
Julio BaumgartenState University of Santa Cruz · Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB)
Julio Baumgarten
PhD
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Publications (48)
After the worldwide moratorium on whaling, humpback whale populations began to recover, reoccupying former areas of use, as also observed on the Brazilian coast. Abrolhos Bank represents the area of greatest humpback whale concentration but the number of individuals to the north has increased, as has happened in the region of Serra Grande. To compa...
Five decades after the first description of the humpback whale song in the Northern Hemisphere, and two decades after the first description of a cultural revolution in the eastern Australian population, this Note provides evidence of an abrupt change (leastways) of the song occurred in 2018 season, in breeding stock A. This intense song change meas...
The pace of deforestation in tropical forests has achieved unprecedented rates, requiring effective and achievable conservation mitigations that are also easily understood by society and policy makers. In this context, we report the outcomes from a large-scale project located in the threatened Atlantic Forest (SISBIOTA network) to understand how de...
Maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) are monogamous and display biparental care for
their young, although adults rarely spend time in close proximity. To better understand vocal interactions of maned wolves over long-distances, we passively recorded >10 months of audio data in the species’ natural habitat and analyzed manual recordings of captive a...
Acoustic communication is a way of information exchange between individuals, and it is used by several animal species. Therefore, the detection, recognition and correct understanding of acoustic signals are key factors in effective communication. The priority of acoustic communication is effectiveness rather than perfection, being effective avoids...
RESUMO A análise de isótopos estáveis (AIE) fornece informações sobre a produtividade do oceano e aspectos ecológicos de baleias relacionados ao uso do habitat e ecologia alimentar, estrutura de estoque, fi siologia e evolução. Foram revisados estudos publicados usando a AIE em baleias em todo o mundo entre novembro de 1979 e junho de 2017. Foram a...
Land-use change is considered the greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide. As such, identifying the drivers that shape biological communities is crucial for enhancing conservation strategies in human-modified tropical landscapes. We used a hybrid patch-landscape design and a multi model inference approach to assess the relative impacts of forest...
Passive acoustic monitoring can aid conservation efforts and elucidate the behavior and ecologyof nocturnal/crepuscular secretive species, like the maned wolf. Here we characterize the seasonal, lunar, andnightly patterns in the long-range vocalizations (roar-barks) of free ranging maned wolves at Serra da CanastraNational Park (Brazil) throughout...
The genus Balaenoptera comprises seven species and 15 subspecies whose conservation statuses range from “Endangered” to “Least Concern” and “Data Deficient”. In addition to data from whaling and offshore cruises, much of the information related to these whales in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO) comes from beached carcass analysis. We reviewe...
Is it possible to reconcile production with biodiversity conservation? The south of Bahia, where cocoa is planted under the shade of native forest - called cabrucas - is helping us to answer this question. Get to know a little about this region and our research in this video, and fall in love with the landscape, culture and science that we are unve...
The humpback whales from the breeding stock A are recovering and currently, the whales are observed throughout northeastern Brazil. Since 2014, monitoring studies of humpbacks have begun in Serra Grande, a region where the continental shelf is narrower in the Brazilian coast, allowing the whales to approach near the coast. Land-based visual monitor...
South America hosts two stocks of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), stock A
occupying southwest waters of the Atlantic, and stock G, located in the Southeast Pacific. After breeding in these locations in the austral winter and spring, both stocks travel in the austral summer to the feeding areas located in the Magellan Strait, Corcovado Gul...
Maned wolves are difficult to observe in the wild because of their low densities and their cryptic and crepuscular-nocturnal habits. Exploring their long-range acoustic communication may offer an efficient alternative to study the species. Here we evaluated the applicability of playbacks to study maned wolves in the wild and compare the results wit...
Fruit removal is a key component of the seed dispersal process with direct consequences for plant recruitment. Anthropogenic disturbances might affect removal rates by changing frugivore diversity and their behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of local forest structure and landscape context on fruit removal of two common pioneer species of M...
Humpback whales migrate to the Brazilian coast during the austral winter to reproduce and calve. Males sing long complex songs with repetitive patterns, and each population has its own song version that changes over time. The objectives of this study were: 1) to define the song structure in 2014 and 2015 in the Brazilian breeding area; 2) to analyz...
Acoustic communication plays an important role for whales due to the propagation efficiency of sounds over long distances in the marine environment. While humpback whales’ song is emitted only by males mainly during the breeding season, social sounds (calls or sounds produced on the surface of water through aerial behaviors) are produced by both ma...
The population of humpback whales from breeding stock A is increasing, and little is known about the routes used by humpbacks that move north of the main calving area of Brazil, the Abrolhos Bank. The aim of this study was to describe the movements of humpback whales in a reoccupation wintering area (Serra Grande, Bahia state, Brazil) based on land...
Whales are difficult to study. These large marine mammals cannot be maintained in captivity so they have to be studied in nature, and observing their underwater behavior becomes a challenge. The extensive distribution, large size, and aquatic life style of these leviathans constrain efforts to observe and understand the scale of what is being studi...
An inventory of the amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin – REM in southern Bahia, Brazil is presented. Sixty-nine species were recorded during a ten-year sampling period. Amphibians were distributed in two orders (Gymnophiona and Anura), belonging to twelve families [Aromobatidae (1), Bufonidae (3), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (5), El...
The stomach content of a male, immature dwarf minke whale ( Balaenoptera acutorostrata subsp.) stranded in September of 2008 in southern Brazil revealed a large consumption of the Argentine shortfin squid ( Illex argentinus ), probably in multiple feeding events. Stable isotopes signals from kidney and liver samples of the whale are consistent with...
The coast of Brazil is an important low latitude nursery ground for humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ). The number of humpback whales in this region has increased and its population is reoccupying areas where it has been depleted during the whaling period. The goal of this study was to conduct land-based observations during 2014 and 2015 to...
The application of acoustic indices is incipient and still needs validation before it can reliably characterize soundscapes and monitor rapidly disappearing hot-spot areas as the Brazilian tropical savanna (Cerrado). Here we investigate which of six acoustic indices better correlate with the 24 h zoophony richness of insects, anurans, birds, and ma...
Here we compile a data set comprising morphological and life history information of 279 mammal species from 39,850 individuals of 388 populations ranging from 5.83 to 29.75 decimal degrees of latitude and 34.82 to 56.73 decimal degrees of lon- gitude in the Atlantic forest of South America. We present trait information from 16,840 individ- uals of...
Measures of traits are the basis of functional biological diversity. Numerous works consider mean species-level measures of traits while ignoring individual variance within species. However, there is a large amount of variation within species and it is increasingly apparent that it is important to consider trait variation not only between species,...
Humpback whales use the Brazilian coast to breed and calve. The number of individuals of the population from reproductive stock A has increased in the past few years. Whales are reoccupying areas used before being affected by whaling, lacking detailed information about their presence along the coast. Thereby, the objective of this study was to desc...
A little-studied common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population inhabits the offshore waters surrounding Saint Paul's Rocks, a Brazilian marine protected area in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Five field expeditions (May 2011-May 2013) were conducted to characterize the habitat use, population size, and site fidelity of this population....
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from the reproductive stock A migrates to the Brazilian waters, where there has been verified a population increase. Even though Abrolhos Archipelago represents the area of greatest concentration of humpback whales, the population is now reoccupying areas previously used before being affected by whaling. How...
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate from feeding to breeding areas and the coastline orientation seems to be a key factor that influences the course of their movement. Their speed and linearity may be influenced by the area where they are (migratory corridors, feeding or breeding areas). Knowledge of speed along the route is essential...
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate to the Brazilian coast during the winter and spring to breed and calve. During this time, the males sing complex songs related to mating. Although most of the studies on acoustic communication of the species are focused on song, humpback whales also use other “social sounds” to communicate. Non-song...
Habitat loss threatens biodiversity in tropical forests, having harmful effects on population dynamics and, ultimately, determining the evolutionary destiny of species. Thus, understanding how habitat loss affects microevolu-tionary processes is an important step in the conservation of genetic resources. However, few studies have explored landscape...
Habitat selection is a scale-dependent process of paramount importance to the understanding of how species deal with environmental variation. This process has practical implications for wildlife conservation, aiding in the identification of key resources for animals and in the definition of scales relevant to the proposal of practical conservation...
Undersampling is commonplace in biodiversity surveys of species‐rich tropical assemblages in which rare taxa abound, with possible repercussions for our ability to implement surveys and monitoring programmes in a cost‐effective way.
We investigated the consequences of information loss due to species undersampling (missing subsets of species from th...
1. Species richness is a state variable of some interest in monitoring programmes but raw species counts are often biased due to imperfect species detectability. Therefore, monitoring programmes should quantify detectability for target taxa to assess whether it varies over temporal or spatial scales. We assessed the potential for tropical bat monit...
1. Species richness is a state variable of some interest in monitoring programmes but raw species counts are often biased due to imperfect species detectability. Therefore, monitoring programmes should quantify detectability for target taxa to assess whether it varies over temporal or spatial scales. We assessed the potential for tropical bat monit...
Bats are ecologically important mammals in tropical ecosystems; however, their populations face numerous environmental threats related to climate change, habitat loss, fragmentation, hunting, and emerging diseases. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop and implement large-scale networks to monitor trends in bat populations over extended time pe...
Recent developments have highlighted the importance of forest amount at large spatial scales and of matrix quality for ecological processes in remnants. These developments, in turn, suggest the potential for reducing biodiversity loss through the maintenance of a high percentage of forest combined with sensitive management of anthropogenic areas. W...
A variety of human-induced disturbances such as forest fragmentation and recovery after deforestation for pasture or agricultural activities have resulted in a complex landscape mosaic in the Una region of northeastern Brazil. Using a set of vegetation descriptors, we investigated the main structural changes observed in forest categories that compr...
The traditional shade cacao plantations (cabrucas) of southern Bahia, Brazil, are biologically rich habitats, encompassing
many forest-dwelling species. However, a critical question for the conservation management of this specific region, and the
highly fragmented Atlantic forest in general, is to what extent the conservation value of cabrucas reli...
Nearly 40% of the remaining Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia state, Brazil, is a rustic agroforest of cacao (Theobroma cacao). These traditional shade plantations, locally known as ‘cabrucas’, are habitats for forest dwelling species. Here we investigated
the potential role of this traditional crop as a support for bat assemblages in southern Bahi...
In the core region of Brazilian cocoa production, shade cacao plantations (so-called
cabrucas) are important components of regional landscapes, constituting potential habitat for a
vast array of the regional biota. This research focuses on the ability of cabrucas to harbor bird and
bat species in two nearby districts – Una and Ilhe´us – with contra...
Assessing the composition of an area's bat fauna is typically accomplished by using captures or by monitoring echolocation calls with bat detectors. The two methods may not provide the same data regarding species composition. Mist nets and harp traps may be biased towards sampling low flying species, and bat detectors biased towards detecting high...
In this study the incidence of moths and beetles was examined from feces samples of bats that use different foraging behaviors. Twenty sites around the Fazenda Intervales, a Field Research Station located in São Paulo State, in southeastern Brazil were sampled. Feces were collected from bats caught in mist nets, Turtle Traps or hand nets and, in on...
We studied a colony of Anoura geoffroyi (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in a cerrado area near Brasilia, DF, central Brazil. The bats were netted at the mouth of a cave during 15 nights between May 1992 and May 1993. This species presented a seasonally monestrous reproductive pattern. Births occurred at the beginning of the dry season, and the lactati...