 consecutive patients were diagnosed with follicular neoplasm. Of the patients, 28 with PET/CT scans were enrolled in this st...

Objectives To review the effectiveness and safety of chemical ablation using ethanol or OK-432 for the treatment of TGDCs (thyroglossal duct cysts).MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to May 29, 2020, to identify studies reporting the safety and efficacy of chemical ablation using ethanol or OK-432 for the treatment of TGDCs. The s...

Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic performance of adult-based “American College of Radiology- Thyroid Imaging Reporting And Data System” (ACR-TIRADS) and “American Thyroid Association” (ATA) in the pediatric population.MethodsMEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles investigating the diagn...

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for recurrent tumor in the central compartment after hemithyroidectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The medical records of patients who underwent RFA for recurrent tumor after hemithyroidectomy between January 2008 and December 2018 were...

Objectives To develop and validate a risk scoring system based on clinical and imaging findings to predict lymph node metastasis from HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.Methods This study population who had undergone neck dissections or lymph node biopsies in patients with HPV+ OPSCC was obtained from a historical cohort from two te...

We aimed to evaluate appropriate strategies for interpreting fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and thyroglobulin concentrations obtained through aspiration (FNA-Tg) results based on the sonographic features of lymph nodes (LNs). Consecutive patients who underwent ultrasound-guided FNAC and FNA-Tg for metastatic LNs from differentiated thyroid...

Objectives Confidence in long-term treatment results of thermal ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is required in comparison with active surveillance. The objective of this meta-analysis is to report 5-year follow-up results of thermal ablation for PTMC.Methods Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched through May 30, 2020,...

Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and characterization of thyroid diseases, and the information provided by imaging studies is essential for management planning. A referral guideline for imaging studies may help physicians make reasonable decisions and minimize the number of unnecessary examinations. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology...

Objectives More clear classification of chronic invasive fungal infection of paranasal sinuses in the clinical presentation, radiologic findings, and pathology is needed. To describe the imaging findings of patients with chronic invasive fungal sinusitis (CIFS) and chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis (CGIFS). Methods Eleven patients wi...

Objective The value of conventional MRI in patients anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome is subject to debate. Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution MRI for detecting cranial nerve abnormalities in patients with anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort study enrolled 15 anti-GQ1b-positive...

Chemical and thermal ablation is a well-known, effective, and safe method for treating benign thyroid nodules and recurrent thyroid cancers. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) first introduced thyroid-dedicated devices and basic techniques for thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in 2012. Thyroid RFA has subsequently been adopted worl...

Background: Active surveillance is recommended as an alternative to immediate surgery for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), and determining meaningful changes in diameter and volume on ultrasonography (US) is critical. However, interobserver reproducibility of the sonographic measurement of maximum diameter and volume of PTMC has n...

Objective: Preoperative differentiation between inverted papilloma (IP) and its malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma (IP-SCC) is critical for patient management. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of conventional imaging features and histogram parameters obtained from whole tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value...

Purpose: We evaluated the use of three criteria to determine the need for additional treatment of cystic thyroid nodules after their recurrence following ethanol ablation (EA). Methods: In total, 154 patients (male:female=30:124; mean age, 53.4 years; range, 23 to 79 years) with 154 thyroid nodules (49 cystic and 105 predominantly cystic nodules...

We investigated the ability of machine-learning classifiers on radiomics from pre-treatment multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to accurately predict human papillomavirus (HPV) status in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). This retrospective study collected data of 60 patients (48 HPV-positive and 12 HPV-negati...

Objectives: To summarize and compare unnecessary biopsy rates and diagnostic performance in the examination of thyroid nodules according to four representative US-based risk stratification systems. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify original articles investigating unnecessary biopsy rates according to at least...

Objective: To review the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for detecting extranodal extension (ENE) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to October 7, 2019. Studies that evaluated the diagnostic performance of CT and/or MRI for detecting ENE in HNSCC patients were in...

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with recurrent thyroid cancer invading the airways. Methods: We reviewed patients who had undergone RFA for recurrent thyroid cancer in the central compartment after total thyroidectomy between January 2008 and December 2018. All tumors were classified according to...

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a thermal ablation technique widely used for the management of benign thyroid nodules. To date, five academic societies in various countries have reported clinical practice guidelines, opinion statements, or recommendations regarding the use of thyroid RFA. However, despite some similarities, there are also differen...

Doppler ultrasonography (US) is widely used for the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules, metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with thyroid cancer, and diffuse parenchymal disease, as well as for guidance in various US-guided procedures, including biopsy and ablation. However, controversies remain regarding the appropriate use and inter...

Background Although thermal ablation has been regarded as an alternative treatment option for autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs), the efficacy of this treatment in patients with AFTNs has not yet been systematically evaluated. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation...

Background This study aimed to compare clinicopathologic features and outcomes between patients with familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) and patients with sporadic non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (SNMTC) after performing individual risk factor-matching. Additionally, the study evaluated a dynamic risk stratification (DRS) system to val...

Background and purpose: Although olfactory dysfunction is a common cranial nerve disorder, there are no simple objective morphometric criteria to assess olfactory dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MR imaging morphometric parameters for detecting olfactory dysfunction. Materials and methods: This pro...

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided minimally invasive treatment in patients with parathyroid lesions. Materials and methods: This study included 27 patients who had undergone US-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or ethanol ablation (EA) for parathyroid lesions between January 2010 and 201...

Objective: This study aimed to determine the sonographic features suggestive of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) of thyroid cancers. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the sonographic images of 1656 consecutive patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in 2017. The diagnostic performance of sonographic features suggestive of ETE was...

Ultrasonography (US) is a primary diagnostic tool for assessing the risk of malignancy and informing decisions regarding the use of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) as well as management decisions after FNA in patients with thyroid nodules. However, since US image interpretation is operator-dependent and interobserver variability is moderate-to-substan...

Background: Ultrasound-guided thermal ablations have become one of the main options for treating benign thyroid nodules. To determine efficacy of thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules, we performed a meta-analysis of studies with long-term follow-up of more than 3 years. Methods: Databases were searched for studies published up to August 25...

Background: Although radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe treatment for thyroid tumors, nerve damage is a frequent complication. A previous retrospective study suggested that an injection of cold 5% dextrose in water (5% DW) can reduce nerve damage during RFA. This study validated the efficacy of injecting cold 5% DW for management of nerve dam...