Juliette Richetin

• Ph.D
• Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca

Purpose of Review Unstable relationships are a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impairments in trust processes (i.e., appraisal and learning regarding others’ trustworthiness) can subserve interpersonal problems associated with BPD, but the determinants, mechanisms, consequences, and variations in trust impairments among indiv...

Background The mechanisms of disparities in maternal and perinatal health between migrant and native women are multiple and remain poorly understood. One hypothesis is the existence of implicit biases among caregivers through which the women's ethno-racial belonging can influence medical decisions and engender healthcare disparities. Their existenc...

Evaluative conditioning is an effect consisting of a change in the valence of a neutral stimulus (Conditioned Stimulus, CS) that results from pairing it with a valenced stimulus (Unconditioned Stimulus, US). The present contribution examined whether and how this effect is moderated by Neuroticism, a personality trait articulated in facets and chara...

Stimuli that relate to the self tend to be better liked. The Self-Referencing (SR) task is a paradigm whereby one target categorized through the same action as self-stimuli (i.e., possessive pronouns) is preferred over an alternative target categorized through the same action as other-stimuli. Past studies on the SR showed that valence could not fu...

The HEXACO model divides the space of personality into six main dimensions: Honesty–Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness (vs. anger), Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience. Despite the lexical foundation, no validated adjective-based instruments are available yet. This contribution describes the newly developed HEXACO Adjecti...

The psychological perception of structural measures developed to respond to hydrogeological hazards is pivotal in determining their efficacy. In this regard, alongside the vast psychological literature on mitigation behaviors, there is a lack of research on psychological constraints related to adaptation infrastructures. To fill this gap, we invest...

Research literature about the environmental spillover effect produced mixed results, revealing that an initial pro-environmental behavior (PEB) is likely to promote either other PEBs (i.e., positive spillover) or pro-environmental inactions and harming behaviors (i.e., negative spillover). Such inconsistency suggests a possible crucial role of mode...

The first Italian lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic constituted an example of strong situation. Under this context, we investigated associations of HEXACO personality with COVID-19 mitigation behaviors (self-reported hygiene, distancing, going out). We tested unique associations through regularized regressions and out-of-sample prediction after est...

Individuals perceive organic food as being healthier and containing fewer calories than conventional foods. We provide an alternative way to investigate this organic halo effect using a mirrored method to Choice Experiments applied to healthiness judgments. In an experimental study (N = 415), we examined whether healthiness judgments toward a 200g...

Background The mechanisms of disparities in maternal and perinatal health between migrant and native women are multiple and remain poorly understood. Access to and quality of care are likely to participate in these mechanisms, and one hypothesis is the existence of implicit biases among caregivers through which ethno-racial belonging can influence...

Objective: Personality involves both trait and state components, personal goals serving a crucial regulatory function for the expression of personality states. The present study investigates the dynamic interplay between conscientiousness-related goals, conscientious personality states, and trait conscientiousness. Method: A sample of 244 commun...

Background and objectives Previous studies showed disparities in prenatal screening for Down syndrome according to the maternal place of birth. Among the factors that might be involved in these differences, social cognition offers the concept of implicit bias (IB) used to describe the fact of having attitudes towards people or associating stereotyp...

Background Disparities in neuraxial analgesia use for childbirth by maternal origin have been reported in high-resource countries. We explored the association between maternal immigrant status (characterised separately by geographic continental origin and Human Development Index [HDI] of maternal country of birth) and neuraxial analgesia use. We hy...

The organic halo effect describes how individuals tend to ascribe positive attributes such as low-calorie content to organic food. In this contribution, we extend the organic halo effect to the inferences individuals make about organic food consumers regarding basic personality traits. In a first study (N = 608), we tested whether describing a pers...

In many daily life situations, eating behaviour manifests itself under conditions of automaticity. Associative learning procedures have proven reliable to change food items’ evaluations inferred from performances in indirect tasks, such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Targeting two alternative food brands, we investigated the impact of the...

This work investigates the relationship between goals and mitigation behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Study 1 (pilot) identified goals ascribed to following and violating mitigation-related indications. Study 2 investigated the structure of and link between COVID-related goals and behaviors in a large community sample (N = 995, 301...

Although previous studies have shown that rejection sensitivity (RS) is related to aggressive, prosocial, and withdrawal behaviors, little is known on the underlying mechanisms. This contribution aims to fill this gap by showing the usefulness of differentiating between the cognitive (expectation) and emotional (anxiety, anger) components of RS and...

To rule out an alternative explanation to their structural fit hypothesis, Payne, Burkley, and Stokes (2008) demonstrated that correlations between implicit and explicit race attitudes were weaker when participants were put under high pressure to respond without bias compared to when they were placed under low pressure. This effect, although smalle...

Classic instances of evaluative learning require the spatio-temporal contingency between source and target stimuli. However, people can learn to like stimuli in a more indirect fashion. Moreover, many of our preferences are self-referential: we tend to like the objects that are related to ourselves. For instance, it is demonstrated that performing...

Risk perception of natural hazards has been widely studied as one of the potential determinants of people's behaviors and behavioral intentions. However, individual differences can also affect risk perception. The present work focused on the link between an individual cognitive mindset (i.e., level of holism) and flood‐risk perception. It also asse...

In evaluative learning, changes in implicit evaluations do not always result in explicit. The Self-Referencing (SR) task is an associative learning paradigm that relies on intersecting regularities and self-positivity to transfer valence towards target objects. A recent meta-analysis documented its effectiveness in changing both implicit and explic...

To rule out an alternative to their structural-fit hypothesis, Payne, Burkley, and Stokes (2008) demonstrated that correlations between implicit and explicit race attitudes were weaker when participants were put under high pressure to respond without bias than when they were placed under low pressure. This effect was replicated in Italy by Vianello...

With two experiments, we investigated the impact of the relevance of objects for current needs on the measurement of implicit attitudes with the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). Experiment 1 (n = 103) showed that an IAT measuring implicit preference for beverages was predictive of both behavioral choice and expl...

Objective: Assuming personality to be a system of intra-individual processes emerging over time in interaction with the environment, we propose an idiographic approach to investigate potential changes of intra-individual dynamics in the perception of situations and emotions of individuals varying in personality traits. We compared the semi-paramet...

The decision‐making process underlying cosmetic surgery for esthetic purposes has been rarely investigated. To fill in this gap, we examined the determinants of undergoing plastic surgery among women within a framework that considers that the intentions to undergo and to not undergo surgery are related to different motivational systems that could b...

Replications in psychological science sometimes fail to reproduce prior findings. If replications use methods that are unfaithful to the original study or ineffective in eliciting the phenomenon of interest, then a failure to replicate may be a failure of the protocol rather than a challenge to the original finding. Formal pre-data collection peer...

Various phenomena such as halo effects, spontaneous trait inferences, and evaluative conditioning have in common that assumptions about object features (e.g., whether a person is intelligent or likeable) are influenced by other object features (e.g., whether that person is attractive or co-occurs with other liked persons). Surprisingly, these pheno...

This contribution investigates the role of food product attributes on consumer choices focusing on different production processes, labeled as ‘traditional’ or ‘industrial’. More specifically, we aim at documenting a novel halo (positive) effect of the Tradition label versus a horn (negative) effect of the Industrial label on the implicit and explic...

Purpose of Review We review recent empirical investigations about two core processes subtending impairments in interpersonal functioning and, more precisely, cooperative behaviors in personality disorders: Trust toward others and rejection sensitivity. The main contributions are about borderline and narcissistic personality disorders but we report...

In this chapter, we introduce the current state of the art of network analysis in personality psychology, and we present networks from both a theoretical and a methodological perspective. We focus on the within-person contemporaneous network which allows exploring the interplay of cognitions, emotions, and behaviors across situations. We illustrate...

Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct particularly relevant for understanding a wide variety of behaviors, especially risky behaviors. A recent conceptualization of impulsivity identifies three impulsivity factors—pervasive influence of feelings, feelings trigger action, and lack of follow-through—that have been shown to predict different behavio...

In this article, we focus on rejection sensitivity (RS) in adolescents. Although the RS model distinguishes clearly between the emotional (i.e., anger and anxiety) and the cognitive (i.e., expectation of rejection) components, research has rarely examined their unique connection with psychological problems. We argue that considering the three compo...

Aims: Untrustworthiness biases in Borderline Personality Disorder are particularly relevant in Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (e.g., considering paranoid transference). Starting from discordant results in the literature, our contribution aims at clarifying the mediating role of rejection sensitivity (RS) on the untrustworthiness bias in Borderl...

Objective In the perspective of shedding light on inconsistencies emerging from the literature, our contribution aims at clarifying the mediating role of Rejection Sensitivity (RS) on the untrustworthiness bias in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Methods To do so, we examine whether BPD traits are connected to an untrustworthiness bias toward...

The paper explores the (mis)perceptions related to local food to identify potential halo effects. It also investigates whether product beliefs relate to the food category itself or to its perceived attributes. 133 students answered a questionnaire regarding four cheeses labelled as local, conventional, organic, or PDO. Results show that local claim...

Individual attitudes, both implicit and explicit, have been identified as one of the multiple drivers of consumer behaviors, including food-related ones. Building on such evidence, in this contribution we seek at increasing implicit and explicit consumer attitudes towards a healthy food, comparing the effectiveness of two different treatments. The...

Introduction: Emerging personality organization may play an important role in the psychological adjustment of early adolescents, but research in this area is still limited. The current study evaluated if personality organization moderates the association between rejection sensitivity and adverse psychological outcomes in early adolescence. Method...

In associative evaluative learning, attitudes can originate from intersecting regularities between a target and both positive‐ and self‐related stimuli. Liking towards a focal target is primarily driven by its reference to one source, but it might be qualified by the reference to a contrast target. This contribution focuses on how the nature of pos...

Objective: Starting from discordant results in the literature, our contribution aims at clarifying the mediating role of rejection sensitivity (RS) in the untrustworthiness bias in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Method: To do so, we examine whether BPD traits are connected to an untrustworthiness bias toward neutral male and female faces in...

We argue that the series of traits characterizing Borderline Personality Disorder samples do not weigh equally. In this regard, we believe that network approaches employed recently in Personality and Psychopathology research to provide information about the differential relationships among symptoms would be useful to test our claim. To our knowledg...

Network estimation. (DOCX)

Edge values of the nine symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder in the student (below the diagonal) and clinical (above the diagonal) samples. (DOCX)

Correlations among the nine symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder in the student sample (below the diagonal) and in the clinical sample (above the diagonal). (DOCX)

Centrality indices of nine symptoms of the Borderline Personality Disorder in the student and clinical samples. (DOCX)

Correlations among different centrality measures in the student (below the diagonal) and the clinical (above the diagonal) samples and correlations between the same indices in the two samples (diagonal). (DOCX)

Confirmatory Factor Analysis. (DOCX)

Reliabilities and descriptive statistics of the nine BPDCL symptoms for men and women samples. (DOCX)

Objectives Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) features are associated with interpersonal difficulties. In this research, we investigated trust impairments, a core BPD feature connected to impairments in interpersonal behavior. We first tested the relation between BPD features and trust appraisal, measured both directly and indirectly. In a secon...

This contribution provides both a theoretical framework and a quantitative summary of the empirical evidence on a recent evaluative learning procedure, namely the Self-Referencing (SR) task. The SR task is introduced by describing its key features, with emphasis on the intersecting regularities principle as its underlying learning mechanism and on...

Networks have been recently proposed for modeling dynamics in several kinds of psychological phenomena, such as personality and psychopathology. In this work, we introduce techniques that allow disentangling between-subject networks, which encode dynamics that involve stable individual differences, from within-subject networks, which encode dynamic...

Objective Borderline Personality disorder (BPD) is a clinical condition that impairs patient’s interpersonal skills. In particular, we focus on trust impairments, as they play a central role in interpersonal difficulties characteristic of BPD conditions. This contribution assesses the hypotheses that BPD traits are associated with impairments in tr...

Background Although correlational studies have demonstrated that implicit and explicit attitudes are both important in predicting eating behavior, few studies targeting food choice have attempted to change both types of attitudes. PurposeWe tested the impact of (a) an evaluative learning intervention that uses the self to change attitudes (i.e., a...

Since the development of D scores for the Implicit Association Test, few studies have examined whether there is a better scoring method. In this contribution, we tested the effect of four relevant parameters for IAT data that are the treatment of extreme latencies, the error treatment, the method for computing the IAT difference, and the distinctio...

Anticipated regret (AR) has been suggested as a useful addition to the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) that captures affective influences. However, previous research has generally (1) assessed the impact of AR in relation to one behaviour (action or inaction) when considering TPB variables in relation to the alternative behaviour, (2) not control...

Dysfunctions in social cognition characterize personality disorders. However, mixed results emerged from literature on emotion processing. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) traits are either associated with enhanced emotion recognition, impairments, or equal functioning compared to controls. These apparent contradictions might result from the c...

Because indirect measures of personality self-concepts such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) allow tapping into automatic processes, they can offer advantages over self-report measures. However, prior investigations have led to mixed results regarding the validity of indirect measures of conscientiousness. We suggest that these results might...

Since the development of D scores for the Implicit Association Test, few studies have examined whether there is a better scoring method. In this contribution, we tested the effect of four relevant parameters for IAT data that are the treatment of extreme latencies, the error treatment, the method for computing the IAT difference, and the distinctio...

With three studies, we investigated whether motivational states can modulate the formation of implicit preferences. In Study 1, participants played a video game in which they repeatedly approached one of two similar beverages, while disregarding the other. A subsequent implicit preference for the target beverage emerged, which increased with partic...

As water scarcity problems will probably increase over the next decade, it is important to explore ways to reduce water consumption in everyday individual behaviors. In line with previous field research, we aimed to show in a laboratory setting that descriptive norms could effectively influence water reduction actions. Moreover, because the impact...

This contribution aims to establish a set of validated vocal Italian pseudowords that convey three emotional tones (angry, happy, and neutral) for prosodic emotional processing research. We elaborated the materials by following a series of specific steps. First, we tested the valence of a set of written pseudowords generated by specific software. T...

When using evaluative conditioning (EC) procedures for changing implicit attitudes, the self is a particularly efficient unconditioned stimulus (US). So far, in previous studies in which the self has been used as a US, a comparison category has usually been present, either as the generic category "others" or as specific individuals. As such, it is...

Implicit and explicit attitudes can be changed by using evaluative learning procedures. In this contribution we investigated an asymmetric effect of order of administration of indirect and direct measures on the detection of evaluative change: A change in explicit attitudes is more likely detected if they are measured after implicit attitudes, wher...

In Evaluative Conditioning (EC) studies, novel Conditioned Stimuli (CSs) are usually selected so to be neutral. However, in real life, because of the tendency of humans to evaluate novel stimuli automatically, novel CSs are very often initially valenced. From the literature little is known on whether EC can be successful under these conditions. In...

In line with previous results that challenge the traditional primacy of warmth over competence in outgroup perception, we propose to bridge elements from stereotype content model and social identity theory: Perceivers will use the competence and warmth dimensions differentially when interpreting higher or lower status outgroup members' behavior. We...

The present contribution bridges research on body image, self-esteem, and body recognition. Recent work in neuroscience indicates a superiority in the processing of self relative to others' body parts. The present contribution shows that this ability is not universal but it is qualified by individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem...

The central aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between prevolitional processes and aggressive behavior. More specifically, the role of the goal underlying aggressive behavior was examined. A model of attitude, the Extended Model of Goal-directed Behavior, was tested with structural equation models to analyze the process that lea...

This study argues for and tests the prediction that cognitions about not performing a behavior are not simple opposites of cognitions about performing the same behavior because they rely on separate goals. Three behaviors (i.e., eating meat, doing vigorous physical activity, and breastfeeding) are examined, for which performing and not performing a...

In this contribution we aim at anchoring Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) simulations in actual models of human psychology. More specifically, we apply unidirectional ABM to social psychological models using low level agents (i.e., intra-individual) to examine whether they generate better predictions, in comparison to standard statistical approaches, con...

This study examines the extent to which implicit measures of aggressiveness predict actual aggressive behavior in response to provocation. Participants (n = 77) completed implicit measures of aggressiveness, were or were not exposed to insult from an experimenter, evaluated the performance of the experimenter (i.e., opportunity for aggressive behav...

While the statistical approach can often help develop models that have predictive power, it rarely yields the insights required to build models that try to explain the underlying processes and mechanisms driving psychological or social phenomena. The Agent-Based Modeling [ABM] approach has been considered as a potentially useful approach to complem...

Implicit attitudes are automatic evaluations that occur upon encountering an object. Pairing a particular object with one's self should lead to a positive implicit evaluation of that object as, on the whole, people evaluate themselves positively. Study 1 (N = 83) demonstrated that asking participants to associate themselves with a particular drink...

This study aimed at comparing the predictive power of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (MGB), and the Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (EMGB) for observed and self-reported behaviors concerning consumer nondurables. More specifically, the three models were compared in terms of their predictive power...

In a context in which aggressive behavior has been predominantly predicted by self-reports, this paper considers how a theoretical and empirical examination of automatic and deliberative processes in information processing and decision making may contribute to our understanding of aggressive behavior. We review research devoted to distinguishing tw...

The present study explores the relationships between the traditional race-IAT (Greenwald & al., 1998), the personalized race-IAT (Olson & Fazio, 2004), and the explicit personal and cultural-normative racial beliefs. Both IATs were significantly and positively correlated with personal and cultural-normative racial beliefs. Importantly, while the pe...

Whereas several recent studies have examined the role of various personal and situational variables as moderators of the predictive validity of implicit measures, the role played by methodological factors has attracted relatively less attention. A two-session study (N = 104) investigated the influence of temporal contiguity between measurement and...

A cautionary note is reported on the results and conclusions of McCrae et al. (this issue). The main counter argument to a straightforward interpretation of mean differences at a national level is the arbitrary nature of the metrics for personality traits. It is argued that this fundamental property lies behind potential threats to the interpretati...

The Preference for Intuition and Deliberation (PID) scale aims at capturing stable general individual differences in terms of intuitive versus deliberative preferences in decision making. A study examined the psychometric properties of the English version of the PID, investigated whether the two subscales moderate the validity of implicit and expli...

One of the issues concerning the application of implicit measures like the IAT is whether they can be successfully applied to consumer choices. The empirical evidence of the predictive validity of the IAT so far has been mixed, both at the level of eating habits and of specific behavioural food choices. Moreover, whereas the predictive validity of...

Cet article livre une synthèse sur les effets encore assez méconnus et mani-festement complexes du maquillage facial, en particulier celui appliqué quotidiennement par de nombreuses femmes, en matière d'inférences per-sonnologiques et donc de perception sociale. Tantôt positifs tantôt négatifs, à l'instar de ceux liés à l'attractivité physique, ces...

The effects of cosmetics on impression formation were tested with students from either psychology or business and aesthetic schools. They were presented photographs of young and older female targets wearing or not wearing facial makeup and rated them for both physical attractiveness and a number of personality traits. In contrast with Graham and Jo...

Three experiments tested whether the use of facial make-up elicits positive or negative implicit attitudes. Students in psychology, business, and aesthetics performed a series of Implicit Association Tests (IAT) measuring the link between portrayed women wearing or not wearing make-up and high versus low status professions, pleasant versus unpleasa...